1,721,439 research outputs found
Words, Music, and Meaning: The Debate on Qin Song in Late Imperial China
Get PDFHumanities: 1st Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)This paper investigates the relations between words, music, and meaning in the views of the late imperial Chinese literati, focusing on the practitioners of the qin (the seven-string zither) who were at once poets, musicians, and scholars.
Qin song (a combination of qin-playing and song-singing) saw its heyday during the 16th and 17th centuries. However, the debate about whether qin music should be accompanied with lyrics (and/or singing) started to rise also during this time. The debate eventually led to a decline of qin song from the 18th century onward (Liang, 1969; Xu, 1982; Zhan, 2005). In this paper, I challenge previous scholars’ explanation that the debate over qin song during this period was a result of different aesthetic preferences or the competitions between schools. For a deeper understanding of this debate, I compare the musical works and the paratext (prefaces, postfaces, instructional essays) in different collections of qin music published in wood-block print from the 16th to the 19th century. Moreover, because the qin was long regarded as an indispensable means of self-cultivation and moral transformation in premodern China, I situate these qin practitioners’ writings and works into the broader intellectual and religious contexts of this period. I suggest that their debate over qin song was not simply an issue of musical aesthetics, but it implied a broader intellectual concern, namely, what was the ideal way to communicate moral teachings. While both sides of the debate agreed that music was a powerful means for communication, the advocates of qin song still found words to be indispensable for clear expression and accurate comprehension. The opponents, however, insisted that music alone was sufficient, while language might become an obstacle to communicating the true meaning.
I argue that both the flourish and the decline of qin song in the late-imperial period suggest an increasing emphasis on the limit of language as a communicative tool. Given that the qin was traditionally regarded as the “instrument of the sage-kings,” my findings about these qin practitioners contrast with a prevalent view in the 18th century that one must use a philological approach to truly understand the sage’s teaching.A three-year embargo was granted for this item
Two anthraquinone compounds from a marine actinomycete isolate M097 isolated from Jiaozhou Bay
No full textTwo anthraquinone compounds were isolated from the culture broth of a marine actinomycete isolate M097. The structures were elucidated as Aloesaponarin II and 1,6-dihydroxy-8-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone by detailed interpretation of their spectra. It is the first time that the latter has ever been reported as a secondary metabolite from a wild-type strain. The results showed that the actinomycete isolate M097 could be a promising material for studying the biosynthetic pathway of polyketides and the production of novel recombinant polyketides
Novel chacolmycins possessing an amino sugar unit isolated from the marine Streptomyces sp M491
No full textHualyzin, a symmetrical urea derivative isolated from Penicillium herquei isolate GA4
No full textPenicillium herquei isolate GA4 was isolated from the infected Conchocelis of Porphyra yezoensis. A large-scale fermentation using yeast extract sucrose medium and repeated chromatography afforded a new symmetrical urea derivative, hualyzin (1). The structure was determined by detailed NMR spectroscopic investigations and MS fragmentation analysis
5,7-Dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-azocin-2-one from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp.
No full textIn the course of a screening program, we have isolated the new natural product, 5,7-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroazocin-2(IH)-one (1), from the staurosporine producing marine-derived Streptomyces sp. strain QD518. Here we report the isolation and structure elucidation of 1 and the artifacts 3 and 4 resulting from I by acid catalyzed intra- and inter-molecular reactions
Isolation, antimicrobial activity, and metabolites of fungus Cladosporium sp associated with red alga Porphyra yezoensis
No full textCladosporium sp. isolate N5 was isolated as a dominant fungus from the healthy conchocelis of Porphyra yezoensis. In the re-infection test, it did not cause any pathogenic symptoms in the alga. Twenty-one cultural conditions were chosen to test its antimicrobial activity in order to obtain the best condition for large-scale fermentation. Phenylacetic acid, p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol, and L-beta-phenyllactic acid were isolated from the crude extract as strong antimicrobial compounds and they are the first reported secondary metabolites for the genus Cladosporium. In addition, the Cladosporium sp. produced the reported Porphyra yezoensis growth regulators phenylacetic acid and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. No cytotoxicity was found in the brine shrimp lethality test, which indicated that the environmental-friendly Cladosporium sp. could be used as a potential biocontrol agent to protect the alga from pathogens
T-Muurolol Sesquiterpenes from the Marine Streptomyces sp M491 and Revision of the Configuration of Previously Reported Amorphanes
No full textTwo new sesquiterpenes, 15-hydroxy-T-muurolol (3d) and 11,15-dihydroxy-T-muurolol (3e), along with the plant cadinenes T-muurolol (3f) and 3 alpha-hydroxy-T-muurolol (3g), were isolated from the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. M491. Their absolute configuration was established via NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of 3-oxo-T-muurolol (3a), which was reisolated from this strain. In addition, the absolute configuration of further sesquiterpenes previously reported from this strain was revised. These products were tested for their cytotoxicity against 37 human tumor cell lines using the MTT method. Only 3d was cytotoxic against a range of human tumor cell lines with a mean IC(50) of 6.7 mu g/mL
T-muurolol sesquiterpenes from marine Streptomyces sp M491 and revision of the configurations for the previously reported sesquiterpenes
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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