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Polymer nanocomposites in construction industry applications
No full textTämän kandidaatintyön tarkoitus on selvittää polymeeripohjaisten nanokomposiittien käyttöä rakennusteollisuuden kohteissa. Tavoitteena on selvittää polymeeripohjaisten nanokomposiittien nykytilannetta, sekä materiaalin potentiaalia tulevaisuuden käytössä.
Tutkimus on kirjallisuuskatsaus, jossa käytetään tietolähteinä internetistä löytyviä artikkeleita, sekä kirjoja LUT Primosta ja Scopuksesta. Tutkimuksessa keskitytään polymeeripohjaisten nanokomposiittien käyttöön juuri rakennusteollisuudessa.
Polymeeripohjaiset nanokomposiitit tarjoavat merkittäviä etuja rakennusteollisuudessa, kuten korkea lujuus, keveys, hyvä lämmön- ja sähkönjohtavuus sekä erinomainen korroosionkestävyys. Näiden ominaisuuksien ansiosta ne soveltuvat hyvin esimerkiksi betonin vahvistamiseen, eristeisiin ja suojapinnoitteisiin.
Polymeerinanokomposiittien haasteena rakennusteollisuuden kohteissa on materiaalien korkeat kustannukset, tuotannon skaalattavuus ja pitkäaikaisten tutkimusten puute. Näistä huolimatta polymeeripohjaisten nanokomposiittien potentiaali on huomattava ja ne voivat merkittävästi edistää kestävää kehitystä rakennusalalla.The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to investigate the use of polymer-based nanocomposites in construction industry applications. The objective of this study is to examine the current state of polymer-based nanocomposites as well as the material’s potential for future use.
The study is a literature review utilizing sources such as articles and books found on the internet, in LUT Primo, and Scopus. The research focuses specifically on the application of polymer-based nanocomposites in the construction industry.
Polymer nanocomposites offer significant advantages in the construction industry, such as high strength, light weight, good thermal and electrical conductivity, and excellent corrosion resistance. These properties make them well-suited for applications like concrete reinforcement, insulation, and protective coatings.
The challenges of polymer nanocomposites in construction industry applications include the high costs of materials, scalability of production, and the lack of long-term studies. Despite these challenges, the potential of polymer-based nanocomposites is significant, and they can greatly advance sustainable development in the construction industry
Ammattiurheilijoiden tulojen verotukselliset haasteet ja mahdollisuudet
Get PDFOpinnäytetyön tavoitteena on tutkia urheilijoiden verotusta ja optimoida urheilijoille verotus taloudellisesti mahdollisimman kannattavaksi sekä urheilu-uran aikana että sen jälkeen. Aiheen valintaan vaikuttivat kirjoittajan kiinnostus urheilua kohtaan sekä halu auttaa urheilijoita verotuksen haastavissa aihealueissa.
Työssä läpi käydään urheilijoille yksilöidyt kulukorvaus- ja rahastointimahdollisuudet sekä verotuksen tuomat haasteet. Palkintojen, taloudellisten tukien sekä kilpailupalkkioiden vastaanottaminen saattavat aiheuttaa verotuksessa taloudellista menetystä. Tämä työ auttaa löytämään tärkeimmät juridiset säännökset, joilla voidaan vaikuttaa positiivisesti urheilijan tulonmuodostumiseen. Opinnäytetyötä tehdessä havaittiin, kuinka Suomen lainsäädäntö tarjoaa urheilijoille monia tapoja optimoida verotusta uran aikana, jotta ammatti-urheilun parissa toimiminen olisi taloudellisesti järkevää.
Sisältöä opinnäytetyöhän on tuotu oikeuskirjallisuuden, lainsäädännön, verotusesimerkkien sekä ammattijääkiekkoilijan haastattelun kautta. Ammattiurheilijoille yksilöity verotuksen ja tulonmuodostuksen tietopaketti on pyritty luomaan yksinkertaiseen ja ymmärrettävään muotoon.
Tutkimustyön lopputuloksena ei löydetty yhtä ainoaa tapaa urheilijoiden verojen jaksottamiseen ja tulojen ottamiseen. Opinnäytetyö tarjoaa erilaisia mahdollisuuksia tulojen säätelyyn, joista urheilijalla on mahdollista valita omaan tilanteeseen sopivat elementit. Jokainen urheilija on yksilö, jonka tulojen ja verojen optimointiin vaikuttavat elämäntilanne, urheilulaji, vuositulot sekä urheilu-uran kesto. Urheilijoiden kannalta merkittävimmiksi tulojen sääntelyn keinoiksi nousivat kulukorvaukset ja urheilijarahastojen hyödyntäminen. Kulukorvaukset ja muut etuisuudet palvelevat kilpauran aikaista elämää, helpottaen esimerkiksi varustehankinnoissa ja asuntokuluissa. Urheilijarahastot tähtäävät urheilu-uran jälkeiseen elämän, tuoden taloudellista turvaa siirryttäessä tavalliseksi työssäkävijäksi tai opiskelijaksi.The goal of this thesis is to study the taxation of the athletes and to optimize their taxation economically to be as profitable as possible during and after their sport careers. The selection of the topic was affected by the author’s interest into sport and a desire to help athletes with taxation challenges.
The thesis covers taxation challenges related to reimbursement of expenses and sport funding. Receiving awards, financial sponsorship and competition rewards may cause economic loss in taxation. This study helps to find the most important legal regulations which effect positively on athlete’s income. The Finnish legislation offers athletes many options to optimize taxation during the sport career, so that professional sport would be economically sound.
The content of the thesis is based on legal literature, legislation, examples of taxation and interview of the professional ice-hockey player. Information package of taxation and income generation is put into a simple and understandable form for the readers.
As a result of this thesis there wasn’t found a single way to optimize income taxation. The study offers options to control income of which athlete may pick timely the best elements. Each athlete is an individual whose income optimization and taxation is affected by life situation, sport, annual income and duration of the sport career. For the professional athletes the most significant means to manage the income are the reimbursement of expenses and exploitation of the sports funds. The reimbursement of expenses is used during the sport career, for example helping to purchase sport equipment and paying housing expenses. The goal of the sport funds is to secure athletes’ costs of living after the sport career when shifting to normal profession or to student
Julkisen talouden tulojen ja menojen muutosten kokonaistaloudellisista vaikutuksista erityisesti työllisyystyöpolitiikan kannalta
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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