1,720,957 research outputs found
Efeito do consumo materno de ácido linoleico conjugado sobre parâmetros físicos, bioquímicos e comportamentais da prole de ratos
Get PDFThe type of fat offered during pregnancy and lactation can trigger problems such as anxiety,
depression and metabolic changes in the offspring or protect against these diseases. Conjugated
Linoleic Acid (CLA) is a group of conjugated isomers of linoleic acid and is known to exert
beneficial functions in the body. However, little is known about the influence of this lipid on
the maternal diet and the offspring. Therefore, the objective of the study is to evaluate the
influence of CLA offered during the gestation and lactation phase on physical, biochemical and
behavioral parameters of the offspring. Three groups were formed: control (CG) - diet without
CLA; CLA1 - diet containing 1% CLA; and CLA3 - diet containing 3% CLA. Diets were
offered to mothers from the 7th day of pregnancy until the end of lactation. The following
behavioral tests were used: Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Open Field (OF) and Light-Dark Box
(LDB). The levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione were measured in the offspring's
brain. To assess metabolic changes, body weight, murinometry, body fat, biochemical analyzes,
fat and fatty acid profile of the liver were measured. For data analysis, the Oneway ANOVA
statistical test was used, followed by the Tukey test (p≤0.05). CLA1 and CLA3 presented a
greater number of entries in the open arms and time spent in the central area in EPM,
translocated and ambulated more in the clear area of the LDB and performed a longer rearing
time in the OF compared to the CG (p≤0.05). In addition, a higher concentration of glutathione
and lower MDA was observed in the brain tissue of animals from CLA1 and CLA3, as well as
a greater amount of retroperitoneal and epididymal fat, total cholesterol and High Density
Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), when compared to CG (p≤0.05). In contrast, lower waist
circumference and lower blood glucose values were observed in these groups versus the CG
(p≤0.05). Regarding the fatty acid profile in the liver, CLA3 showed a greater amount of MUFA
versus GC and CLA1. However, in this group the amount of PUFA in the n-3 series and total
PUFA was lower when compared to the GC and lower values of n-6 PUFA versus GC and
CLA1 (p≤0.05). The CLA content in the liver was found in insignificant amounts (p≥0.05).
Maternal intake of CLA at both concentrations induced a decrease in anxiety parameters and
cerebral lipid peroxidation, as well as improved fatty acid profile in the liver, increased levels
of HDL-c and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Consumption of CLA at crucial stages of
life is safe and can benefit the offspring. The effects were independent of the dose, but tests on
humans must be performed to confirm the results.O tipo de gordura ofertada durante a gestação e lactação pode desencadear problemas como
ansiedade, depressão e alterações metabólicas na prole ou proteger contra estas doenças. O
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) é um grupo de isômeros conjugados do ácido linoleico e é
conhecido por exercer funções benéficas no organismo. Porém pouco se sabe sobre a influência
deste lipídio na dieta materna e nos filhotes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo é avaliar a
influência do CLA ofertado na fase de gestação e lactação em parâmetros físicos, bioquímicos
e comportamentais da prole. Três grupos foram formados: controle (GC) - dieta sem CLA.;
CLA1 - dieta contendo 1% de CLA.; e CLA3 - dieta contendo 3% de CLA. As dietas foram
oferecidas às mães a partir do 7º dia de gestação até o final da lactação. Foram utilizados os
seguintes testes comportamentais: Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (LCE), Campo Aberto (CA) e
Caixa Claro-Escuro (CCE). Os níveis de malonaldeído (MDA) e glutationa foram medidos no
cérebro da prole. Para avaliar as alterações metabólicas foi aferido peso corporal, murinometria,
gordura corporal, análises bioquímicas, gordura e perfil de ácido graxos do fígado. Para análise
dos dados foi utilizado o teste estatístico One way ANOVA seguido do teste de Tukey (p≤0,05).
CLA1 e CLA3 apresentaram maior número de entradas nos braços abertos e tempo gasto na
área central em LCE, translocaram e ambularam mais na área clara do LCE e realizaram maior
tempo de rearing no CA em relação ao GC (p≤0,05). Além disso, observou-se maior
concentração de glutationa e menor de MDA no tecido cerebral dos animais desses grupos,
como também maior quantidade de gordura retroperitoneal e epididimal, colesterol total e High
Density Lipoprotein colesterol (HDL-c), quando comparados ao GC (p≤0,05). Em
contrapartida, menor circunferência abdominal e menor valor de glicemia foram observados
nestes grupos versus o GC (p≤0,05). Com relação ao perfil de ácidos graxos no fígado, CLA3
apresentou maior quantidade de MUFA versus GC e CLA1. Porém, neste grupo a quantidade
PUFA da série n-3 e PUFA total foi menor quando comparado ao GC e menores valores de n6 PUFA versus GC e CLA1 (p≤0,05). O conteúdo de CLA no fígado foi encontrado em
quantidades insignificantes (p≥0,05). A ingestão materna de CLA nas duas concentrações,
induziu uma diminuição nos parâmetros de ansiedade e peroxidação lipídica cerebral, como
também melhorou perfil de ácidos graxos no fígado, aumentou níveis de HDL-c e Teste Oral
de Tolerância a Glicose (TOTG). O consumo de CLA em fases cruciais da vida é seguro e pode
trazer benefícios para a prole. Os efeitos foram independentes da dose, porém testes com
humanos devem ser realizados para confirmar os resultados
Impacto da suplementação materna com ácido linoleico conjugado sobre a maturação reflexa e função cognitiva da prole de ratos
Get PDFThe essential fatty acids are important lipids for formation of the central nervous
system. During pregnancy and lactation the intake need is increased to further
development of this system. The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a fatty acid
consisting of isomers of linoleic acid. The CLA is naturally produced by ruminant
animals and is found in food products such as milk fat and meat of these animals. The
CLA has been widely investigated because of its many beneficial health effects,
however the effects of CLA on isolated CNS changes at this stage of life have not yet
been investigated. This study aims to investigate the impact of maternal diet with
different concentrations of CLA during pregnancy and lactation on the neonatal reflex
maturation and cognitive function in rats. To this end, three groups were formed: the
control group (GC) received a standard diet without added CLA; The GCLA1 group
received the experimental diet containing 1% CLA and GCLA3 containing 3% CLA.
After birth, the reflex responses were surveyed between 1 and 21 postnatal day, as
well as the measurement of head size and body weight. At 42 days old, the animals
participated in the habituation to the open field test, the second exposure occured after
7 days. For the evaluation of declarative memory, it was performed for object
recognition test 3 days after the habituation test using the open field. After the test the
animals were anesthetized and euthanized by cardiac puncture. The analyzes were
compared by one way ANOVA test followed by the Holm Sidak test, considering
significant difference for p <0.05. We used the Sigma start program for data analysis.
The GCLA 1 and GCA3 showed acceleration in reflex maturation of puppies for most
of the evaluated parameters. Body weight was higher compared to the control group
(p <0.05). To assess the extent of the head, it can be seen that the GCLA1 and GCLA3
presented in laterolateral size measurements when compared to controls. In the
anteroposterior extent GCLA1 and GCA3 shown to be lower when compared to the
control group on day 1, with an increase in the perimeter evaluated in GCLA3 to
compare it GCLA1 on the 7th and 21th day (p <0.05). On habituation in the open field
test just wandered GCLA3 least the second open field indicating exposure to facilitating
memory (p <0.05). In the long term object recognition test, a significant difference when
comparing the time of exploration of familiar object to the time of operation of the new
object occured in the GC, GCLA1 and GCLA3. Moreover, with respect to the explored
ratio of the objects in GCLA1 there was a significant increase compared to GC and
GCLA3 compared with GCLA1 (p <0.05). Maternal treatment with CLA anticipates
reflex maturation, increases body weight, head size and improves responses in
memory tests in the offspring of rats.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESOs ácidos graxos essenciais são lipídios muito importantes para a formação do
sistema nervoso central (SNC). Durante a gestação e lactação sua necessidade
encontra-se aumentada para melhor desenvolvimento deste sistema. O Ácido
Linoleico Conjugado (CLA) é um ácido graxo formado por isômeros de ácido linoleico.
Este ácido graxo vem sendo investigado devido aos seus prováveis efeitos benéficos
à saúde, porém os efeitos da mistura de CLA sobre alterações do SNC durante a fase
de gestação e lactação ainda não foram investigados. Assim, este estudo tem como
objetivo investigar o impacto de dieta materna com diferentes concentrações de CLA
durante a gestação e lactação sobre a maturação reflexa neonatal e função cognitiva
em ratos. Para tanto, foram formados 3 grupos: O Grupo Controle (GC) recebeu a
dieta padrão sem adição de CLA; O Grupo GCLA1, a dieta experimental contendo 1%
de CLA e o GCLA3, contendo 3% de CLA. Após o nascimento, as respostas reflexas
foram avaliadas entre o 1º e 21º dia pós-natal, como também a aferição do tamanho
da cabeça e o peso corporal. Aos 42 dias de vida, os animais participaram do teste de
habituação ao campo aberto, sendo a segunda exposição após 7 dias. Para a
avaliação da memória declarativa, foi realizado o teste de reconhecimento de objetos
7 dias após o teste de habituação, usando o campo aberto. Após os testes os animais
foram anestesiados e eutanasiados por punção cardíaca. Os dados foram analisados
pelo teste One Way ANOVA seguidas pelo teste de Tukey para os dados paramétricos
e o teste Kruskal Wallis para os dados não paramétricos, considerando-se diferença
significativa para p < 0,05. Utilizou-se o programa Sigma Start para a análise dos
dados. Os GCLA 1 e GCA3 mostraram aceleração na maturação reflexa de filhotes
para a maioria dos parâmetros avaliados. O peso corporal foi mais elevado em
comparação com o grupo de controlo (p <0,05). Ao avaliar a medida da cabeça, podese observar que o GCLA1 e o GCLA3 apresentaram maior tamanho nas medidas
laterolateral quando comparado ao controle. Já na medida anteroposterior o GCLA1
e GCLA3 mostraram-se menor quando comparado ao GC no 1º dia, havendo um
aumento no perímetro avaliado no GCLA3 ao compara-lo GCLA1 no 7º e 21º dia
(p<0,05). No teste de habituação no campo aberto apenas o GCLA3 deambulou
menos na segunda exposição ao campo aberto indicando facilitação da memória
(p<0,05). No teste de reconhecimento de objetos a longo prazo, houve diferença
estatística significativa quando comparado o tempo de exploração do objeto familiar
ao tempo de exploração do objeto novo nos GC, GCLA1 e GCLA3. Além disso, com
relação à taxa de exploração dos objetos, no GCLA1 essa diferença foi observada
quando comparado ao GC, e o GCLA3 ao GCLA1 (p<0,05). O tratamento materno
com CLA antecipa maturação reflexa, aumenta o peso corporal, tamanho da cabeça
e melhora respostas em testes de memória na prole de ratas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
