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Produksi enzimatis Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) dengan enzim bromelin serta pemurniannya menggunakan adsorben zeolit
Get PDFOne of the processed coconut products that is beneficial to health and has been widely used as an industrial raw material is VCO. Traditional rural communities and households have produced their own VCO for personal consumption because of its health benefits. However, the production process of VCO which still traditionally produces VCO products with a standard of quality and yield that has not been maximized. The research was carried out by enzymatic method, which added the enzyme bromelain contained in pineapple stem extract into coconut milk. The VCO product obtained was then purified by zeolite adsorbent, and water content and free fatty acid levels were tested. The results showed the highest VCO yield was found at a concentration of 20%, which was 36% and the purification of VCO with adsorbent zeolite was proven to reduce water content and free fatty acid levels with the highest percentage decrease in water content by 66%, and the highest percentage decrease in free fatty acid 63%. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the addition of pineapple stem extract containing the enzyme bromelain in the production of VCO can increase the yield of VCO to a maximum of 35.9% and purification of VCO samples with adsorbent zeolite proven to help reduce water content and free fatty acid levels.Salah satu produk olahan buah kelapa yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan dan telah banyak dijadikan sebagai bahan baku industri adalah VCO. Masyarakat tradisional pedesaan dan rumah tangga telah memproduksi sendiri VCO untuk konsumsi pribadi karena khasiatnya bagi kesehatan. Akan tetapi proses produksi VCO yang masih tradisional menghasilkan produk VCO dengan standar kualitas dan rendemen yang belum maksimal. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode enzimatis, yaitu menambahkan enzim bromelain yang terkandung dalam ekstrak batang buah nanas ke dalam santan kelapa. Produk VCO yang diperoleh selanjutnya dimurnikan dengan adsorben zeolit, dan dilakukan pengujian kadar air dan kadar asam lemak bebas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen VCO tertinggi terdapat pada konsentrasi 20%, yaitu sebesar 36% serta pemurnian VCO dengan adsorben zeolit terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar air dan kadar asam lemak bebas dengan persentasi penurunan kadar air tertinggi sebesar 66%, dan persentasi penurunan kadar asam lemak bebas tertinggi sebesar 63%. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak batang buah nanas yang mengandung enzim bromelain dalam produksi VCO dapat meningkatkan rendemen VCO maksimal sebesar 35,9 % dan pemurnian sampel VCO dengan adsorben zeolit terbukti dapat membantu menurunkan kadar air dan kadar asam lemak bebas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Penurunan kadar BOD dan COD dalam limbah cair laundry menggunakan kombinasi adsorben alam sebagai media filtrasi
Get PDFLaundry wastewater is generated in large quantities will pollute the environment such as rivers and soil if thrown away without any prior treatment. Laundry wastewater treatment methods that have been carried out are easy and inexpensive for household scale and have been proven to reduce levels of organic pollutants. Two parameters that can indicate the presence of organic pollutants in laundry wastewater are Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). This study aims to determine the effect of the use of filtration media in the form of a combination of activated carbon adsorbent, zeolite, silica sand, anthracite and ferolite in reducing levels of BOD and COD in laundry wastewater. Based on the results of laboratory tests on the BOD and COD test parameters, it was found that after the filtration process there was a decrease in the BOD and COD levels in the laundry wastewater samples respectively by 53% and 54%. The results of the statistical analysis also showed that the presence of filtration treatment had a significant effect in reducing levels of BOD and COD in laundry wastewater samples. Thus, it can be concluded that the presence of filtration treatment is proven to significantly reduce BOD and COD levels which can also indicate decreased levels of organic pollutants contained in laundry wastewater.Limbah cair laundry jika dihasilkan dalam jumlah besar akan mencemari lingkungan seperti sungai dan tanah jika dibuang begitu saja tanpa ada pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Telah dilakukan metode pengolahan limbah cair laundry yang mudah dan murah untuk skala rumah tangga dan terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar polutan-polutan organik pencemar lingkungan. Dua parameter yang dapat mengindikasikan keberadaan polutan organik dalam limbah cair laundry adalah Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media filtrasi berupa kombinasi adsorben arang aktif, zeolit, pasir silika, antrasit dan ferolit dalam menurunkan kadar BOD dan COD dalam limbah cair laundry. Berdasarkan hasil uji laboratorium terhadap parameter uji BOD dan COD didapatkan hasil bahwa setelah proses filtrasi terjadi penurunan kadar BOD dan COD dalam sampel limbah cair laundry masing-masing sebesar 53% dan 54%. Hasil analisis statistika pun menunjukkan bahwa adanya perlakuan filtrasi berpengaruh secara signifikan dalam menurunkan kadar BOD dan COD dalam sampel limbah cair laundry. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya perlakuan filtrasi terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar BOD dan COD secara signifikan yang juga dapat mengindikasikan menurunnya kadar polutan-polutan organik yang terkandung dalam limbah cair laundry
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Penggunaan kombinasi adsorben sebagai media filtrasi dalam menurunkan kadar fosfat dan amonia air limbah laundry
Get PDFWastewater of detergent residual that comes from the washing process (laundry) has the potential to pollute environmental sustainability such as rivers and soil if it is thrown away in large volumes without any prior processing. Easy and inexpensive methods for processing laundry wastewater for household-scale have been carried out and proven to reduce levels of pollutants contained in laundry wastewater such as phosphate and ammonia. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of filtration media using a combination of activated charcoal adsorbent, zeolite, silica sand, anthracite and ferolite in reducing phosphate and ammonia levels in laundry wastewater. Based on the results of laboratory tests on the parameters of phosphate and ammonia test, it was found that after the filtration process, there was a decrease in phosphate and ammonia levels in the samples of laundry wastewater by 83.3% and 63.6% respectively. Thus, from the research data, it can be concluded that the filtration media in the form of a combination of adsorbents used in this study proved to be able to reduce phosphate and ammonia levels in samples of laundry wastewater.Air limbah sisa deterjen yang berasal dari pencucian pakaian (laundry) berpotensi mencemari kelestarian lingkungan seperti sungai dan tanah jika dibuang dalam volume yang besar tanpa ada pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Metode pengolahan air limbah laundry yang mudah dan murah untuk skala rumah tangga telah dilakukan dan terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar polutan-polutan yang terkandung dalam air limbah laundry seperti fosfat dan amonia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media filtrasi menggunakan kombinasi adsorben arang aktif, zeolit, pasir silika, antrasit dan ferolit dalam menurunkan kadar fosfat dan amonia dalam air limbah laundry. Berdasarkan hasil uji laboratorium terhadap parameter uji fosfat dan amonia didapatkan hasil bahwa setelah proses filtrasi, terjadi penurunan kadar fosfat dan amonia dalam sampel air limbah laundry masing-masing sebesar 83,3% dan 63,6%. Dengan demikian, dari data hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa media filtrasi berupa kombinasi adsorben yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar fosfat dan amonia pada sampel air limbah laundry
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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