1,721,005 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Prävalenz und Charakteristika chronischer Schmerzen nach intensivmedizinischer Behandlung unter Berücksichtigung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität
Get PDFNach einer Behandlung auf Intensivtherapiestation (ITS) berichten Patienten teils bis zu mehreren Jahren eine Reihe von Folgeerscheinungen, die unter dem Begriff Post Intensive Care Syndrom zusammengefasst werden. Inwieweit chronische ITS-assoziierter Schmerzen (CIAS) in diesem Kontext eine Rolle spielen, wurde bisher kaum untersucht. Im Folgenden sind die wichtigsten Ergebnisse kumulativen Promotion zusammengefasst. 6 Monate nach Entlassung ITS ergab sich eine Gesamtprävalenz von CIAS von 33.2 % (n = 67/202). CIAS gingen mit deutlichen schmerzbedingten Beeinträchtigungen in verschiedenen Lebensbereichen einher. Das Vorliegen einer Sepsis, als massive und generalisierte systemische Entzündungsreaktion, im Akutzeitraum auf ITS nahm keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf das Schmerzgeschehen. Im Rahmen einer Quantitative Sensorische Testung (QST) in einer Subkohorte (n = 84) konnte 6 Monate nach ITS-Entlassung im Vergleich zu gesunden Probanden (n = 44) eine reduzierte Funktion der dünnen myelinisierten (A) und unmyelinisierten Nervenfasern (C-Fasern) nachgewiesen werden. Diese teils deutlichen Kleinfaserdefizite (54.8%, n = 38) waren mit einer spezifischen Erhöhung des Schmerzgeschehens und spezifisch reduzierten gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (HRQOL) assoziiert. In der Analyse potentieller Prädiktoren für das Auftreten von CIAS 6 und 12 Monate nach ITS-Entlassung ergab sich für Frauen, jüngere Patienten, Patienten mit vorbestehenden chronischen Schmerzen sowie erhöhter vorbestehender Angstsymptomatik und Patienten mit Kleinfaserdefiziten ein erhöhtes Risiko. Eine erhöhte Schmerzintensität in den ersten Wochen nach Entlassung von ITS sowie höhere Entzündungswerte (C-reaktives Protein) während des ITS-Aufenthaltes erwiesen sich ebenfalls als prädiktiv. Im Vergleich zu nicht von CIAS betroffenen Patienten berichteten betroffene Patienten in den psychischen, aber vor allem in den physischen Domänen eine signifikant reduzierte HRQOL zu beiden Zeitpunkten
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Schmerzverarbeitung und deren neuronale Mechanismen bei Ausdauersportlern
Get PDFPain perception and pain modulation varies between individuals. For example, pain perception and pain modulation vary extensively between endurance athletes and non-athletes. Compared to non-athletes, endurance athletes perceive noxious stimuli as less painful, and they possess a greater effect of conditioned pain modulation (CPM) which is associated with their weekly training capacity. These two findings indicate a more efficient system of endogenous pain inhibition in endurance athletes. The present Ph.D. project aimed to systematically investigate the processing and, for the first time, the neural mechanisms of pain in endurance athletes. To achieve this aim, the behavioral as well as the neural level of pain processing was compared between endurance athletes and non-athletes in three studies. The first study examined the effectiveness of the endogenous pain inhibition system in endurance athletes and non-athletes by conducting a CPM paradigm and a placebo paradigm. The second study investigated differences in the activation and the functional connectivity of brain regions that are typically activated by nociceptive stimulation during painful heat stimulation using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The third study explored the microstructure of brain white matter using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. The white matter tract of interest was the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), a major white matter tract of the pain system that connects the basal forebrain with the brain stem. The results of each of the three studies confirmed that endurance athletes perceive noxious stimuli as less painful. In summary, the results of the present Ph.D. project provide valuable insights in the neural mechanisms of altered pain processing in endurance athletes and therewith offer a wealth of starting points for future studies and hypotheses. A highly promising hypothesis to follow up is to test whether or not endurance sport could prevent chronic pain
Methodische Herausforderungen der Messung chronischer Schmerzen bei der Durchführung klinischer Studien
Get PDFThe development of pain and the transmission of pain stimuli via the nervous system (nociception) are complex processes that usually occur in the same way. In contrast, sensation as well as perception of pain are subjective and depend, among other factors, on gender-related, sociocultural, and social factors. While the focus is on finding the cause and targeted therapy in acute pain, the original cause is often no longer identifiable in chronic pain. The complexity of chronic pain is challenging both in clinical practice and in pain research. In addition, the subjectivity of pain perception complicates pain diagnostics, especially with regard to the measurement of pain intensity and pain sensitivity. The present thesis addresses the challenges of conducting clinical trials on chronic pain based on the complexity of chronic pain, its diagnosis and recording. Firstly, the current state of research on pain and chronic pain is presented. Based on this, three studies are presented that deal with method-critical aspects in the conduct of clinical studies on chronic pain. The results presented in this thesis are of high relevance and have broad significance for clinical studies of chronic pain. Recommendations are given which are applicable in clinical practice as well as in clinical research on chronic pain
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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