1,721,103 research outputs found
Pluralité des courants de recherche scientifique relatifs au contrôle ou aux apprentissages moteurs: implications en EPS
No full textPrenant acte de la diversité des courants de pensée quant au contrôle et/ou aux apprentissages moteurs dans le champ des sciences et technologies de la cognition, ce chapitre s'enquiert de l'utilité de tels travaux pour ce qui concerne l'intervention relative aux activités physiques et sportives ou artistiques en EPS.
Il envisage la suggestivité de tels travaux en ce qui concerne l'intervention en EPS pour réfléchir à une perspective transpositive dans cette discipline. Il questionne la portée d'une telle perspective au regard du projet de construction de l’humain auquel l'EPS, comme toute discipline scolaire, doit participer, esquissant à terme une perspective anthropologique
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Panic, Loss, Gratitude, and Sanity: The Impact of COVID-19 Gym Closures on the Experience of Community in CrossFit
Full text link“Welcome to CrossFit: Join the World’s leading platform for health, happiness, and performance” – the CrossFit.com website advertises in bold letters. The background image features a group of athletes running, working out together, smiling. Health, happiness, and performance, all these three promises radiate not only through the wording but also the visuals on the website. But why happiness? And why CrossFit? CrossFit is a high-intensity functional fitness activity founded in California almost two decades ago and has since enjoyed an increasing popularity, in particular since the mid/late 2000s. Initially, the novelty and strenuous nature of the fitness regime (high intensity workouts, bodyweight movements paired up with some gymnastics movements and Olympic lifting) attracted its first followers .Since its inception, an elaborate set of narratives have developed out of and around CrossFit. These narratives often include the ideas that CrossFit is for everyone no matter their age or physical background; that it helps achieve a general yet unrivaled level of mental toughness and physical fitness; and that CrossFit classes are expertly coached to justify the membership fees which are higher than in a commercial gym where people follow their individual routines or might hop onto one of the many classes (e.g. spin, boxercise, Zumba) commercial gyms often offer today. At the core of what makes CrossFit CrossFit is situated the idea of community and that CrossFit brings people together from all walks of life. More than that: CrossFit is perceived and imagined as a community that is not merely shaped by the temporality of the 60 minutes coached classes, but a community that extends beyond the temporal and physical confines of the box, i.e. the CrossFit gym.CrossFit narratives seem omnipresent in the world of CrossFit. They are narrated by athletes and are part of their rationale for why they do CrossFit; they feature among CrossFit coaches in their formal and informal conversations and communications with members; they are publicized in promotional videos produced by CrossFit, as well as by commentators during live broadcasts.If, as the CrossFit narratives stipulate, community is a central element of the CrossFit experience, what happens when athletes are being cut off from these communities due to the COVID-19 gym closure? The notion of community in CrossFit serves as starting point for the exploration of this question in this paper. From there, I discuss how CrossFit athletes and coaches have experienced the closure of CrossFit boxes (gyms) due to COVID-19 lockdowns. I have interviewed coaches and athletes and the paper is structured based on themes that emerged in my conversation: community, panic, mental health, vulnerable groups, and obesity. Insights from this study suggest that a more nuanced understanding of public health and approach to policy is needed. The CrossFit communities people were part of before box closures and the social connections they were able to forge through CrossFit during lockdowns (albeit virtually) were key factors that helped people to both keep physically fit and stay mentally sane. Online Zoom classes some CrossFit boxes offered served as “anchor points” that helped people not only to stay physically fit but more importantly mentally sane, in particular those that were working from home, were single, or lived by themselves
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Panic, Loss, Gratitude, and Sanity: The Impact of COVID-19 Gym Closures on the Experience of Community in CrossFit
Full text link“Welcome to CrossFit: Join the World’s leading platform for health, happiness, and performance” – the CrossFit.com website advertises in bold letters. The background image features a group of athletes running, working out together, smiling. Health, happiness, and performance, all these three promises radiate not only through the wording but also the visuals on the website. But why happiness? And why CrossFit? CrossFit is a high-intensity functional fitness activity founded in California almost two decades ago and has since enjoyed an increasing popularity, in particular since the mid/late 2000s. Initially, the novelty and strenuous nature of the fitness regime (high intensity workouts, bodyweight movements paired up with some gymnastics movements and Olympic lifting) attracted its first followers .Since its inception, an elaborate set of narratives have developed out of and around CrossFit. These narratives often include the ideas that CrossFit is for everyone no matter their age or physical background; that it helps achieve a general yet unrivaled level of mental toughness and physical fitness; and that CrossFit classes are expertly coached to justify the membership fees which are higher than in a commercial gym where people follow their individual routines or might hop onto one of the many classes (e.g. spin, boxercise, Zumba) commercial gyms often offer today. At the core of what makes CrossFit CrossFit is situated the idea of community and that CrossFit brings people together from all walks of life. More than that: CrossFit is perceived and imagined as a community that is not merely shaped by the temporality of the 60 minutes coached classes, but a community that extends beyond the temporal and physical confines of the box, i.e. the CrossFit gym.CrossFit narratives seem omnipresent in the world of CrossFit. They are narrated by athletes and are part of their rationale for why they do CrossFit; they feature among CrossFit coaches in their formal and informal conversations and communications with members; they are publicized in promotional videos produced by CrossFit, as well as by commentators during live broadcasts.If, as the CrossFit narratives stipulate, community is a central element of the CrossFit experience, what happens when athletes are being cut off from these communities due to the COVID-19 gym closure? The notion of community in CrossFit serves as starting point for the exploration of this question in this paper. From there, I discuss how CrossFit athletes and coaches have experienced the closure of CrossFit boxes (gyms) due to COVID-19 lockdowns. I have interviewed coaches and athletes and the paper is structured based on themes that emerged in my conversation: community, panic, mental health, vulnerable groups, and obesity. Insights from this study suggest that a more nuanced understanding of public health and approach to policy is needed. The CrossFit communities people were part of before box closures and the social connections they were able to forge through CrossFit during lockdowns (albeit virtually) were key factors that helped people to both keep physically fit and stay mentally sane. Online Zoom classes some CrossFit boxes offered served as “anchor points” that helped people not only to stay physically fit but more importantly mentally sane, in particular those that were working from home, were single, or lived by themselves
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Sport sciences facing the epistemic multiplicity : analytic, normative and comprehensive approaches
No full textLes STAPS ont souvent été présentées comme un territoire pluriel, conflictuel voire éclaté. La diversité semble s'y manifester à plusieurs niveaux : diversité des disciplines, des programmes de recherche, des normes de scientificité : Le constat de l'intensité des dissensions a souvent été associé aux idées d'incommensurabilité et d'irréductibilité. Ce faisant, l'étude systématique des modalités effectives de gestion de cette pluralité n'a pas été réalisée. Elle constitue l'objet de la présente thèse : comment les travaux scientifiques affrontent-ils in actu la pluralité théorique ? Dans le cadre d'une approche analytique et logique en philosophie des sciences, nous formalisons dans un premier temps la diversité des stratégies déployées pour traiter la pluralité des résultats empiriques, des méthodes, des disciplines et des paradigmes. Trois cent articles publiés dans deux des revues historiques du champ (Science & Motricité et STAPS) ont été analysés : la pluralité théorique peut être gérée suivant les modes de la confrontation, de la territorialisation, de l'intégration ou de la réduction. Ces diverses modalités sont mises en oeuvre dans des disciplines et programmes variés, à propos d'objets d'étude diversifiés mais également par les professionnels de l'intervention en EPS. Les diverses tentatives de traitement de la pluralité scientifique ne présentent pas une fécondité équivalente ; celles-ci peuvent s?avérer, suivant les cas, progressives (production de faits inédits) ou ad hoc. Leurs apports respectifs sont dégagés, conformément à une approche normative. Nous cherchons ensuite à comprendre les motivations incitant certains chercheurs à produire des modèles intégrateurs. Dix entretiens semi-directifs ont permis de révéler des sensibilités intimes, quasi éthiques, pour le thêmata de complémentarité. Sont finalement dépliées plusieurs implications philosophiques inhérentes à la problématique de la pluralité théorique. Nous tentons notamment d'en comprendre la genèse et les intérêts pour le progrès des connaissances. Les mécanismes aboutissant au durcissement des controverses épistémologiques sont aussi mis en lumière. Des homologies entre les modes de traitement de la pluralité dans le champ scientifique et dans d'autres secteurs d'activité humaine sont enfin repérées.Sport sciences have often been described as a plural, conflicting and even fragmented field. Diversity seems to arise at various levels: diversity of topics, research programs, scientism standards, and so on. The state of division intensity has frequently been associated with the concepts of incommensurability and irreducibility. This is why the systematic study of the effective management modalities of this multiplicity has never been completed. Achieving it is the main goal of this thesis: how does scientific work face in actu the theoretical plurality? As part of an analytic approach, we first formalize the diversity of the various strategies used in order to deal with the plurality of empiric results, methods, topics and paradigms. About three hundred articles published in two of the historic reviews of the field (Science & Motricité and STAPS) were analyzed. The theoretical multiplicity can be managed according to the following modalities: debate, regionalization, integration or reduction. These diverse modalities are carried out in various fields and programs about a broad range of studies and by professional sport educators. The diverse attempts to address scientific plurality do not display the same characteristics; indeed, they turn out to be progressive (with the production of totally new facts) or ad hoc, depending on the study. What they both bring to the topic is quite clear according to a normative approach. Then, we aim at understanding the motives that encourage some researchers to build integrative models. Ten half-guided interviews revealed the existence of intimate sensitivities which translate a code of ethics regarding the thêmata of complementarity. Eventually, we analyzed some philosophic implications which inhere in the problematic of the theoretical plurality. In particular we tend to understand how does the multiplicity progress and what are the interests. Also, the mechanisms that lead to the strengthening of the epistemological controversies are highlighted here. Homologies between the ways to address the multiplicity in a scientific context versus in other social sectors are lastly spotted
Quelle place pour l'enseignant en Education physique et sportive à l'heure des tutoriels sur youtube ?
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