1,829,421 research outputs found
Produksi bio-oil dan bio-arang dari mata kayu industri pulp melalui pirolisis [Production of bio-oil and bio-char from knot in pulp mill through pyrolysis]
Full text linkAcacia mangium knotis one of the biomass reject produced from the wood chemical pulping processes. This raw material is suitable for the production of bio-oil and bio-char in competitive costs. Utilization of the knot for the production of bio-oil and bio-char makes pulp mill as a bio-refining system with many profitable products because of increased income from bio-oil and bio-char and reduced costs for solid waste disposal. This study aims to evaluate the pyrolysis of knots from the kraft pulp mill to produce bio-oil and bio-char. Pyrolysis experiments of Acacia mangium knotwere carried out using laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactors at 400oC for 30 minutes. Acacia mangium knot contains volatile matterof 69.90% (dried basis) with a calorific value of 4279 kcal/kg (dried basis) has potency to produce bio-oil through the pyrolysis process. The TG-DTG analysis with heating rate of 10oC/min showed the pyrolysis reaction at temperature of 200oC-750oC resulting in a mass decreasing from 90% to 30% or around 85% of total conversion. The yield of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis was about 47%. Bio-oil contains high various organic compounds and dominated by acetic acid (21%) and 2-propanone (28%), and produced bio-char with a calorific value of 5763 kcal/kg (dried basis). Bio-char products could be used as a solid fuel in the combustion process or gasification process
Soda-formaldehyde as pretreatment agent for cottonwood chemimechanical pulp
No full textEffect of soda and formaldehyde as pre-treatment chemicals during the chemimechanical pulping (CMP) of Populus deltoides have been studied. When the two chemicals are used in a mixture for cooking in one or two stages, the pulp has low strength properties, but when the chemicals are used in two separated stages the pulp become stronger although with lower brightness. For a same stage, increments in the formaldehyde quantities reduce the strength properties of the pulp but increase its brightness; increments in temperature seem not affect significatively the breaking length, but the tear index is increased notoriously and the brightness and the light scattering coefficient are reduced considerably. By using a 4% hydrogen peroxide in two bleaching steps, a final brightness of 67.7% is obtained. With the use of formaldehyde during the obtention of CMP from cottonwood, considerably thermal brightness stability is observed, but only a low light stability
Biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry : 8th ICBPPI /
No full textThis book covers both basic and applied sciences in a rather specified area of pulp and paper manufacture. The basic science of lignocellulose enzymology and plant genetics is covered also in many other contexts, whereas the application of biotechnology in process and product development is thoroughly reviewed. All the latest advances as well as new ideas of the research field are covered. This book will serve as an updated and compact information package of biotechnical aspects and the most recent advances of the pulp and paper industry sector.This book covers both basic and applied sciences in a rather specified area of pulp and paper manufacture. The basic science of lignocellulose enzymology and plant genetics is covered also in many other contexts, whereas the application of biotechnology in process and product development is thoroughly reviewed. All the latest advances as well as new ideas of the research field are covered. This book will serve as an updated and compact information package of biotechnical aspects and the most recent advances of the pulp and paper industry sector.Includes bibliographical references and index.Trends in pulp and paper biotechnology -- Biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry. A challenge for change -- Chapter 3. Alterations of lignin biosynthesis have tissue-specific impact on cell wall formation -- Cellulases: Agents for fiber modification or bioconversion? The effect of substrate accessibility on cellulose enzymatic hydrolyzability -- Lignocellulose oxidation by low molecular weight metal-binding compounds isolated from wood degrading fungi: A comparison of brown rot and white rot systems and the potential application of chelator-mediated Fenton reactions -- Dislocations and balloon swelling in spruce kraft pulp fibres -- Effect of cellulases, xylanase and laccase/HBT -- Recent developments in biopulping technology at Madison, WI -- Attempts to correlate biopulping benefits with changes in the chemical structure of wood components and enzymes produced during the wood biotreatment with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora -- Fungi as potential assisting agents in softwood pulping -- N-Hydroxy mediated laccase biocatalysis: recent progress on its mechanism and future prospect of its application -- Metal-activated laccase promoters -- Protease mediated processing of a Cu-induced laccase in Pleurotus ostreatus: a natural approach to improve protein stability -- Reactivity of high and low molar mass lignin in the laccase catalysed oxidation -- The effect of oxidation with single electron oxidants compared to laccase treatment of TMP wood fibres -- Studies on inactivation and stabilization of manganese peroxidase from Trametes versicolor -- Delving into the fundamental LMS delignification of high-kappa kraft pulps -- Elucidating of effects of laccase on the physical properties of high-kappa kraft pulps -- New developments in enzyme-assisted delignification and bleaching -- In vivo and in vitro biobleaching of unbleached hardwood kraft pulp by a marine fungus, Phlebia sp. MG-60 -- Potential of laccases in softwood-hardwood high-yield pulping and bleaching -- Pilot plant bleaching trials with laccase and mediator -- Flax pulp bleaching and residual lignin modification by laccase-mediator systems -- Biomimetic pulp bleaching with copper complexes and hydroperoxides -- Enzymatic degradation of oxalic acid for prevention of scaling -- Expression of thermophilic xylanases in fungal hosts -- Evaluation of bleach-enhancing effect of xylanases on bagasse pulp -- Boosting of LMS bleaching with hemicellulases -- Mill usage and mechanistic studies of xylanase to enhance bleaching -- Enzymatic control of dissolved and colloidal substances during mechanical pulping -- Enhancement of TMP reject refining by enzymatic modification of pulp carbohydrates -- A mill study -- Improved papermaking by cellulase treatment before refining -- The effects of recombinant Cellulomonas fimi [beta]-1,4-glycanases on softwood Kraft pulp fibre and paper properties -- Enzyme treatments for improved retention in newsprint stocks -- Potential of enzymatic deinking.Print version record.Electronic reproduction.Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.digitizedElsevie
Soda-formaldehyde as pretreatment agent for cottonwood chemimechanical pulp
No full textEffect of soda and formaldehyde as pre-treatment chemicals during the chemimechanical pulping (CMP) of Populus deltoides have been studied. When the two chemicals are used in a mixture for cooking in one or two stages, the pulp has low strength properties, but when the chemicals are used in two separated stages the pulp become stronger although with lower brightness. For a same stage, increments in the formaldehyde quantities reduce the strength properties of the pulp but increase its brightness; increments in temperature seem not affect significatively the breaking length, but the tear index is increased notoriously and the brightness and the light scattering coefficient are reduced considerably. By using a 4% hydrogen peroxide in two bleaching steps, a final brightness of 67.7% is obtained. With the use of formaldehyde during the obtention of CMP from cottonwood, considerably thermal brightness stability is observed, but only a low light stability
The use of reed canary-grass (Phalaris arundinacea) as a short fibre raw material for the pulp and paper industry
Full text linkThis thesis describes the use of delayed harvested reed canary-grass (Phalaris arundinacea) as a short fibre raw material for the pulp and paper industry. This study examines the following aspects of reed canary-grass: quality, transportation, storage, refining of the raw material by dry fractionation, chemical pulping, bleaching and paper production. The delayed harvesting method of reed canary-grass produces an economically and environmentally sustainable short fibre raw material for the pulp and paper industry. The ash content and fibre properties of reed canary-grass depend on soil type and growing location. The yearly variation in fibre yield and fibre properties is also considerable. There is, however, a potential for minimising quality variations by choosing reed canary-grass varieties suitable to a specific growing location. The leaf and leaf sheath content of reed canary-grass also affects the quality of the pulp. These quality variations can be eliminated by dry fractionation, a method that removes the unwanted parts of the grass. These unwanted parts can be used as a valuable bio-fuel raw material. Transport of reed canary grass after fractionation can be improved by briquetting, a method that doubles the transport capacity of reed canary-grass compared to that of birch logs on a fibre basis. High quality short fibre chemical pulp can be produced from reed canary-grass. The whole process from grass production to pulp production has been demonstrated successfully in full scale. Bleached reed canary-grass pulp can be used in products such as fine paper and white-top liner paper
Learning and Corporate Strategy: The Dynamic Evolution of the North American Pulp and Paper Industry, 1860-1960
Full text linkThis study analyzes the long-term evolution of the North American pulp and paper industry, and offers a new synthesis of the dynamic forces that spearheaded the expansion and transformation of this large manufacturing industry. The evolution of the North American pulp and paper industry between 1860 and 1960 was driven by successive waves of technological learning that spawned structural change. Such waves transformed and expanded the sulphite and sulphate pulp, envelope, paper container, paper bag, magazine and printing paper, coated paper, board, and many other pulp and paper industries between 1860 and 1960. These waves repeated a pattern of co-evolution of technology and industrial organization that enveloped dynamic forces of change, such as innovation, corporate strategies, industrial relocation, and policy. As distinct branches of the pulp and paper industry passed from the early nascent phase to full maturity, the sources of innovation, nature of technological change, strategy and structure of leading firms, and industrial organization underwent throughout transformation. As these waves of industrial change passed from a nascent phase to maturity, the reciprocal dynamics between organization, corporate strategy, policy, and technological learning co-evolved, and established the evolutionary path of the North American pulp and paper industry.Pulp and paper industry; Innovation; Technological Change; Technological learning; United States; North America;
Dental pulp derived mesenchymal stromal cells
No full textThis book presents an evaluation of stem cells from human dental pulp as a reliable stem cell source for cell-based therapy to stimulate tissue regeneration.? In this thoroughly updated and expanded second edition, the author covers mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biology, various sources of MSCs, and the therapeutic potential of MSCs. Tooth regeneration, dental pulp-derived MSC, and the therapeutic potential of dental pulp derived stem cells is also covered. This is an essential resource for students, faculty, and researchers in academia and industry working on dental pulp stem cells. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2013, 2024. All rights reserved
Pulp literature: a re-evaluation
Full text linkThe purpose of this dissertation is to redress the literary academy?s view of Pulp Literature as an inconsequential form, which does not merit serious contemplation, or artistic recognition. Although it is true that recent literary criticism has attempted to elevate the importance of Pulp by positing it as the natural postmodern 'other' to 'high' literature, the thesis demonstrates how this dichotomy has proven to be counter-productive to its aim. That is, although this theoretical approach does invite legitimate investigation of the form, many academics simply use this technique to reinforce their claims for the superiority of so-called 'canonic' texts. Therefore, rather than continuing along this downward path, this thesis focuses more on the subversive machinations of Pulp Literature as a social, economic, political, and theoretical force with its own strategies and agendas, opening with an investigation of the history of Pulp Literature as a cultural form.
I argue that, from its very conception with the invention of the printing press in the fifteenth century, Pulp has always offered a radical alternative to the mainstream by providing a voice for the marginalised and the oppressed in the societies of the world. The thesis traces this political role as the aesthetic evolves into the new forms and technologies of a contemporary culture, where many academics still refuse to acknowledge Pulp as an important agent for the transmission of ideological views, and an impetus to instigate social change. The concluding arguments move away from the quantitative, to the more theoretically evaluative section of the thesis. This consists of a discussion of the conceptual boundaries surrounding the aesthetic of Pulp, broaching such subjects as literary evaluation, canonicity, and canon formation. This debate ultimately revolves around the question, 'if literary theorists cannot 'objectively' determine what literary 'quality' is, then how can we hope to define Pulp?'
In an attempt to answer this question, the thesis juxtaposes the criteria of a number of literary theorists from this field of inquiry, namely, Thomas R. Whissen, Clive Bloom, Thomas J. Roberts, Harold Bloom, Andrew Calcutt and Richard Shephard, to formulate an aesthetic that is not only markedly different to their's, but more significantly, one which situates Pulp Literature at the head of the literary academic table
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION STRUCTURE OF THE CANADIAN PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY : 1961-1996
Full text linkA translog cost function with factor inputs of capital, labor, energy and materials was estimated for the Canadian pulp and paper industry over the period of 1961 to 1996. The results show that, the production technology can not be specified by a Cobb-Douglas production function and it is not Hicks- neutral. It was found out that, the industry is characterized by labor-saving and capital, energy and materials-using technical change. The estimated production function indicated the existence of economies of scale, although the size of the scale is not as large as those estimated for the European Union and the United States pulp and paper industries. Estimates for Allen's elasticities of substitution show that, all the factor inputs were found to be highly substitutable among each other. In addition, estimates for price elasticities were found to be sensitive to a change in their own price and relatively speaking, the demand for capital was found to be more responsive to changes in prices of energy and materials and the demand for materials was also found to be sensitive to changes in price of labor and energy.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
Policy vs. Consumer Pressure: Innovation and Diffusion of Alternative Bleaching Technologies in the Pulp Industry
Full text linkIn the late 1980s and early 1990s, concern over dioxin in both paper products and wastewater led to the development of techniques that reduced the use of chlorine in the pulp industry. Both regulatory and consumer pressure motivated this change. We use patent data to examine the evolution of two completing bleaching technologies in five major paper-producing countries, both of which reduce the use of chlorine in the pulping process. By the end of the 1990s, nearly all pulp production in these countries used one of these technologies. Unlike other papers using patents to study environmentally-friendly innovation, we focus on a process innovation, rather than on end-of-the-pipe solutions to pollution. Moreover, while previous studies emphasize the importance of regulation for inducing innovation, here we find substantial innovation occurring before regulations were in place. Instead, pressure from consumers to reduce the chlorine content of paper drives the first round of innovation. However, while some companies choose to adopt these technologies in response to consumer pressure, not all firms will differentiate their product in this way. Thus, governments need to regulate if their goal is broad diffusion of the environmental technology.
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