1,561 research outputs found
Combination of gastric atrophy, reflux symptoms and histological subtype indicates two distinct aetiologies of gatric cardia cancer.
No full text<b>INTRODUCTION</b>
Atrophic gastritis is a risk factor for non-cardia gastric cancer, and gastro-oesophageal reflux
disease (GORD) for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The role of atrophic gastritis and GORD in the
aetiology of adenocarcinoma of the cardia remains unclear. We have investigated the association
between adenocarcinoma of the different regions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and atrophic
gastritis and GORD symptoms.
<b>METHODS</b>
138 patients with upper GI adenocarcinoma and age and sex matched controls were studied.
Serum pepsinogen I/II was used as a marker of atrophic gastritis and categorised to five quintiles.
History of GORD symptoms, smoking and H.pylori infection was incorporated in logistic regression
analysis. Lauren classification of gastric cancer was used to subtype gastric and oesophageal
adenocarcinoma.
<b>RESULTS</b>
Non-cardia cancer was associated with atrophic gastritis but not with GORD symptoms; 55% of
these cancers were intestinal subtype. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma was associated with GORD
symptoms, but not with atrophic gastritis; 84% were intestinal subtype. Cardia cancer was positively
associated with both severe gastric atrophy [OR, 95% CI: 3.92 (1.77 – 8.67)] and with frequent
GORD symptoms [OR, 95% CI: 10.08 (2.29 – 44.36)] though the latter was only apparent in the nonatrophic
subgroup and in the intestinal subtype. The association of cardia cancer with atrophy was
stronger for the diffuse versus intestinal subtype and this was the converse of the association
observed with non-cardia cancer.
<b>CONCLUSION</b>
These findings indicate two distinct aetiologies of cardia cancer, one arising from severe atrophic
gastritis and being of intestinal or diffuse subtype similar to non-cardia cancer, and one related to
GORD and intestinal in subtype, similar to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gastric atrophy, GORD
symptoms and histological subtype may distinguish between gastric versus oesophageal origin of
cardia cancer
Two distinct aetiologies of cardia cancer, evidence from premorbid serological markers of gastric atrophy and Helicobacter pylori status
No full textBackground: Non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma is positively associated with Helicobacter pylori infection
and atrophic gastritis. The role of H pylori infection and atrophic gastritis in cardia cancer is unclear.
Aim: To compare cardia versus non-cardia cancer with respect to the premorbid state of the stomach.
Methods: Nested case–control study. To each of 129 non-cardia and 44 cardia cancers, three controls were
matched. Serum collected a median of 11.9 years before the diagnosis of cancer was tested for anti-H pylori
antibodies, pepsinogen I:II and gastrin.
Results: Non-cardia cancer was positively associated with H pylori (OR 4.75, 95% CI 2.56 to 8.81) and
gastric atrophy (pepsinogen I:II ,2.5; OR 4.47, 95% CI 2.71 to 7.37). The diffuse and intestinal histological
subtypes of non-cardia cancer were of similar proportions and both showed a positive association with
H pylori and atrophy. Cardia cancer was negatively associated with H pylori (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.12 to
0.59), but H pylori-positive cardia cancer showed an association with gastric atrophy (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.06
to 10.5). The predominant histological subtype of cardia cancer was intestinal and was not associated with
gastric atrophy compared with the diffuse subtype ((OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.19 to 2.79) vs (OR 3.46, 95% CI 0.32
to 37.5)). Cardia cancer in patients with atrophy had an intestinal: diffuse ratio (1:1) similar to non-cardia
cancer (1.9:1), whereas cardia cancers in patients without atrophy were predominantly intestinal (7:1).
Conclusion: These findings indicate two aetiologies of cardia cancer, one associated with H pylori atrophic
gastritis, resembling non-cardia cancer, and the other associated with non-atrophic gastric mucosa,
resembling oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Serological markers of gastric atrophy may provide the key to
determining gastric versus oesophageal origin of cardia cancer
Gastric Cardia Cancer; The Most Common Type of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer in Ardabil, Iran: An Endoscopy Clinic experience
No full textBackground-According to a recent report published by the Ministry of Health and
Medical Education of the I. R. of Iran, gastric cancer (GC) is the most common fatal cancer in
this country and its prevalence is highest in Ardabil province, Northwest of Iran. This
descriptive endoscopic survey was designed to determine the type of upper gastrointestinal
(GI) malignancy in this high prevalence area.
Method-This study was conducted in the first established subspeciality outpatient GI
clinic in the city of Ardabil. From 11,518 patients who attended this clinic in a one-year
period, 1,152 (10%) with persistent upper GI symptoms underwent upper GI fiberoptic
endoscopy and 162 (14.1%) had a tumor with malignant appearance. At least six endoscopic
punch biopsies were obtained from all the tumors and sent for histopathologic examination.
Demographic data was obtained from all 162 patients. Statistical analysis was performed
using the SPSS statistical software.
Results-The mean age of the patients with cancer was 63.5 ± 10.8 years and the male to
female ratio was 2.14:1. Villagers constituted 111 (70.7%) and urban dwellers constituted 46
(29.3%) patients. Upper GI cancer was diagnosed by histopathology in 157 patients (13.4%).
Stomach cancer constituted 107 cases (68.2%), 53 (49.5%) of which were cancers of the
gastric cardia and 50(31.8%) were esophageal cancer. The most common site of upper GI
malignancy was the gastric cardia 53 (33.8%) followed by the antrum 32(20.4%), esophageal
body 27 (17.2%), distal esophagus 23 (14.6%), and gastric body 22 (14.0%).
Conclusion-Cancer of the gastric cardia is now the most common upper GI malignancy
in Ardabil and constitutes almost half of all gastric cancers. It is recommended that subsitespecific
gastric cancer risk factors, including H. pylori and dietary nitrates, be studied in the
future in this region.
Keywords • Gastri
Incidence and survival of oesophageal and gastric cancer in England between 1998 and 2007, a population-based study.
No full textBACKGROUND: Major changes in the incidence of oesophageal and gastric cancers have been reported internationally. This study describes recent trends in incidence and survival of subgroups of oesophageal and gastric cancer in England between 1998 and 2007 and considers the implications for cancer services and policy. METHODS: Data on 133,804 English patients diagnosed with oesophageal and gastric cancer between 1998 and 2007 were extracted from the National Cancer Data Repository. Using information on anatomical site and tumour morphology, data were divided into six groups; upper and middle oesophagus, lower oesophagus, oesophagus with an unspecified anatomical site, cardia, non-cardia stomach, and stomach with an unspecified anatomical site. Age-standardised incidence rates (per 100,000 European standard population) were calculated for each group by year of diagnosis and by socioeconomic deprivation. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The majority of oesophageal cancers were in the lower third of the oesophagus (58%). Stomach with an unspecified anatomical site was the largest gastric cancer group (53%). The incidence of lower oesophageal cancer increased between 1998 and 2002 and remained stable thereafter. The incidence of cancer of the cardia, non-cardia stomach, and stomach with an unspecified anatomical site declined over the 10 year period. Both lower oesophageal and cardia cancers had a much higher incidence in males compared with females (M:F 4:1). The incidence was also higher in the most deprived quintiles for all six cancer groups. Survival was poor in all sub-groups with 1 year survival ranging from 14.8-40.8% and 5 year survival ranging from 3.7-15.6%. CONCLUSIONS: An increased focus on prevention and early diagnosis, especially in deprived areas and in males, is required to improve outcomes for these cancers. Improved recording of tumour site, stage and morphology and the evaluation of focused early diagnosis programmes are also needed. The poor long-term survival reinforces the need for early detection and multidisciplinary care
Laser augmented by brachytherapy versus laser alone in the palliation of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia: a randomised study
No full textBackground: Many patients with advanced malignant dysphagia are not suitable for definitive treatment. The best option for palliation of dysphagia varies between patients. This paper looks at a simple technique for enhancing laser recanalisation.
Aim: To assess the value of adjunctive brachytherapy in prolonging palliation of malignant dysphagia by endoscopic laser therapy.
Patients: Twenty two patients with advanced malignant dysphagia due to adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or gastric cardia, unsuitable for surgery or radical chemoradiotherapy.
Methods: Patients able to eat a soft diet after laser recanalisation were randomised to no further therapy or a single treatment with brachytherapy (10 Gy). Results were judged on the quality and duration of dysphagia palliation, need for subsequent intervention, complications, and survival.
Results: The median dysphagia score for all patients two weeks after initial treatment was 1 (some solids). The median dysphagia palliated interval from the end of initial treatment to recurrent dysphagia or death increased from five weeks (control group) to 19 weeks (brachytherapy group). Three patients had some odynophagia for up to six weeks after brachytherapy. There was no other treatment related morbidity or mortality. Further intervention was required in 10 of 11 control patients (median five further procedures) compared with 7/11 brachytherapy patients (median two further procedures). There was no difference in survival (median 20 weeks (control), 26 weeks (brachytherapy)).
Conclusions: Laser therapy followed by brachytherapy is a safe, straightforward, and effective option for palliating advanced malignant dysphagia, which is complementary to stent insertion
Gastrointestinal: Polypoid Carcinoma of Cardia of Stomach
No full textPolypoid carcinoma of cardia of stomac
Association between body mass and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia
No full textBackground: The incidence of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma is, for unknown reasons, increasing dramatically. A weak and inconsistent association between body mass index (BMI) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia has been r</p
Rhagovelia cardia Padilla-Gil 2011
No full textRhagovelia cardia Padilla-Gil, 2011 (Figs. 5F, 6F, 7F, 8F, 19J, 20J, 25A) Rhagovelia cardia Padilla-Gil, 2011: 207. Rhagovelia carina Padilla-Gil, 2015: 77 (new synonym). Holotype apterous male. BL 3.87; HL 0.41; HW 1.00; INT 0.35; ANT I 1.35, ANT II 0.75, ANT III 0.85, ANT IV 0.95; EYE 0.37; PL 0.21; PW 1.23; FORELEG: FEM 1.65; TIB 1.75; TAR I 0.06; TAR II 0.04; TAR III 0.38; MIDLEG: FEM 2.80; TIB 1.80; TAR I 0.10; TAR II 1.05; TAR III 1.00; HINDLEG: FEM 2.35; TIB 2.15; TAR I 0.12; TAR II 0.16; TAR III 0.42. Head dorsally black, covered with golden pubescence; longitudinal midline and a pair of oblique indentations at base impressed and shiny. Venter of head black. Buccula brown. Labium brown. Eye dark red. Antenniferous tubercle brown. Base of antennomere I yellow; most of I and rest of antenna brown. Pronotum dark orange between eyes behind vertex of head, dark brown laterally and posteriorly. Meso- and metanota black, covered by golden pubescence. Propleuron with small yellow macula; meso- and metapleura black, covered with greyish pubescence. Pro-, meso- and metasterna black, covered with greyish pubescence. Proacetabulum black with yellow ventral spot. Mesoacetabulum black. Metacetabulum black with yellow margins. Fore and hind coxae yellow. Middle coxa black. Fore and hind trochanters black with brown macula. Middle trochanter black. Femora, tibiae and tarsi black. Abdominal mediotergites black, covered with golden pubescence; VII with a central shiny black spot; tergum VIII shiny black, covered with short golden setae. Abdominal laterotergites black, covered with golden pubescence, with lateral margins shiny black. Abdominal sterna black, covered with greyish and golden pubescence, except for VII with a shiny black mark and slightly marked median carina. Head short, covered with short setae; frons with longer setae. Antenna covered with short brown setae, denser on antennomere IV; antennomere I with at least six longer, thick brown setae; II with two of these setae near middle. Antennomeres I– III cylindrical; IV fusiform; I and IV subequal in width at the middle; II subequal in width to III, slightly thinner than I and IV. Labium short. Ocular setae present. Pronotum short, not covering mesonotum, covered with short golden setae, denser laterally; posterior margin slightly concave. Mesonotum covered with short golden setae, denser on the posterior margin; posterior margin convex centrally. Metanotum short; posterior margin straight centrally. Sides of thorax with long brown setae. Legs covered with short golden setae, with rows of longer, thicker setae on femora and tibiae. Trochanters without spines. Fore tibia slightly curved distally, with weak preapical depression; grasping comb extending slightly beyond apex. Hind femur distinctly surpassing apex of abdomen, slightly wider than middle femur, with posterior margin sinuous; distal half with a row of about 14–16 spines decreasing in size towards apex. Hind tibia slightly curved, with 22–23 subequal short denticles, apex with straight spur. Abdominal mediotergites subrectangular. Abdominal laterotergites raised, but not vertical, with short golden setae. Abdominal sterna covered with short golden setae, without black denticles, with weak median carina on segments VII–VIII. Proctiger subtriangular, basal lobes rounded, strong, short; apex rounded, densely covered with setae. Paramere elongated, subtriangular, curved and rounded at the edges, with thick setae at apex. Paratype apterous female. BL 4.38; HL 0.50; HW 1.05; INT 0.34; ANT I 1.35, ANT II 0.73, ANT III 0.83, ANT IV 0.60; EYE 0.50; PL 0.25; PW 1.20; FORELEG: FEM 1.65; TIB 1.68; TAR I 0.06; TAR II 0.04; TAR III 0.38; MIDLEG: FEM 2.88; TIB 1.75; TAR I 0.10; TAR II 1.05; TAR III 1.00; HINDLEG: FEM 2.35; TIB 2.20; TAR I 0.08; TAR II 0.22; TAR III 0.42. Similar to apterous male in structure and color. Hind femur relatively shorter and less sinuous than in male, with about 6–8 spines on distal half. Shiny black central spot on dorsum of abdominal segments VI –VIII. Abdominal sterna without carina; VII with shiny brown mark. Comments. When describing R. carina, Padilla-Gil (2015) compared it with R. cardia and R. espriella (= R. rosensis, new synonym). According to this author, R. carina could be distinguished from R. cardia by the absence of a heart-shaped shiny black spot on the mesonotum (present in the latter), the male hind femur 7.3 times as long as wide (7.6 in the latter), and by the shape of the paramere. The mesonotum of the types of R. cardia deposited in the ICN is slightly more bare and reflective than in most Colombian species of the angustipes complex, but a heartshaped shiny black spot could not be observed. Evident shiny black mesonotal areas, similar to those that commonly occur on the abdominal mediotergites of species of the complex, are found, for example, in R. calopa (Fig. 5E) and R. sabrina Drake, 1958, but not in R. cardia. The mentioned difference in the length / width ratio of the male hind femur between R. carina and R. cardia (ca. 4%) is very small and can be regarded as intraspecific variation. The development of the hind femur in male Rhagovelia is related to sexual selection and can be quite variable in a single species, with more extreme cases occurring in the collaris and robusta complexes (Crumiére et al. 2019, Magalhães 2019). The differences in paramere shape between R. carina and R. cardia (compare Padilla-Gil 2015: Fig. 30 and Fig. 31) are due to innapropriate preparation of the drawings. The actual paramere of R. cardia (Fig. 19J) is more similar to that drawn for R. carina by Padilla-Gil (2015: Fig. 30). Considering that these differences are either misinterpretations or of minor importance for species discrimination in the angustipes complex, and that no other major differences have been found between the types of both species, we propose the synonymy between R. carina and R. cardia. As can be seen below, both were described from the same area in southern Colombia. Distribution. Colombia: Cauca (Padilla-Gil 2019b, Padilla-Gil 2020), Nariño (Padilla-Gil 2011, Padilla-Gil 2015), Tolima (Parra-Trujillo et al. 2014) (Fig. 25A). Type material examined. Holotype ♂ apterous of R. cardia (ICN 054104): ‘ Colombia \ Nariño \ municipio de Barbacoas \ Altaquer \ río Ñambi \ 16.V.2008 \ Col: G. Montenegro’. Paratype ♀ apterous of R. cardia (ICN 054105): same data as holotype. Holotype ♂ apterous of R. carina (ICN): ‘ Colombia \ Nariño \ Altaquer \ Reserva Natural Río Ñambi \ 2010-IV-29 \ Col: D. N. Padilla’. Paratypes of R. carina, 6 ♂ apterous, 7 ♀ apterous, 1 ♀ macropterous (ICN): same data as holotype.Published as part of Galindo-Malagón, Ximena Alejandra, Morales, Irina & Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, 2021, Revision of the Rhagovelia angustipes complex (Insecta: Hemiptera: Veliidae from Colombia, pp. 167-225 in Zootaxa 4958 (1) on pages 188-189, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/469151
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