359 research outputs found
Polyphony and the anxiety of influence in the fiction of Henry James
No full textJames's fiction, especially in the Middle Phase, centres
on the figure of the artist and is characterized by, the two
interrelated aspects which previous criticism has largely
overlooked: the Bakhtinian 'polyphonic' -creation of
'author-thinkers'; and the conflict between ephebes and
precursors, for which Harold-Bloom's concept of 'the-anxiety of
influence' is the most illuminating model. Polyphony is the
narrative mode, and influence is the intra-artistic, theme.
These, as the Introduction to the thesis makes clear, are
rehearsed in James's inaugural novel, Roderick Hudson. Rowland
Mallet is an author-thinker, and his failure is caused by
authorial limitations. His monologism -is impaired by his
mistaking empathy for the authorial sympathy. Likewise,
Hudson's failure does not arise from a mercurial temperament,
but from a polyphonic shortcoming: not possessing the power of
fiction to contain the fiction of power in, his mentor. And the
relationships among the three artists - Gloriani, Hudson and
Singleton - perfectly exemplify the Bloomian-theme. It is these
two concepts, polyphony and influence, which are the major
preoccupation in the Middle Phase; as, the works chosen
demonstrate. These are a novella, a novel, and a number of
short stories all of which have been unjustifiably neglected.
Chapter One, on The Aspern Papers, argues that Tina Bordereau,
far from being, the artless victim seen by many critics,
actually challenges and defeats the narrator by the very form
of her narrative. Her 'realist' discourse undermines his
language of 'romance', and shows up its internal unstability.
Chapter Two is an extensive study of the critical reception of
The Tragic Muse. The most common areas of critical attention
have been its contemporary topicality, its relation to previous
novels on similar themes, and the possible genealogy of Gabriel
Nash. Those have all missed the core of the work. - Chapter Three
demonstrates how polyphony and the anxiety of influence make
the novel what it really is. Influence arises from the
juxtaposition of, and the wrestling between, artistic ephebes
and their precursors (Nick and Nash,, Miriam and Madame Carre).
The dialogic quality defined by Bakhtin is crucial to the
proper, and even-handed, characterization of all, the conflicts
in the novel. And since most of James's tales in the eighties
and nineties -are about 'masters - and acolytes, the anxiety of
influence remains central. Chapter Four is a study of 'The
Author of Beltraffiol' and 'The Lesson of the Master'. Again the
characters' manipulations are a crucial focus in a way that
G6rard Genette's terminology helps to illuminate. The fact that
the ephebe is the author-thinker emphasizes the inextricability
of the Bakhtinian and the Bloomian in James. Just as
polyphony offers a different focus for explicating the poetics
of James's fiction; so the ephebal conflict provides the basis
for a fresh perception of James's own artistic struggle
Austin Papers: Series IV, 1831-1834
No full textCopy of transcript for a letter to Stephen F. Austin, in which the author both provides a reference for Henry B. Prentiss, and asks Austin to introduce Prentiss to friends and business contacts in Bexar, Matamoras, Saltillo, Zacatecas, and Mexico
'The picturesqueness of his accent and speech': Methodist missionary narratives and William Henry Pierce's autobiography
No full textThe chapter, "'The picturesqueness of his accent and speech': Methodist missionary narratives and William Henry Pierce's autobiography" was written by Gail Edwards (Douglas College Faculty). Christian missions and missionaries have had a distinctive role in Canada's cultural history. With Canadian Missionaries, Indigenous Peoples, Alvyn Austin and Jamie S. Scott have brought together new and established Canadian scholars to examine the encounters between Christian (Roman Catholic and Protestant) missionaries and the indigenous peoples with whom they worked in nineteenth- and twentieth-century domestic and overseas missions.
This tightly integrated collection is divided into three sections. The first contains essays on missionaries and converts in western Canada and in the arctic. The essays in the second section investigate various facets of the Canadian missionary presence and its legacy in east Asia, India, and Africa. The third section examines the motives and methods of missionaries as important contributors to Canadian museum holdings of artefacts from Huronia, Kahnawaga, and Alaska, as well as China and the South Pacific.
Broadly adopting a postcolonial perspective, Canadian Missionaries, Indigenous Peoples contributes greatly to the understanding of missionaries not only as purveyors of western religious values, but also as vehicles for cultural exchange between Native and non-Native Canadians, as well as between Canadians and the indigenous peoples of other countries.book chapterPublished
O. Henry Collection
No full textO. Henry, whose real name was William Sydney Porter, was an American author of short stories. His works are remembered for their wit and wordplay, and often feature surprise endings, as seen in his Christmas story, "The Gift of the Magi."
O. Henry was born in North Carolina in 1862. He moved to Texas in 1882 and to Austin in 1884. He was employed in a variety of jobs throughout his life: pharmacist, draftsman, bank teller, and journalist. He wrote stories in his spare time and sent submissions to newspapers and magazines. From 1887 to 1891 he worked as a draftsman in the Texas General Land Office, drawing maps. He later worked as a teller at the First National Bank in Austin, where some discrepancies in bookkeeping led to him being accused of embezzling funds.
After a move to Houston in 1895, he was convicted of embezzlement and sent to prison. He served his sentence from 1898 to 1901, but continued writing and sending stories to publishers. He first adopted his O. Henry pseudonym with the publication of "Whistling Dick's Christmas Stocking" in December 1899. After his release from prison until his death in 1910, O. Henry lived in New York City. He wrote nearly 400 short stories in this period, including more than a year's worth of weekly stories for the New York World Sunday Magazine.
The O. Henry collection includes the handwritten, 47-page manuscript for a short story, "The Venturers," in addition to several smaller manuscripts and drawings. Some of these were written for his daughter, Margaret. Also present are two photostats of map decorations from O. Henry's time at the General Land Office. The collection also contains both outgoing and incoming letters. Correspondents include his wives (Athol Estes Porter and Sara Coleman Porter), members of the Roach family (Athol's parents), Robert Underwood Johnson, and others.
This collection was digitized as part of Project REVEAL (Read and View English & American Literature)
The 'true use of reading' : Sarah Fielding and mid eighteenth-century literary strategies.
No full textPhDThe aim of this thesis is to explore, by examining her life and
works, how Sarah Fielding (1710-68) established her identity as an author.
The definition of her role involves her notions of the functions of
writing and reading.
Sarah Fielding attempts to invite readers to form a sense of ties
by tacit understanding of her messages. As she believes that a work
of literature is produced through collaboration between the writer and
the reader, it is an important task in her view to show her attentiveness
toward reading practice. In her consideration of reading, she has two
distinct, even opposite views of her audience: on the one hand a familiar
and limited circle of readers with shared moral and cultural values and
on the other potential readers among the unknown mass of people. The
dual targets direct her to devise various strategies. She tries to
appeal to those who can endorse and appreciate her moral values as well
as her learning. Her writings and letters testify that she is sensitive
to the demands of the literary market, trying to lead the taste of readers
by inventing new forms.
The thesis opens with an overview of Sarah Fielding's career,
followed by a consideration of her critical attention to the roles of
reading. I go on to examine the narrative structures and strategies
she deploys, with a particular emphasis on her use of the epistolary
method. The following chapter deals with her attention to the reading
of the moral message tangibly embodied in her educational writing. It
is followed by an analysis of the activity which earned her a reputation
as a learned woman. Various as the forms of her works are, they invariably
reflect her attempt to balance herself between the two demands of
inventiveness and familiarity
How to Author a Walk: Henry David Thoreau’s and Mary Austin’s Regional Narratives of Environmental Learning
No full textOver the course of the last decade, Mary Austin has been recanonized as a regionalist woman writer and as an author in the Thoreauvian tradition of American nature writing. As a regionalist, Austin is thought to represent a female dominated branch of realist writing, given over to a feminist celebration of communal ways of life and “woman’s culture.“ A representative instance is her inclusion in the Norton Anthology American Women Regionalists“ (1992)
How to Author a Walk : Henry David Thoreau's and Mary Austin's Regional Narratives of Environmental Learning
No full textOver the course of the last decade, Mary Austin has been recanonized as a regionalist woman writer and as an author in the Thoreauvian tradition of American nature writing. As a regionalist, Austin is thought to represent a female dominated branch of realist writing, given over to a feminist celebration of communal ways of life and "woman’s culture." A representative instance is her inclusion in the Norton Anthology American Women Regionalists (1992).publishe
A reading of Thoreau's walking as a travel narrative
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente.This thesis analyzes Henry David Thoreau's essay "Walking," first published after his death in 1862, with respect to the history of the United States and European travel accounts in Imperial times. Attentive reader of European nature writers and explorers, Thoreau was recalled by poets and literature writers, and also became celebrated by the field of environmental studies, being referred as founder of ecology. Thoreau's walks in wilderness, accounted in "Walking," contradict and at the same time endorse the means through which the United States people were running west at the time: he frequently goes in the same direction, but shows no hurry to get at any place, and calmly searches for what is "holy" along the path. Thoreau's emphatic discourse against private property confronts the main United State's principles, while the author creates his figure as a hero of the individual rebelliousness, a defendant of his own way to walk. Like in other travel accounts where the narrator finds himself in an uncivilized space, the "I," who is the hero of the narrative, sees his western horizon as empty of culture, a place to be founded, this time, upon a new mythology grounded on nature. "Walking" is read here as a transcendental manifesto about movement and perception that is much related to the history of its composition and to its readings since then. Esta dissertação analisa o ensaio "Walking", de Henry David Thoreau, publicado após sua morte em 1862, sob a ótica dos relatos de viagens europeus de tempos imperiais e da história dos Estados. Leitor atento de narrativas de viagens e textos naturalistas Europeus, Thoreau foi retomado por poetas e também celebrado no campo dos estudos ambientais, sendo considerado por estudiosos da área como fundador da ecologia. Suas caminhadas na natureza selvagem relatadas em "Walking" contradizem e ao mesmo tempo reiteram os meios pelos quais os Estados Unidos avançavam à oeste naquele tempo: apesar de Thoreau frequentemente caminhar na mesma direção, ele não demonstra ansiedade em chegar à algum destino específico, mas busca calmamente aquilo que aos seus olhos pode ser sagrado ao longo do caminho. O discurso enfático de Thoreau contra a propriedade privada confronta os princípios morais de seu país, ao passo que Thoreau se promove como o herói símbolo da rebeldia individualista, um defensor da sua própria maneira de caminhar. Como em outras narrativas de viagem onde o narrador se vê em território não-civilizado, o "eu", herói da narrativa, enxerga seu horizonte à oeste como um espaço vazio de cultura onde uma nova mitologia, desta vez baseada na natureza, está para ser fundada. "Walking" é lido aqui como um manifesto transcendental sobre movimento e percepção que está intrinsecamente ligado à história de sua composição e à suas leituras desde então
Cladorhiza evae Lundsten & Reiswig & Austin 2014, sp. nov.
No full textCladorhiza evae sp. nov. Figs. 10–12 Type material. Holotype: CASIZ 192773; MBARI sample D399-A4a; collected by ROV Doc Ricketts April 28, 2012, in the newly found Alarcon Rise hydrothermal vent field, east of Cabo Pulmo, BCS, Mexico; latitude: 23.37753, longitude: -108.53125, depth: 2299 m. Paratypes: MBARI sample D399-A4b (CASIZ 192774) and c (CASIZ 192775); collected by ROV Doc Ricketts April 28, 2012, in the newly found Alarcon Rise hydrothermal vent field, east of Cabo Pulmo, BCS, Mexico; latitude: 23.37753, longitude: -108.53125 bottle-brush filament arrangement, depth: 2299 m. Type locality. Alarcon Rise hydrothermal vent field, east of Cabo Pulmo, BCS, Mexico. Etymology. Named in honor of Eve Lundsten, beautiful wife of the first author whose commitment and support have endured through the years. Eve’s love for the Gulf of California also inspired this naming as the type specimen was collected in the deep sea, east Cabo Pulmo, Baja California Sur, Mexico, near where we honeymooned in 2006. Diagnosis. Cladorhizidae unbranched, with three size classes of megaslere styles and four microsclere categories including sigmas of two size classes, contort sigmancistra, and unguiferate anisochelae. Description. A stipitate sponge with filaments arranged in four or five discreet longitudinal rows, with valleys or depressions between rows (Fig. 10A–E). All three specimens with partial rhizoids (Fig. 10D); filaments long and fragile on specimens a (holotype) and b (paratype), shorter on the smaller and, presumably, younger, c (paratype). Holotype: 18.7 cm long, 3.2 mm wide at base, filaments up to 1.97 cm long. Paratypes: (b) 17.9 cm long, 3.4 mm wide at base, filaments up to 1.8 cm long, (c) 13.7 cm long, 1.7 mm wide at base, filaments up to 5.4 mm long. White in situ and in preserved state. Spicules. Large styles 1 (Fig. 11A, Table 1) fusiform, straight, often with pointed end rounded, found throughout: L 2243 ± 460 µm (n=13). Large style 2 (Fig. 11B) fusiform, straight, often with pointed end rounded, found throughout: L 1224.36 ± 432.3 µm (n=263), W 26.13 ± 11.07 µm (n=50). Large style 3 (Fig. 11C) fusiform, straight, often with pointed end rounded, found throughout, however, smaller styles more abundant in filaments: L 825 ± 132.7 µm (n=21). Sigma 1 (Fig. 11D) robust, not contort, nor sigmancistroid; abundant in filament and axis: L 170.35 ± 9.7 µm (n=170). Sigma 2 (Fig. 11E) most 15° contort, some 90° contort, few flat, abundant in filament and axis: L 72.08 ± 11.76 µm (n=111): Sigmancistras (Fig. 12A) 90° contort, abundant in filament and axis: L 42.3 ± 2.3 µm (n=50). Multidentate unguiferate anisochelae (Fig. 12B) five teeth on head and three on foot, abundant in filaments and axis: L 22.6 ± 1.6 µm (n=50). Habitat and associated fauna. Cladorhiza evae was collected from an inactive hydrothermal chimney that was covered in hydrothermally altered sediment. Galatheid and bythograeid crabs were observed in close proximity to C. evae on this inactive chimney. Nearby active chimneys had much richer communities of organisms with dense populations of siboglinid worms, galatheid and bythograeid crabs, and Thermarces sp., a zoarcid fish. Average depth of observation was 2373 m (±154; n=8), oxygen concentration was 1.54 ml/L (±0.27; n=8), and temperature averaged 2.02 °C (±0.23; n=8). Numerous crustacean prey were observed in various states of decomposition on C. evae (Fig. 4F–G). Remarks. Of the thirty-six other species of Cladorhiza currently recognized (Lopes and Hajdu, 2013; van Soest et al., 2013), C. evae differs from even the most similar in spicule size classes and suites. For example, C. evae differs from C. rectangularis (Ridley and Dendy, 1887) in having greater style width, larger sigmas of two size classes, and the presence of a sigmancistra. Cladorhiza linearis (Ridley and Dendy, 1887) differs from C. evae in having larger styles (to 3000 µm), small, non-contort sigmas of one size class, and larger anisochelae. Cladorhiza septemdentalis (Koltun, 1972) has smaller styles, larger anisochelae, and smaller sigmancistras than C. evae. Similarly, C. thompsoni (Topsent, 1909) has smaller styles, larger anisochelae, and no sigmancistras. Cladorhiza segonzaci (Vacelet, 2006) has smaller styles, sigmas, and sigmancistras. Cladorhiza evae differs from C. caillieti in the presence of a large (~ 2500 µm) size class of megascleres, a single size class of anisochelae, and no small, thin, contort sigmas.Published as part of Lundsten, Lonny, Reiswig, Henry M. & Austin, William C., 2014, Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific, pp. 101-123 in Zootaxa 3786 (2) on pages 116-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3786.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/491340
Cladorhiza caillieti Lundsten & Reiswig & Austin 2014, sp. nov.
No full textCladorhiza caillieti sp. nov. <p>Figs. 7–9</p> <p> Type material. <b>Holotype:</b> CASIZ 194449; MBARI specimen D266-A1d; collected by ROV <i>Doc Ricketts</i> August 1, 2011, at Endeavor Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent field, Canada; latitude: 47.95685, longitude: -129.08485, depth 2071 m. <b>Paratypes:</b> MBARI specimen D266-A1a (CASIZ 192776),b (CASIZ 192777),c (CASIZ 192778); collected by ROV <i>Doc Ricketts</i> August 1, 2011, at Endeavor Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent field, Canada; latitude: 47.95685, longitude: -129.08485, depth 2071 m.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Endeavor Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent field, Canada.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named in honor of Gregor M. Cailliet, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories for his contributions to ichthyology and deep-sea biology and for providing mentorship and inspiration to graduates of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, including the first author.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Cladorhizidae unbranched, with bottle-brush filament arrangement, two size classes of fusiform megasleres, four microsclere types including flat sigmas in two size classes, a third, thin, contort sigma, a sigmancistra, and two size classes of unguiferate anisochelae.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> A stipitate sponge with bottle-brush filament arrangement (Fig. 7A–C). One collected specimen with partial rhizoid (Fig. 7D); three others broken but assumed to have had rhizoid as well. <b>Holotype:</b> 7 cm long, 2.1 mm wide, filaments up to 1.72 cm long (Fig. 7C left & D). <b>Paratypes</b> (a) 9.13 cm long, 2.6 mm wide at base, (b) 8.7 cm long, 2.3 mm wide at base; specimen, (c) 5.4 cm long (appears broken), 3.6 mm wide at base. Long, fragile filaments, up to 1.72 cm long, which break off easily. White in situ and in preserved state.</p> <p>Spicules. Large styles 1 (Figs. 8A, Table 1) fusiform, straight, often with pointed end rounded common in axis and filament: L 1371.58 ± 104.91 µm (n=155), W 34.38 ± 6.92 µm (n=155). Large style 2 (Fig. 8B) fusiform, straight more abundant in filament and rhizoid: L 807.22 ± 174.02 µm (n=237), W 18.04 ± 5.62. Large style 3 (Fig. 8C) non-fusiform, straight common throughout but more abundant in filaments and rhizoid: L 381.9 ± 87.04 µm, W 10.74 ± 2.14 µm (n=103). Sigma 1 (Fig. 8D) robust, “flat back”, common in filaments, rare in axis: L 160.1 ± 11.87 (n=105). Sigma 2 (Fig. 8E) flat, small abundant in filaments but rare in axis: L 95.58 ± 18.55 µm (n=89). Sigma 3: (Fig. 9A) thin, contort common in axis, filaments, and rhizoid: L 96.17 ± 16.61 (n=60). Sigmancistras (Fig. 9B) small, contort abundant in filaments and axis: L 44.05 ± 2.28 µm (n=150). Multidentate unguiferate anisochelae typically five teeth on head, 3–4 teeth on foot, abundant on filaments and axis. Anisochelae in two size classes: anisochelae 1 (Fig. 9C): L 33.98 ± 2.24 (n=150); anisochelae 2 (Fig. 9D): L 18.88 ± 1.67 (n=150).</p> <p> <b>Habitat and associated fauna.</b> <i>Cladorhiza caillieti</i> was observed and collected on the Endeavor Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge where lava flows had very little sediment cover, if at all. They were often observed in a downward facing position, hanging from the underside of overhanging ledges of basalt (Fig. 7A–B). Other organisms observed in this community included Primnoidae and <i>Swiftia</i> sp. of Gorgonacea, <i>Anthomastus</i> sp. of Alcyonacea, serpulid polychaete worms, comatulid crinoids, and numerous unidentified species of sponges. Average depth of observation was 2149 m (±172; n=5), oxygen concentration was 1.46 ml/L (±0.11; n=5), and temperature averaged 1.87 °C (±0.05; n=5). Numerous crustacean prey were observed in various states of decomposition on <i>C. caillieti</i> (Fig. 4E).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Thirty-six other species of <i>Cladorhiza</i> are currently recognized (Lopes and Hajdu, 2013; van Soest <i>et al.</i>, 2013) from sublittoral (110 m) to hadal (7295 m) depths. <i>Cladorhiza caillieti</i> differs from all other <i>Cladorhiza</i> in several ways including having different shape and two size classes of anisochelae, three different sigmas (including large flat-backed sigmas, smaller smooth sigmas, and even smaller thin, contort sigmas), and one size of sigmancistra. <i>Cladorhiza caillieti</i> differs from <i>C. evae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (described below) in spicule size classes and types. <i>Cladorhiza caillieti</i> has two size classes of anisochelae, the presence of a small, contort sigma, and nonfusiform small styles.</p>Published as part of <i>Lundsten, Lonny, Reiswig, Henry M. & Austin, William C., 2014, Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific, pp. 101-123 in Zootaxa 3786 (2)</i> on pages 112-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3786.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4913404">http://zenodo.org/record/4913404</a>
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