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قبیلہ ثقیف اور شہر طائف: ایک علمی و تاریخی مطالعہ: The Thaqif Tribe and The City of Taif: A Scientific and Historical Study
No full textThe Thaqif tribe and the city of Taif hold significant importance in the political history of pre-Islamic and early Islamic Arabia. The Thaqif tribe, known for its warrior culture, resided in Taif, a prosperous city located near Mecca. Taif was a key economic and strategic center due to its fertile lands and its control over important trade routes. Politically, the Thaqif tribe was strong and maintained independence in pre-Islamic times. During the rise of Islam, the tribe resisted the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) message and took part in conflicts against the Muslims, including the Battle of Hunayn. Despite initial resistance, Taif was eventually besieged by Muslim forces, though it remained defiant until 9 AH (630 CE) when the Thaqif tribe finally embraced Islam. After accepting Islam, the Thaqif tribe became integrated into the Islamic state and played a role in the expanding Islamic empire. The city of Taif continued to grow in importance during the Caliphate era, both as a trading hub and as a strategic military post. The political history of the Thaqif tribe and Taif reflects the broader transitions in Arabia during the emergence of Islam, from independent tribal politics to integration within a unified Islamic polity
Tort Penalty on the Judge, in the Light of Legal Maxims and Pakistani’s Laws= جج پر ضمان: فقہی قواعد اور پاکستانی قانون میں تطبیق
No full textA judge should be honest, transparent, free and fair. He should always respect law. The question arises that if a judge who disrespects law and makes unbalanced decisions: as a result of which people get affected then will he or she be penalized? The Ḥanafi Scholars opine that if a judge passes a wrong decision intentionally, he should be penalized from his own property. Because in Islamic jurisprudence, judiciary owns a supremacy over the masses and everyone irrespective of the position is equal and has to obey law. Whether he is a judge or a commoner, he has to follow the rules and regulations as prescribed by law. In practice, Pakistani judges are not held responsible for making a wrong verdict. Our judges make judgments on the basis of already manipulated evidence. A judge bars himself from the responsibility of collecting evidence. Similarly, if a judge has developed personal grudges with the criminal then the criminal reserves right of appealing the higher court where the decision is reviewed and rectified. In such situation, there is a compulsion between the legal maxim "وَالْأَصْلُ عَدَمُ الضَّمَان" and the Pakistani laws. However, Ḥanafi jurisprudence and Pakistani Laws are not in accordance with each other. This study concentrates upon the nature of punishment and tort to be applied on judges in case of making a decision based on falsehood. It is suggested that Pakistan’s Judiciary should be reread as that the already in-practice system does not comply with the standards of Islamic teachings
عہد نبویﷺ میں نقیبوں و عریفوں کا نظام ہیئت ترکیبی، تشکیل اور نظائر و امثلہ: The System of Naqeebs and Areefs in the era of the Prophet (ﷺ): Composition, Structure and Analogies
No full textIn the era of the Prophet ﷺ, the system of Naqeebs and Areefs was an important part of creating an orderly and fair social structure. This system was created to ensure the welfare and discipline of the people. This system of ``Areef'' existed in the Jahiliyyah period and was maintained with some changes in duties during the Prophet's reign. The“Areef”was represented on the basis of small constituencies and neighborhoods, and his responsibilities were limited to regional and elementary levels. were He used to look after the rights and duties of the people of his neighborhood or area and kept the Naqeeb (chieftain) informed In every tribe, one Areef was appointed for ten people. Generally, an experienced, intelligent and wealthy person from the tribe was chosen as Areef, who could not only look after the affairs of the people of his circle, but also protect the rights of the people of his circle in dealings with other parties and tribes. On the contrary, Naqeeb's responsibilities were more extensive. He represented at country and national level. A Naqeeb was appointed for every ten Areefs. The system of Nuqaba was present among the Arabs, but it is also mentioned in the earlier periods. Put an end to people's conflicts and differences, be fully aware of people's situations. Also keep the government informed about their conditions and needs. Keep informing the government about the abilities of especially talented and talented people, so that the government can benefit from their skills and abilities. On the occasion of Bayat al-Aqba, Imam al-Mutaqeen ﷺ also informed them of their duties
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
معجزہ کی تفہیم: اصول ومبادی کا تحقیقی جائزہ: The Understanding of Miracles: A Research Review of Foundational Concepts
No full textAllah Almighty created humanity for the purpose of worship and appointed prophets for their guidance. This chain of prophethood continued from Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), who is regarded as the Seal of the Prophets. With his arrival, this chain of prophethood came to an end. Since Allah chose prophets from among humankind, when individuals who appeared similar to people made claims of prophethood, it was only natural for them to demand evidence for the truthfulness of such claims. To affirm the validity of these claims and to highlight the greatness of the prophets, Allah manifested extraordinary events through them, which are known as miracles. In religious literature, the miracles of the prophets hold particular significance. This is why various aspects of these miracles have been discussed in all Islamic sources. In this research paper, I have focused on the fundamental issues related to the understanding of miracles, aiming to shed light on the definitions, conditions, and synonyms of miracles as articulated by both early and later scholars. This analysis will not only help in adopting a comprehensive stance in light of differing opinions but also clarify the importance of this topic and familiarize readers with the research conducted on it
تفسیر ملا علی قاری : تعارفی، تجزیاتی و اسلوبیاتی مطالعہ: Tafsir Mullah Ali Qari: Introductory, Analytical and Stylistic Study
No full textTafseer (Commentary) is the attempt to reach the divine meaning with the word of Quran. In this process, thinkers have been trying from the age of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) to the present time. Mullah Ali Qari Alhravi, a person of an extraordinary importance in the study of Hadith, is a renowned figure in learned community. Generally, you are known as a specialist of Hadith science with reference to your famous works, annotation of Mishkaat-ul-Masabeeh, Mirqaat-ul-Mafateeh and Al-Maudua'at. While you are also noticeable in Quranic Sciences.. He, along with study of Hadith, also worked on Tafseer of the Holy Quran. This tafseer is a great treasure house of apparent and hidden meanings. This is a fine example of Tafseer Bil_mathoor and Bil_Ray_Mahmood )Ishari). Along with the Holy Quran, the Hadith, sayings of Sahaba and Tabaeen, and the sayings of great ancient scholars and Sufis are also qouted in it. Your scholarly endeavour shows a clear glimpse of sufisim, dictionary, recitation, word, literature, jurisprudence, rhetoric. Which is nowhere to be seen colliding with artifacts . In this article, the methods and styles of multifaceted interpretation will be revealed.
Key Words . Tafseer Bil_mathoor and Bil_Ray_Mahmood )Ishari), Mirqaat-ul-Mafateeh and Al-Maudua'at , sufisim, Tafseer Mulla Ali Qari( Anwar Ul Quran wa Asrar Ul Furqan )
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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