3 research outputs found
The Effects of Calcinations Temperature on the Activation of Natural Zeolite Sumbermanjing Wetan Malang Regency the Number of Active Sites, crystallinity and pore size. Thesis, Department of Chemistry and Science, State University of Malang
No full textABSTRAK Widodo, P. P. 2011. The Effects of Calcinations Temperature on the Activation of Natural Zeolite Sumbermanjing Wetan Malang Regency the Number of Active Sites, crystallinity and pore size. Thesis, Department of Chemistry and Science, State University of Malang. Advisors (1) Drs. Ridwan Joharmawan, M.Si (2) Drs. Ida Bagus Suryadharma, M.S. Keywords: Zeolite, Activation, Calcination, Number of Active Sites, crystallinity and pore size. Zeolite is a porous crystalline aluminosilicate mineral that consists of three components, namely the framework silica-alumina, exchanged cations and water in three-dimensional framework. Zeolite is used as catalysts, molecular filters, adsorbents and ion exchangers that are influenced by the number of active sites, crystallinity and pore of size. To improve the ability of natural zeolite needs activation process. One of zeolites activation process is a process of calcination. The purpose of the study was to find out the calcination temperature effect on the activation of natural zeolite Sumbermanjing Wetan Malang Regency to the number of active sites, crystallinity and pore size. Experimental research conducted at the Laboratory of Chemistry, State University Malang and Corrosion Laboratory of Thermochemistry and Chemical Engineering Surabaya Institute of Technology 10 November. The study consisted of five stages: (1) sample preparation stage, (2) the activation phase of natural zeolite, (3) test number of active sites, (4) test crystallinity phase and (5) pore size of the test phase. Natural zeolite is used from Sumbermanjing Wetan Malang Regency with size 100-200 mesh. The activation process is done natural zeolite chemistry and physics. The activation process of natural zeolite made by reacting chemically with the acid of natural zeolite (1% HF and 6M HCl) and salt 1M NH4NO3. The activation process of natural zeolite in physics done by varying the calcinations temperature of 650ºC, 700ºC, 750ºC, 800ºC and 850ºC for 5 hours. Then the tested samples of the number of active sites done by measuring the total solid acidity of zeolite, test the crystallinity by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and pore size test with a Quantachrome NovaWin. The results showed that the activation of natural zeolite from Sumbermanjing Wetan Malang Regency with calcinations temperature influences (1) The number of active sites as indicated by the value of total solid acidity of zeolite. Highest Number of active sites on the samples calcined at a temperature of 800°C is 4.117 mmol/g and the lowest number of active sites on the sample Z-ALAM is 1.372 mmol/g. (2) highest crystallinity in the samples calcined at a temperature of 850°C were shown at the highest intensity and small FWHM values and crystallinity of the lowest in the sample Z-ALAM. In addition, different mineral forms of mordenite, Clinoptilalite and quaetz syn produced and (3) The size of large pores in the samples calcined at a temperature of 800°C was 34,336 Å and smaller pore size on the sample Z-ALAM is 31,626 Å
Evaluasi Implementasi JKN pada Studi Kasus Layanan Operasi Caesar Di Provinsi Jawa Timur (Evaluation of the JKN program implementation: a case study of sectio caesarean in East Java Province, Indonesia)
No full textTingginya pembiayaan untuk prosedur layanan kesehatan tertentu termasuk operasi seksio menjadi ditengarai menjadi penyebab defisit anggaran JKN pada periode 2015 - 2020. Selain itu, berbagai studi menemukan bahwa adanya pemanfaatan layanan operasi caesar yang tidak perlu pada kelompok tertentu, sekaligus tidak tersedianya akses ke pelayanan operasi caesar pada kelompok masyarakat lainnya. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus layanan operasi seksio di Jawa Timur, penelitian ini mengkaji aspek ekuitas dari implementasi JKN. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menganalisis data survei Pemerintah (SUSENAS dan RISKESDAS) serta data sampel BPJS 2015 – 2018. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk proporsi dan absolut. Studi ini memberikan gambaran bahwa telah terjadi ketimpangan utilisasi layanan operasi caesar berdasarkan segmen kepesertaan di mana 86% pelayanan operasi caesar dinikmati oleh segmen kepesertaan PPU dan PBPU dibandingkan dengan segmen sasaran utama program JKN yaitu segmen PBI. Selain itu, layanan dokter spesialis kebidanan dan kandungan hanya terkonsentasi di wilayah kotamadya di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Sistem single pool dan belum optimalnya tanggung jawab pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah dalam pemerataan fasilitas kesehatan di Jawa Timur telah menjadikan masyarakat miskin Jawa Timur justru mensuplai golongan yang mungkin tidak perlu mendapatkan bantuan akses ke layanan kesehatan, termasuk layanan operasi caesar. The increasing trend in section caesarean procedure has been associated with the deficit of health insurance program in Indonesia. Previous studies highlighted that both underutilisation and overutilisation of SC procedure are present. Using SC as a case study, this research analyzes the equity of the implementation of the Indonesia Health Insurance Program, namely JKN. This study used a quantitative approach to analyse the government survey ( SUSENAS and RISKESDAS) and the data sample of BPJS. This study provides an inequity in SC services where 86% of the SC procedure were used by the secondary target of the NHI program, PPU and PBPU group compared to the targeted group, the PBI. Besides, there is a gap in the distribution of the obstetric gynaecologists, where most of the doctors are in the city. To conclude, the existing single pool system and suboptimal role of national and local government to provide more equitable access to health facility have widen the inequality as currently the poor is supplying the wealthier groups, including access to SC procedure
