25 research outputs found
Ma Huan (original author), Wan Ming (ed.) Ming chaoben " Yingya shenglan " jiaozh
No full textPtak Roderich. Ma Huan (original author), Wan Ming (ed.) Ming chaoben " Yingya shenglan " jiaozh. In: Archipel, volume 71, 2006. Autour de la peinture à Java. Volume II. pp. 240-244
Universal Probability Distribution for the Wave Function of a Quantum System Entangled with Its Environment
No full textA quantum system (with Hilbert space H1) entangled with its environment (with Hilbert space H2) is usually not attributed a wave function but only a reduced density matrix ρ1. Nevertheless, there is a precise way of attributing to it a random wave function ψ1, called its conditional wave function, whose probability distribution μ1 depends on the entangled wave function ψ∈H1⊗H2 in the Hilbert space of system and environment together. It also depends on a choice of orthonormal basis of H2 but in relevant cases, as we show, not very much. We prove several universality (or typicality) results about μ1, e.g., that if the environment is sufficiently large then for every orthonormal basis of H2, most entangled states ψ with given reduced density matrix ρ1 are such that μ1 is close to one of the so-called GAP (Gaussian adjusted projected) measures, GAP(ρ1). We also show that, for most entangled states ψ from a microcanonical subspace (spanned by the eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian with energies in a narrow interval [E,E+δE]) and most orthonormal bases of H2, μ1 is close to GAP(tr2ρmc) with ρmc the normalized projection to the microcanonical subspace. In particular, if the coupling between the system and the environment is weak, then μ1 is close to GAP(ρβ) with ρβ the canonical density matrix on H1 at inverse temperature β=β(E). This provides the mathematical justification of our claim in [J. Statist. Phys. 125:1193 (2006), http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0309021] that GAP measures describe the thermal equilibrium distribution of the wave function.Peer reviewe
Theodor Fontane, Julius Roderich Benedix and the royal theater in Berlin
No full textTheodor Fontane, Julius Roderich Benedix und das königliche Schauspielhaus in BerlinHeike JantschnerDiese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Theodor Fontane als Theaterkritiker für die Vossische Zeitung und Julius Roderich als Lustspielautor. Die Kernfragen der Arbeit lauten: Wer war der heute kaum noch bekannte Roderich Benedix? Warum waren seine Werke zu seinen Lebzeiten und Jahrzehnte postum noch so beliebt auf deutschen Bühnen? Worin liegt der Grund für dessen Beliebtheit? Um diesen Fragen nachzugehen, werden Theodor Fontanes Theaterkritiken vom königlichen Schauspielhaus in Berlin allgemein betrachtet, daraufhin seine Kritiken über Benedix genau analysiert. Daraus ergab sich, dass Benedix zu den beliebtesten deutschen Bühnenautoren seiner Zeit zählte. Seine Motive, Figuren sowie seine Komik waren neben den damals aufkommenden französischen Lustspielen und später dem Naturalismus eine erfrischende, harmlose, deutsche Alternative.Theodor Fontane, Julius Roderich Benedix and the royal theater in BerlinHeike JantschnerThe present work deals with the combined analysis of Theodor Fontane as a theater critic and Julius Roderich Benedix as a comedy author, respectively. The core issues of this volume can be summarized as follows: Who was this today rarely known man called Roderich Benedix? Why was his work during his lifetime as well as over decades posthumous that famous on German scenes? To respond to these raised questions, the critics of Theodor Fontane during his work at the royal theater of Berlin were, first of all, examined on a general basis followed by a detailed analysis of his critics regarding Benedix. This leads to the conclusion that Benedix ranked among the most popular scene writers at that time. The motives, characters created by him as well as his inimitable comic were, beside the arising comics from France and the upcoming naturalism, refreshing, harmless alternatives made in Germany.vorgelegt von Heike JantschnerAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassungen in dt. und engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Masterarb., 2015 2084
Anpassung von Bakterien an zeitlich variable Antibiotikaumgebungen
Get PDFThe variability of the environment is a challenge for the flexibility of organisms. Temporal variation generates interesting optimization conflicts for evolution, which were investigated in this doctoral thesis for the example of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the sequential treatment with antibiotics. This bacterium has remarkable metabolic and genetic versatility. P. aeruginosa expresses a range of efflux pumps for cell detoxification. Increasingly, this characteristic is transforming into a medical threat because it can convey antibiotic resistance. The spread of antibiotic resistance is a growing global challenge. The investigations of this thesis, may contribute to the design of new treatment strategies that inhibit the emergence of resistance. This aim was achieved by integrating three principles from evolutionary ecology into drug treatments and testing them for their efficacy in delaying resistance evolution: genetic conflicts, physiological conflicts, and environmental stochasticity.Die Variabilität der Umwelt ist eine große Herausforderung für die Flexibilität der Lebewesen. Über lange Zeiträume entstehen interessante Optimierungskonflikte für die Evolution. Diese wurden im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit beispielhaft am Bakterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa und mit sequentieller Antibiotikabehandlung untersucht. Die Besonderheit dieses Bakteriums ist seine metabolische und genetische Vielseitigkeit. P. aeruginosa besitzt zahlreiche Pumpsysteme zur Entgiftung der Zelle. Zunehmend wird diese Eigenschaft zu einer medizinischen Bedrohung, da durch sie Antibiotikaresistenz vermittelt werden kann. Die Verbreitung von Antibiotikaresistenzen ist eine dringliche globale Herausforderung. Die Untersuchungen dieser Dissertation tragen dazu bei, neue Behandlungsmethoden zu entwickeln, mit denen die Entstehung weiterer Resistenzen gehemmt werden kann. Hierzu wurden Prinzipien der Evolutionsökologie in Antibiotikabehandlungen integriert und auf ihre Wirksamkeit in der Hemmung von Resistenzevolution erprobt: Genetische Konflikte, physiologische Konflikte und Stochastizität
Evolutionary ecology meets the antibiotic crisis: can we control pathogen adaptation through sequential therapy?
Get PDFThe spread of antibiotic resistance is a global challenge that is fueled by evolution and ecological processes. Therefore, the design of new sustainable therapy should take account of these underlying processes – as proposed within the field of evolutionary medicine, yet usually not receiving the necessary attention from national and international health agencies. We here put the spotlight on a currently neglected treatment strategy: sequential therapy. Changes among antibiotics generates fluctuating selection conditions that are in general difficult to counter by any organism. We argue that sequential treatment designs can be specifically optimized by exploiting evolutionary trade-offs, for example collateral sensitivity and/or inducible physiological constraints, such as negative hysteresis, where pre-exposure to one antibiotic induces temporary hyper-sensitivity to another antibiotic. Our commentary provides an overview of sequential treatment strategies and outlines steps towards their further optimization
The Entries on Birds in Liu Xun’s Lingbiao lu yi
No full textThis article presents an annotated translation of the section on birds in Liu Xun’s Lingbiao lu yi (late 9th century). The author describes eleven birds of the Lingbiao region (roughly Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan) in short notes that mix real and fictitious elements. This region, always considered dangerous and poorly civilized, was certainly not among the favorite locations of China’s civil servants. Although Liu Xun spent several years in the far South, very little is known about his life. But one can imagine that he felt unhappy in these lands, while at the same time admiring some of its unique features. That also applies to the entries on birds, especially on owls, in his text. The article is an attempt at “deciphering” these parts.Ce travail présente une traduction annotée de la section consacrée aux oiseaux dans l’ouvrage Lingbiao lu yi de Liu Xun (fin du IXe siècle). L’auteur choisit onze oiseaux de la région Lingbiao (correspondant à peu près au Guangdong, au Guangxi et à Hainan), et leur dédia des notes où les éléments réels et fantastiques paraissent entremêlés. Cette région, considérée comme peu civilisée et dangereuse, n’était pas un lieu où l’on souhaitait être envoyé comme fonctionnaire d’État. Liu Xun y servit pendant plusieurs années, mais on sait peu de choses de sa vie. On peut toutefois imaginer qu’il a été malheureux en ces terres lointaines, tout en étant admiratif de certaines de leurs particularités. Cela s’applique aussi aux descriptions des oiseaux dans son texte, notamment celles des hiboux. L’article est une tentative de « déchiffrer » ces passages.Bocci Chiara, Ptak Roderich. The Entries on Birds in Liu Xun’s Lingbiao lu yi. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 102, 2016. pp. 297-351
Evolutionary stability of collateral sensitivity to antibiotics in the model pathogen̑extit Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Get PDFEvolution is at the core of the impending antibiotic crisis. Sustainable therapy must thus account for the adaptive potential of pathogens. One option is to exploit evolutionary trade-offs, like collateral sensitivity, where evolved resistance to one antibiotic causes hypersensitivity to another one. To date, the evolutionary stability and thus clinical utility of this trade-off is unclear. We performed a critical experimental test on this key requirement, using evolution experiments with ̑extitPseudomonas aeruginosa, and identified three main outcomes: (i) bacteria commonly failed to counter hypersensitivity and went extinct; (ii) hypersensitivity sometimes converted into multidrug resistance; and (iii) resistance gains frequently caused re-sensitization to the previous drug, thereby maintaining the trade-off. Drug order affected the evolutionary outcome, most likely due to variation in the effect size of collateral sensitivity, epistasis among adaptive mutations, and fitness costs. Our finding of robust genetic trade-offs and drug-order effects can guide design of evolution-informed antibiotic therapy
Kritobulos of Imbros: Learned historian, Ottoman raya and Byzantine patriot
No full textKritobulos of Imbros, the author of a historical work covering the period from 1451 to 1467, describes the deeds of the Sultan Mehmed Fatih. The work written between 1465 and 1467 is an autograph of the author. Apart from a knowledge of literature (Thucydides), one can discern in this work a definite interest in medicine. K. was sultan's governor of Imbros for almost ten years. At the same time he was a patriot in the sense that he expressed solidarity with the unfortunate inhabitants of Constantinople
周运中: Zheng He xia Xiyang xin kao 郑和下西洋新考
Get PDFChinese scholarly works on the history of the early Ming voyages led by Zheng He 郑和 and other court eunuchs abound and many books on this subject merely repeat what is already known. The present work, in short characters, is very different. Its author, Zhou Yunzhong, a young scholar now with Xiamen University in Fujian, has published a large number of excellent articles which often deviate from the standard repertory of maritime history because they investigate new topics and explore hitherto..
