1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Bureaucracy and the politics of time in state-business relations: Waiting to recruit migrant labour in Mauritius
No full textInternational audienceTime is money. According to E.P. Thompson, this saying lies at the core of the logic of capitalism. And yet, in the vast literature on state-capital relations, the strategic value of time has remained relatively neglected compared to rent distribution and monetary exchanges. Elaborating on the recruitment of migrants by employers and their intermediaries in Mauritius, this article explores the role of bureaucratic time and delays in businesses’ access to the fundamental resource for economic accumulation: labour. It reveals a bifurcated bureaucratic pathway, a two-speed logic in the Mauritian bureaucracy of migration. On one side is the lengthy and unpredictable process of administering the authorisations to recruit foreign workers; on the other appear what I term the “shortcuts through the red tape”, the exemptions to the bureaucratic procedures and delays that benefit politically connected actors. Drawing on this case study, I contend that the politics of waiting, inherent to bureaucratic routine, matters in the relations between business and the state
Les entreprises en campagne : Le capitalisme de connivence à l’aune du financement des campagnes électorales à l’île Maurice
No full textCampaigning firms: Crony capitalism and political funding in Mauritius -- What companies are investing—in both senses of the term—in politics in fast-developing countries such as Mauritius? Through the study of the Mauritian electoral funding by private companies, this article rejects the developmental state model and the notion of autonomy in politics and highlights the crony relations between politicians and several economic sectors on the island. It argues that the establishment of alliances between the political class and specific economic elites can be explained first by the formation of state-capital relations in the long term, in the context of a “sedimented” capitalism, and second, by the need of several companies to ensure the distortion of the market by the state to secure their profit.Quelles factions du monde des affaires investissent – dans les deux sens du terme – la politique dans un pays en développement rapide comme l’île Maurice ? À travers l’étude du financement des campagnes électorales mauriciennes par les grandes entreprises, cet article s’oppose au modèle de l’État développemental et au postulat d’une autonomie du champ politique pour démontrer la présence de connivences spécifiques entre personnel politique et certains secteurs productifs de l’île. L’argument est que ces proximités différentielles entre élites s’expliquent d’une part par la constitution de relations État-entreprises dans le temps long, au sein d’un capitalisme « sédimenté », d’autre part par le besoin de certains groupes d’intérêt d’obtenir de l’État une distorsion du marché en leur faveur
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Au secours des « indésirables ». Consensus et dissensus dans la gestion de la « crise migratoire » à Malte
No full textInternational audienceSaving the “unwanted”: Consensus and dissensus in the managment of the “migration crisis” in Malta -- It is often believed that the use of the concept of crisis by decision-makers and state officials serves to foster consensus around a coherent and unified public action. This article, on the other hand, explores how the diagnosis of the crisis can produce various practices and know-how among competing actors who claim their professional expertise on the matter. For the last two decades, the crossings of the Mediterranean Sea by persons in exile reaching the island of Malta at the borders of Europe has been locally interpreted as evidence of a “migration crisis”. Although the “crisis” has consolidated the prominent role of security professionals who consider migration as a national threat, it has also been the opportunity for other state actors to emerge as the experts in the “welfare” of exiles. The diagnosis of crisis, therefore, can give rise to contrasting ethos and professional knowledge among state actors in charge of managing it. However, although the respective actors disagree on the significations of the “crisis” and the required responses, they converge towards a similar understanding of the events as an exceptional matter and an emergency which restricts the scope and ambitions of their critics.On a souvent considéré que la mobilisation du concept de crise par les décideurs et agents publics fabriquerait du consensus autour d’une action étatique cohérente et unitaire. À rebours d’une vision unificatrice de la notion, l’article explore comment la « mise en crise » peut être le théâtre de pratiques et d’expertises concurrentes parmi les acteurs qui en font profession. Sur l’île de Malte, pays frontalier de l’Union européenne, les traversées de la Méditerranée s’interprètent depuis plus de vingt ans comme le symptôme d’une « crise migratoire ». Bien que la « crise » ait conforté la prééminence des professionnels de sécurité qui érigent la migration en menace nationale, elle a également été l’occasion pour certains acteurs étatiques de se constituer à l’inverse comme les professionnels du « bien » des exilés. Le diagnostic de la crise peut ainsi donner lieu à des éthos et des savoirs contrastés parmi les agents de l’État en charge de l’administrer. Toutefois, si ceux-ci se disputent sa signification et les réponses à lui apporter, ils partagent néanmoins une lecture des événements sous le registre de l’anormal et de l’urgence qui borne le champ de leur critique
Travail des migrants : des politiques au service des régimes de production
No full textcontribution à un site webMigrant Labor: Policies Serving Production Systems -- Few studies on asylum seekers have explored their place in the production and labor systems of host countries. Migration management certainly gives short shrift to the local labor market, and the success of an asylum application hinges on the candidate’s ability to convincingly claim that s/he is not an “economic migrant”, but rather motivated by factors of a different nature.However, to consider asylum seekers to be in a unique relationship with the State is to consider them as an exception: a population existing outside the economic and social world. In other words, such a perspective disregards the “invisible threads” (Karl Marx) that bind individuals and place migrants within the “host” society and its production system.Parmi les études qui ont pour sujet les demandeurs d’asile, peu nombreuses sont celles qui s’attachent à explorer leur place au sein des régimes de production et de l’organisation du travail des pays d’accueil. La gestion des migrations fait peu de cas du marché du travail local, or le succès d’une demande d’asile dépend précisément de la capacité du candidat à convaincre qu’il n’est pas un « migrant économique » bien que sa motivation soit d’un autre ordre. Penser toutefois les demandeurs d’asile dans un face-à-face unique avec l’État revient à faire des demandeurs d’asile une population d’exception, hors du monde économique et social. Dit autrement, c’est sous-estimer les « fils invisibles » (Karl Marx) qui lient les individus entre eux et qui, par la même occasion, positionnent les migrants au sein de la société « d’accueil » et de son système productif
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