175 research outputs found
RNA graanulite uurimus inimese neuroblastoomi SH-SY5Y rakuliinis
No full textWe aimed to establish a protocol for the purification of neuronal RNA granules from all-trans retinoic acid differentiated human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Different bio-chemical purification methods were tested for obtaining a homogenous preparation of RNA granules for later structural analysis by cross-linking coupled mass-spectrometry or single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The major problem encountered was a significant amount of copurifying cellular glycogen granules in the RNA granule preparations obtained by a combination of velocity sedimentation and size-exclusion chromatography. However, a ma-jority of the contaminating glycogen could be removed from the RNA granule preparations using a maltose-binding protein (MBP) or artificial FLX protein based Ni-Sepharose or Flag-resin affinity chromatography. Besides, changes in the expression levels of mRNAs im-portant for neuronal differentiation and synaptic function upon SH-SY5Y differentiation were analyzed. A western blot analysis revealed the presence of key RNA granule compo-nents previously identified in rat cortical RNA granules (e.g. CAPRIN-1, G3BP-1, and G3BP-2) in the SH-SY5Y derived RNA granules.
In estonian: Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks oli välja töötada meetodid inimese luuüdikasvajast pärit SH-SY5Y rakuliini kasutamiseks in vitro mudelsüsteemina neuronaalsete RNA graanulite ekspressiooniks ja puhastamiseks. Töö käigus testiti erinevaid biokeemilise puhastamise meetodeid võimalikult homogeense RNA graanulite preparatsiooni valmistamiseks retinoolhappe toimel differentseeritud SH-SY5Y rakkudest hilisemaks RNA graanulite struktuuri analüüsiks ristsidumise massispektromeetria või krüo- elektronmikroskoopia abil. Peamiseks raskuseks osutus töös glükogeeni graanulite kaasapuhastumine RNA graanulitega. RNA graanulite esialgse preparaadi täiendav puhastamine maltoosi siduva valgu või tehisvalgu FLX afiinsusresinil (Ni-sefaroos või Flag, vastavalt) võimaldas siiski kontamineerivat glükogeeni edukalt eemaldada. Töö käigus analüüsiti lisaks retinoolhappe poolt indutseeritud differentseerumisega kaasnevaid muutusi neuronaalsete mRNA-de ekspressioonitasemes SH-SY5Y rakkudes. Western blot analüüs tuvastas roti ajukoorest eraldatud RNA graanulitele omaste oluliste RNA graanuli funktsiooni regulerivate valkude nagu Caprin-1, G3BP-1 ja G3BP-2 olemasolu SH-SY5Y rakkudest eraldatud RNA graanulites
Bakteri ribosoomide uurimus keemilise modifitseerimise meetoditega
No full textVäitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Ribosoom on suur makromolekulaarne kompleks, mis kodeerib päriliku informatsiooni valgulisse olemusse. Eeltuumsete organsimide ribosoom koosneb kaheks alamühikust, väikesest (30S) ja suurest (50S) alamühikust. Ribosoomi kahte alamühikut hoiavad koos ~ 30 erinevat ühendust, mis on jagatud 12 silla (B1a-B8) vahel. Väike alamühik koosneb ühest RNA molekulist (16S rRNA, 1542 nukleotiidi) ja 21-st ribosoomi valgust (S1-S21). Ribosoomi suur alamühik koosneb kahest RNA molekulist (5S rRNA, 120 nukleotiidi ja 23S rRNA, 2904 nukleotiidi) ja 33-st ribosoomi valgust (L1-L36).
Minu töös uuritakse ribosomaalse RNA keemiliste positsioonide olulisust ribosoomi kahe alamühiku omavahelisel seonumisel. Keemilise modifitseerimise meetodit kasutades detekteerisime 16S rRNA-s kuus positsiooni (A702, A1418, A1483, U793, U1414 ja U1495), millede modifitseerimine takistab alamühikute assotseerumist. Detekteeritud positsioonid paiknevad tuntud alamühikute vahelistes sildades. Seega alamühikute assotsiatsioonil mängivad olulist rolli sillad B2a (U1495), B2b(U793), B3 (A1418, A1483, U1414) ja B7a (A702).
Lisaks sellele töötasime välja meetodi, millega saab uurida RNA suhkur-fosfaat selgroo interaktsioone 23S rRNA-s. Välja töötatud meetodit on võimalik kasutada RNA suhkur-fosfaat selgroo interaktsioonide uurimiseks, substraatide sidumiskohtade määramiseks ja individuaalsete positsioonide mõju määramiseks valgusünteesi erinevates etappides.
Kolmandas töös uuritakse ribosoomi valkude võimet välja vahetuda ja selle tulemusena taastada keemiliselt kahjustatud ribosoomide funktsioon. Ribosoomis välja vahetuvate valkude kindlaks tegemiseks, me kasutasime kahte in vitro meetodit, nii radioaktiivset märgistamist kui ka raskete isotoopide eristamise meetodit. Ribosoomi valgud S2, L1, L7/12, L9, L10, L11 ja L33 on kõige kergemini vahetuvad r-valgud. Seega, meie tulemused näitavad, et kahjustatud ribosoome on võimalik parandada valkude asendamise teel.The ribosome is a macromolecular assembly that is responsible for protein biosynthesis following genetic instructions in all organisms. The prokaryotic ribosome contains about two-thirds RNA and one-third protein and consists of two subunits, the larger (50S) of which is approximately twice the molecular weight of the smaller (30S). Prokaryotic ribosomes contain ~54 different proteins, 23S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and 5S rRNA.
Two ribosomal subunits are held together by more than 30 individual intersubunit interactions spread among 12 bridges (B1-B8). Using modification interference approach we were able to identify 6 essential 16S rRNA positions for subunit association. Modification of the N1 position of A702, A1418, and A1483 with DMS, and of the N3 position of U793, U1414, and U1495 with CMCT in 30S subunits strongly interferes with 70S ribosome formation. Five of these positions localize into previously recognized intersubunit bridges, namely, B2a (U1495), B2b (U793), B3 (A1483; A1418), and B7a (A702). These four intersubunit bridges are essential for reassociation of the 70S ribosome, thus forming the functional core of the intersubunit contacts.
In order to study RNA backbone interactions in the ribosome, we combined different assays like in vitro T7 transcription, in vitro 50S reconstitution and primer extension to generate a reliable approach to study RNA backbone interactions of the large ribosomal subunit by using phosphorothioate approach. This phosphorothioate-substitution approach is suitable for footprinting of various ligand-ribosome complexes and for functional studies in the modification interference assay.
In addition, because the ribosome is made of many individual proteins, we studied the ability of ribosomal proteins to exchange and restore the function of damaged ribosomes. Incubation of chemically inactivated ribosomes with total ribosomal proteins led to reactivation of translational activity. Ribosomal proteins S1, S2, L1, L7/12, L9, L10, L11 and L33 are among the most readily exchangeable proteins. The results show that the damaged ribosomes can be repaired by mean of protein exchange
Escherichia coli 16S rRNA positsioonid, mis mängivad olulist rolli 70S ribosoomi assotsiatsioonis
No full textTRIVIALITY IN BOOKS WRITTEN BY ARTO PAASILINNA
No full textPOVZETEK
V diplomskem delu Trivialnost v delih Arta Paasilinne je bilo proučevano predvsem dejstvo, da knjige z visoko naklado in popularnostjo nekega avtorja samodejno uvrščamo v triviano književnost in jim je s tem dana oznaka majnvrednosti.
V uvodnem delu diplomske naloge so podani podatki o življenju in delu avtorja, v nadaljevanju pa strokovne razlage literarnih pojmov, kot so: satira, pikareskni, pustolovski, komični in družbeni roman, humor in trivialnost. Vsi ti literarni pojmi se odražajo v delih avtorja, ki so analizirana v jedrnem delu naloge.
V jedernem delu naloge je podana analiza devetih del avtorja, ki so bila prevedena v slovenščino (Gozd obešenih lisic, Tuleči mlinar, Zajčje leto, Očarljivi skupinski samomor, Dedu za petami, Župnikov zverinski služabnik, Srečni človek, Rešitelj Surunen in Prikupna struparka). Analiza del se osredotoča predvsem na elemente trivialnosti, ki so analizirani po Miranu Hladniku in Alojziji Zupan Sosič. Najpomembnejši trivialni elementi so: estetska istovetnost, simplifikacija in monosemičnost. Poleg trivialnih elementov pa je v delih posebej podana še analiza najreprezentativnejših humornih elementov.
Skozi analizo del pridemo do sklepa, da se v vseh avtorjevih delih trivialni elementi, kamor spadata predvsem poenostavljenost zgodbe, stil pisanja in nekateri elementi pustolovskega romana, pravzaprav prepletajo z netrivialnimi, ki so tematika del in značilnost glavnih oseb iz roba družbe.ABSTRACT
The diploma thesis Triviality in books written by Arto Paasilinna is based on the fact that books with high edition numbers and popularity of the author are automatically classified as formula fiction and also marked as inferior literature.
The introductory part of the diploma thesis introduces some information about author\u27s life and work which is followed by commentary on literary genres such as satire, picaresque, adventure, comic and social novelhumour and formulaicity. All those literary concepts are reflected in the author\u27s works which are analysed in the main body.
In the main body the analysis of nine author\u27s works which are translated into Slovene (The Forest of the Hanged Foxes, The Howling Miller, The Year of the Hare, A Charming Mass Suicide, Looking for Grandfather, Reverend Huuskonen\u27s Beastly Manservant, The Happy Man, Saviour Surunen and The Sweet Poison Cook) is presented. Analysis is focused mainly on the elements of formulaicity, which are analysed according to Miran Hladnik and Alojzija Zupan Sosič. The most important elements of formulaicity are: aesthetics of identicalness, simplification and monosemy. Furthermore, analysis of the most important elements of humour is presented.
The conclusion reached through the analysis is that in all author\u27s books the elements of formulaicity as plot simplification, style and some elements of adventure novel are actually interwoven with the elements that are nonformulaic, which are the theme and main characters from the edge of society
Seeing Program Output Improves Novice Learning Gains
No full textFunding Information: We are grateful for the grant from the Ulla Tuominen Foundation to the first author. We would also like to thank Chad Mano for including the pilot study in his course. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Owner/Author.In this article, we report results from a randomized controlled trial where novice programmers completed code mimicking exercises - writing and modifying code shown to them - designed to help learn the basics of how variables work. Using a tailored code writing system with feedback on program correctness, we conducted a two-group design study where only one of the groups could see the program output and feedback on the correctness of the program they wrote, while the other group just saw feedback on correctness. Learning gain was measured using a code-reading multiple choice questionnaire as both a pretest and a posttest. Our data suggests that being able to see program output leads to higher learning gains for novices, when compared to just being able to see feedback on the correctness of the code. For more experienced students, we observed benefits from code mimicking in both groups, without a strong distinction between being able to see the output and not being able to see the output. Based on our experiment, we recommend that environments used by novices for learning programming should encourage - or even require - running the code before allowing submitting the program for assessment.Peer reviewe
National Regulation of Satellite Ground Stations : A Global Comparison
No full textGround stations play a key role in space ecosystems by enabling communications with satellites. Due to the increasing number of LEO satellites, the number of ground stations is also growing. However, legislation and regulations related to ground stations have fallen behind due to this rapid development. Furthermore, different countries have varying regulations for ground stations, making it difficult for firms operating ground stations to establish and conduct successful global operations. In this study, we employ a qualitative approach to collect data and compare ground station regulations in 20 different countries. Based on our findings, we categorize regulations into specific, general, and hidden categories and explain their impact on ground station operations. Secondly, we highlight the possibilities for foreign operators to act and establish ground stations in different countries. Thirdly, we emphasize the need for harmonizing regulations globally.© 2024 The Author(s). This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed
Increasing the market penetration of manufactured green buildings: a research proposal
No full textThis conceptual paper provides a desk-top study of secondary sources to outline a robust program of research to increase the market penetration of high quality green buildings produced in advanced manufacturing facilities. The environmental benefits of such buildings are investigated, a theoretical approach to understanding the drivers of best practice is outlined and a field work method is proposed to understand the dynamic capabilities that support leading manufacturers. An extended sociotechnical systems view of the firm is developed to guide a program of international case studies. This paper makes a theoretical contribution to the understanding of firm performance in an important empirical setting. Future research by the author will involve execution of the described research program. A limitation of the paper is that the effectiveness of the proposed theory and methods is yet to be tested empirically
Teksto kaip vaizdo perteikimas Arto Spiegelmano grafinio romano „Maus“ vertime į lietuvių kalbą
No full textThis article contributes to the multimodal investigation of comics translation, a highly semiotic activity. The author discusses the visual representation of the text as an image through a case study of the Lithuanian translation of Art Spiegelman’s graphic novel MAUS (translated into Lithuanian by Juškienė and Lempert, 2012). While viewing multimodality as a translation tool and a challenging area, he claims that the visual representation of the text is an integral part of the original multimodal event, whereby the meaning is conveyed through an intrinsic relationship between verbal and non-verbal elements, and that any distortion of those would result in alterations or losses in meaning. The results demonstrated that indeed even the smallest alterations of the visual representation of the text produced shifts in meaning; most of those shifts were pragmatic ambiguities, however, in certain instances there was a loss of semantic emphasis or narrative production. Comics translators and publishers are thus urged to fully comprehend the very dynamic and complex nature of multimodal texts and make every effort to ensure that translation would not result in any multimodal disruptions, if such preservation is technologically available.Straipsnyje aptariamos amerikiečių rašytojo Arto Spiegelmano grafinio romano „Maus“ vertimo į lietuvių kalbą multimodalumo problemos, didžiausią dėmesį skiriant tam, kaip vertimo tekste interpretuojamos ir perteikiamos teksto kaip vaizdo grafinės ypatybės, kurios multimodalumo aplinkoje kartu su verbaliniais ir kitais, neverbaliniais, elementais kuria naratyvo reikšmę. Pateikus multimodalumo vertimo teorijoje apžvalgą ir bendruosius komiksų vertimo bruožus aptariama, kaip grafiniai teksto pakeitimai prisideda prie reikšmės nuokrypių, įvertinamas tokių nuokrypių reikšmingumas perteikiant prasmę vertimo tekste
Arto Paasilinna: Humour as a means of presenting problems of the (Finnish) society
No full textArto Paasilinna je najbolj prevajan finski avtor, ki slovi po svojih humorističnih romanih. Diplomsko delo raziskuje, kako avtor s pomočjo humorja v svojih delih predstavlja konkretne družbene probleme, in podrobneje obravnava teoretične značilnosti humorja nasploh. Znotraj te obravnave osvetljuje pojme ironije, sarkazma, satire in črnega humorja. Skuša ugotoviti, kako uporaben je lahko humor kot sredstvo družbene kritike. V nadaljevanju se osredotoči na humor, ki ga v svojih romanih Zajčje leto in Očarljivi skupinski samomor uporabi Paasilinna. Podrobneje raziskuje tri teme, ki so obravnavane v obeh romanih – Finska in njen politični sistem, samomor in alkoholizem. Pri vsaki posamezni temi so predstavljeni podatki o realni situaciji na Finskem. V razpravo so vključeni tudi primeri iz romanov. Vse tri teme lahko povežemo s slovenskim družbenim stanjem, kar še dodatno poveča zanimivost in poučnost obeh del.Arto Paasilinna is the most widely translated Finnish author, famous for his humorous novels. The thesis explores the author\u27s presenting concrete social problems in his works with the help of humour. It deals in detail with the theoretical characteristics of humour in general. Within this discussion it throws light on the concepts of irony, sarcasm, satire and black humour. It tries to find out how useful humour as a means of social critique can be. Further on it focuses on the humour, used by Paasilinna in his novels The Year of the Hare and A Charming Mass Suicide. It explores three topics in detail, dealt with in both novels – Finland and its political system, suicide and alcoholism. Each of the individual topics presents information on the realistic situation in Finland. The discussion also includes examples from the novels. All three topics can be connected with the social state in Slovenia, which makes both works even more interesting and educative
Rakuvaba valgusünteesi rakendamine inimese neuroblastoomi SH-SY5Y rakuliinis
No full textBakalaureuse töö eesmärk oli luua inimese neuroblastoomi rakuliini SH-SY5Y kasutades
mudelsüsteem erinevate RNA-d siduvate valkude ja komplekside uurimiseks, et neid oleks
võimalik välja puhastada ja kasutada struktuuribioloogilistes uuringutes. Töö käigus töötati
välja metoodika SH-SY5Y rakuliinist translatsiooniekstrakti eraldamiseks ning ekstrakte
kasutades leiti in vitro valgusünteesiks K
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, Mg2+ ja mRNA optimaalsed tingimused.
Tulemustest selgus, et G3BP-2 seostus mRNA külge ja ei oma endonukleaasset aktiivsust.
Valgud G3BP-2 ja Caprin-1 langetasid koosmõjul valgusünteesi aktiivsust rohkem kui ainult
G3BP-2-te kasutades, seejuures Caprin-1 valgusünteesile märgatavat mõju ei avaldanud.
Western Blot meetod näitas, et translatsiooniekstraktile lisatud G3BP-2 ja Caprin-1 olid
üleesindatud 40S subühikuid sisaldavas fraktsioonis
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