1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Accelerometer-derived movement features as predictive biomarkers for muscle atrophy in neurocritical care: a prospective cohort study
No full textPhysical inactivity and subsequent muscle atrophy are highly prevalent in neurocritical care and are recognized as key mechanisms underlying intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW). The lack of quantifiable biomarkers for inactivity complicates the assessment of its relative importance compared to other conditions under the syndromic diagnosis of ICUAW. We hypothesize that active movement, as opposed to passive movement without active patient participation, can serve as a valid proxy for activity and may help predict muscle atrophy. To test this hypothesis, we utilized non-invasive, body-fixed accelerometers to compute measures of active movement and subsequently developed a machine learning model to predict muscle atrophy
Neue Methoden zum Monitoring der Risikofaktoren und Entstehung der Intensive Care Unit Acquired Weakness
Full text linkKörperliche Inaktivität und die daraus resultierende Muskelatrophie sind bei schwerkranken Patienten weit verbreitet und tragen erheblich zur ICUAW bei.
Dabei machen die hohen Folgekosten, erhöhte Komplikationsraten und schwerwiegenden Langzeitfolgen sowie eine erhöhte 1-Jahres Mortalität die ICUAW zu einem hoch relevantem Forschungsschwerpunkt.
Bislang hat das Fehlen quantifizierbarer Biomarker für Inaktivität die Untersuchung der sonstigen Einflussfaktoren von ICUAW erschwert und die Forschung auf diesem Gebiet verkompliziert.
Außerdem fehlt eine einfache bettseitige Diagnostikmethode, die unabhängig von der Körperzusammensetzung bzw. Körperfettanteil des Patienten oder etwaiger Wassereinlagerung ist und gleichzeitig Aussagen über die generalisierte Muskelatrophie zulässt.
Unsere Hypothese ist, dass aktive Bewegung, gemessen mit nicht-invasiven, am Körper befestigten Beschleunigungsmessern, als zuverlässiger Indikator für das Aktivitätsniveau dienen und zur Vorhersage von Muskelatrophie beitragen könnte. Mit Hilfe von maschinellem Lernen entwickelten wir ein Modell, um diese Hypothese zu testen.
Die 2. Hypothese ist, dass sich der Durchmesser des M. temporalis gemessen im cCT und im Ultraschall als neuer, alternativer Biomarker für die Muskelatrophie bei ICUAW zur Standardmethode (Durchmesser des M. rectus femoris) eignet.
Wir konnten dabei zeigen, dass sich neurologische Intensivpatienten während ihres Aufenthalts auf der Intensivstation weniger als 1 % der Zeit aktiv bewegen und das Aktivitätsniveau bei nur etwa 6 % des Aktivitätsniveaus gesunder Personen liegt. Außerdem konnte unser Modell bestätigen, dass der Anteil der aktiven Bewegung ein messbarer Biomarker für die Vorhersage von Muskelatrophie, während eines Intensivaufenthalts nach 10 Tagen ist.
Außerdem zeigten wir, dass der Durchmesser des M. temporalis gemessen im cCT und im US als einfaches und gut reproduzierbares Instrument zur Erkennung der ICUAW geeignet ist.
Daraus folgende Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis:
Die Einbeziehung von aus Beschleunigungssensoren abgeleiteten Biomarkern verbessert die Vorhersage von Muskelatrophie bei neurologischen Intensivpatienten. Dieser Fortschritt ebnet den Weg für eine bessere Phänotypisierung von ICUAW und unterstützt die Entwicklung maßgeschneiderter Interventionen. Künftige Studien zu ICUAW sollten diese Biomarker als Kovariablen berücksichtigen.
Die Verwendung des M. temporalis als alternativer Messort zur Evaluation der ICUAW sollte unbedingt bedacht werden, insbesondere bei Patienten, bei denen der M. rectus femoris nicht zuverlässig herangezogen werden kann.Physical inactivity and the resulting muscle atrophy are widespread in critically ill patients and contribute significantly to ICUAW.
The high follow-up costs, increased complication rates and serious long-term consequences as well as increased 1-year mortality make ICUAW a highly relevant research focus.
To date, the lack of quantifiable biomarkers for inactivity has hampered the assessment of ICUAW and complicated research in this field.
In addition, a simple bedside diagnostic method that is independent of the patient's body composition or body fat percentage or fluid retention and at the same time allows the approximation of generalized muscle atrophy is lacking
Our hypothesis is that active movement, measured with non-invasive accelerometers attached to the body, could serve as a reliable indicator of activity levels and contribute to the prediction of muscle atrophy. Using machine learning, we developed a model to test this hypothesis.
The second hypothesis is that the thickness of the temporalis muscle is suitable as a new, alternative biomarker for muscle atrophy in ICUAW to the standard method (thickness of the rectus femoris muscle).
We were able to show that neurological ICU patients are active less than 1 % of the time during their stay in the ICU and reach only about 6 % of the activity level of healthy patients.
Furthermore, our model confirmed that the percentage of active movement is a suitable biomarker for the prediction of muscle atrophy after 10 days during an intensive care stay.
Additionally, we showed that the diameter of the temporalis muscle is a simple and reproducible tool for the detection of ICUAW.
Implications for further research and clinical practice:
The inclusion of accelerometer-derived biomarkers improves the prediction of muscle atrophy in neurological intensive care patients. These findings pave the way for better phenotyping of ICUAW and supports the development of customized interventions. Future studies on ICUAW should consider these biomarkers as covariates.
The use of the temporalis muscle as an alternative site for the evaluation of ICUAW should be considered, especially in patients in whom the rectus femoris muscle cannot be utilized reliably
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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