1,345 research outputs found
Confecção de fibras de micro-extração em fase sólida (spme) e aplicaçao na determinação de produtos da degradação térmica do poli(propileno)
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Quimica.Confecção de fibras de vidro modificado recobertas com poli(butil acrilato) para uso em micro-extração em fase sólida (SPME) e comprovação de sua eficiência através de extrações de uma mistura aquosa de ésteres de ftalato. Aplicação da técnica de SPME para a determinação dos produtos da degradação térmica do poli(propileno) e comparação com os resultados obtidos através da técnica de infravermelho
On the rank of the flat unitary summand of the Hodge bundle
No full textLet be a non-isotrivial fibred surface. We prove that the
genus , the rank of the unitary summand of the Hodge bundle
and the Clifford index satisfy the inequality . Moreover, we prove that if the general fibre is a plane curve of degree
then the stronger bound holds. In particular,
this provides a strengthening of the bounds of \cite{BGN} and of \cite{FNP}.
The strongholds of our arguments are the deformation techniques developed by
the first author in \cite{Rigid} and by the third author and Pirola in
\cite{PT}, which display here naturally their power and depht.Comment: 19 pages, revised versio
Antropometría de una muestra de población escolar de Cholula, Puebla.. Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Num. 54 Tomo VI (1976) Séptima Época (1967-1976)
No full textBonfil, G. 1973 Cholula. La ciudad sagrada en la era industrial. Serie Antropológica, 15, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, UNAM. México.Comas, J. 1966 Manual de Antropología Física. Serie Antropológica, 10, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, UNAM. México.Faulhaber, J. 1961 El crecimiento en un grupo de niños mexicanos, en Investigaciones Antropológicas, Núm 5, INAH. México.Graber, T. M. 1969 Desarrollo craneofacial y de la dentición, en Desarrollo humano (Coordinador F Falkner). Edit Salvat.Lagunas, Z. Algunos índices cefálicos en la población juvenil del área de Cholula, Pue (en prensa).López Alonso, S. y R. M. Ramos. Ensayo sobre antropometría nutricional en población infantil de Cholula, Pue (en este mismo volumen).López Alonso, S. et al. 1970 Datos preliminares sobre investigaciones de la Sección de Antropología Física, Proyecto Cholula (Coordinador I Marquina), en Serie Investigaciones, Núm 19, p 143-152, INAH. México.Martin, R. y K. Saller. 1959 Lehrbuch der Anthropologie, Vol 2. Stuttgart.Müller, F. 1970 La cerámica de Cholula, Proyecto Cholula (Coordinador I Marquina), en Serie Investigaciones, Núm 19, p 129-142.Müller, F. 1970 Publicaciones producidas en el Hospital Infantil de México durante los primeros 25 años de labores, en Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México, Vol XXVII (suplemento 5). México.Salvat. Ramos Galván, R. 1969 Tablas antropométricas, en Desnutrición en el Niño. México.Romero, J. 1970 Estudio socioeconómico de la juventud masculina de la región de Cholula, Proyecto Cholula (Coordinador I Marquina), en Serie Investigaciones. Núm 19, p 243-247, INAH. México.Serrano, C. 1971 Los dermatoglifos digitales de la población masculina de Cholula, Pue, en Anales del INAH, T II, 7a época, p 59-66. México.Serrano, C. 1973 Acerca de las investigaciones somatológicas realizadas en la población del valle de Cholula, Pue, en Comunicaciones, Proyecto Puebla-Tlaxcala, Núm 18. Puebla, México
Verdad geográfica de los humedales en La Araucana de Alonso de Ercilla
No full textAlonso de Ercilla's work has been an object of analysis from numerous points of view, specially literary, historical and even patriotic, but scarcely there exist studies of his geographical reality. To refilling this hollow I propose to contribute some information, with special support in the treatment that the author realizes of the wetlands or higrocoras.La obra de Alonso de Ercilla ha sido objeto de análisis desde numerosos puntos de vista, especialmente los literarios, históricos e incluso patrióticos, pero apenas existen estudios de su realidad geográfica. A rellenar este hueco me propongo aportar algunos datos, con especial hincapié en el tratamiento que el autor realiza de los humedales o higrocoras
MMIC packaging using Flip-Chip technology at G band
No full textFront-end Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMICs) have recently become commercially available for frequencies above 100 GHz. However, achieving low-loss and broadband interconnections between the antenna and MMICs is challenging for integrated front ends at these frequencies. This thesis presents the characterization of a flip-chip interconnection used for an integrated front end at 150 GHz (G-band) with an on-package leaky-wave dual lens antenna. Two paths for the front-end integration have been proposed. The first path adopts CPW transmission lines on 500 μm-thick fused silica and provides easy assembly and seamless flip-chip capabilities. The second uses microstrip transmission lines on 50 μm-thick fused silica and provides lower transmission line loss but a challenging assembly and flip-chip interconnection. In this thesis, a path toward microstrip and CPW flip-chip interconnections has been outlined at the high millimeter-wave frequencies. Two-port test structures using CPW transmission lines were developed, adopting a double Thru-Reflect-Line calibration and allowing for accurate extracting of the interconnection response. The final interconnection to the MMICs has been realized using a via-less CPW to microstrip transition with high impedance transmission line S11 matching compensation. The simulated S11 and S22 are below -12 dB, Ohmic loss below 0.6 dB, radiation loss below 0.4 dB, and transmission line losses around 0.15 dB/mm.Electrical Engineering | Wireless Communication and Sensin
ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE POUR L'OBTENTION DU GRADE DE DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES PAR
No full textinformaticien diplômé de l'Université de Genève de nationalité suisse et originaire de Collonge-Bellerive (GE) acceptée sur proposition du jury: Prof. A. Schiper, directeur de thès
Somewhere between the Colonial and the Postcolonial: An Interview with Gibraltarian Author M. G. Sanchez
No full text[eng] Gibraltar, the British territory located at the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula, is frequently in the news but often confuses outsiders with its political and cultural complexity. Is it a colony, or is it self-governing? What is its relationship to its much larger neighbour across the border, Spain? Is there a Gibraltarian way of thinking? In this interview the Gibraltarian writer and novelist M. G. Sanchez—who has spent the last twenty years expounding on the contradictions and idiosyncrasies at the heart of modern-day Gibraltarian identity—discusses borders, Brexit, coloniality, and hybridity, as well as his latest novel, Gooseman (2020), and his 2018 travelogue, Bombay Journal
PRÉSENTÉE À LA FACULTÉ INFORMATIQUE ET COMMUNICATIONS ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE POUR L'OBTENTION DU GRADE DE DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES
No full textingénieur informaticien diplômé EPF de nationalité suisse et originaire de Luzein (GR) acceptée sur proposition du jury: Prof. A. Schiper, directeur de thès
Ceriodaphnia smirnovi Alonso & Neretina & Ventura 2021, sp. nov.
No full textCeriodaphnia smirnovi sp. nov. (Figs. 4–13) Ceriodaphnia quadrangula.— Alonso 1996: 196–198, figs. 86–87. Ceriodaphnia cf. quadrangula.— Ghaouaci et al. 2018: 416. Ceriodaphnia sp. — Marrone et al. 2019: 174, tab. 2. ? Ceriodaphnia quadrangula.— Brehm 1954: 339. Etymology. This new species is named after Prof. Nikolai N. Smirnov who passed away recently. He was Principal Scientist of the Laboratory for Ecology of Aquatic Communities and Invasions (A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution,the Russian Academy of Sciences).He made a significant contribution to the development of zoological studies in the USSR and Russia and had a significant impact on zooplankton research in other countries. Type locality. Lucio del Cangrejo, Doñana National Park (37.031586°N; 6.276917°W), Huelva, Spain, coll. M. Alonso, January 2019. Type material. Holotype. Adult ephippial female in 4% formaldehyde deposited at the collection of MNCN (accession number: 20.04/12449). The label of holotype is: “ Ceriodaphnia smirnovi sp. nov., 1 eph. ♀. Lucio del Cangrejo, Parque Nacional Doñana, Huelva, España, Holotipo ”. Allotype. Adult male in4%formaldehyde deposited at the collection of MNCN (accession number:20.04/12450). The label of allotype is: “ Ceriodaphnia smirnovi sp. nov., 1 ♂. Lucio del Cangrejo, Parque Nacional Doñana, Huelva, España, Alotipo ”. Paratypes. Nine undissected parthenogenetic females, 10 undissected males,10 undissected ephippial females in 4% formaldehyde deposited at the collection of MNCN (accession numbers: 20.04/12451-20.04/12479). The label of the paratypes is: “ Ceriodaphnia smirnovi sp. nov. Lucio del Cangrejo, Parque Nacional Doñana, Huelva, España, Paratipos”. Other material studied. Thirty parthenogenetic females, 25 ephippial females and 15 males from a peanut field with sandy pools El Frine 1 (36.838153°N; 8.422069°E), Algeria, coll. S. Ghaouaci & M. Amarouayache, 18.01.2014, AAK 2016-007; 10 parthenogenetic females, 5 ephippial females, 2 males from Pozza di Buccheri (37.11994°N; 14.8554°E), Sicily, Italy, coll. F. Marrone, 03.04.2010, AAK M-5311; 10 parthenogenetic females, 10 ephippial females, 10 males from Margio di Anguillara (37.85847°N; 12.92082°E), Sicily, Italy, coll. F. Marrone, 02.03.2014, AAK M-5314. Description. Parthenogenetic female. General (Figs. 4A, 8A). Body rounded in lateral view, typical for genus (body height/length=0.70), maximum height in middle portion. Dorsum of valves significantly elevated under head, broadly convex, with prominent dorsolateral depression between head and rest of body (Figs. 4A, 8A). Posterodorsal angle well visible. Ventral margin broadly rounded, smoothly passing to anteroventral margin. Very prominent sculpture on body represented by polygons. Each polygon with tiny warts (Figs. 8F, 9A–B). No integumental setae on head and valves (Figs. 8B, E). Small pseudopores present on valves (Figs. 9A–B) and on head shield at level of antenna II. Body laterally compressed, elongated and subovoid in dorsal and ventral view. Head (Figs. 4A–B, 8A–D) small, with prominent rounded rostrum and voluminous supraocular dome surrounding large compound eye (Figs. 4A–B). Posterior margin of dome forming supraocular depression. Minute ocellus rounded, located near base of antenna I (Figs. 4A–B). Frontal head pore not revealed. Dorsal head pore round, prominent, located very close to dorsal head depression (Fig. 4A). Ornamentation of head is represented by polygons with tiny warts (Figs. 8B–D). Labrum (Fig. 4B) with wide, fleshy main body and large, setulated distal labral plate strongly compressed laterally. Valves (Figs. 4C–D, 8E–F, 9A–D) large, almost rounded. On inner side, anteroventral margin with row of short setae followed by short group of longer setae in ventral margin (Figs. 4C–D), posteriorly this row represented by only fine setulae until last one-third of ventral margin where two or three short plumose setae appear (Figs. 4C–D, 9D). Caudal spine and lateral protuberances absent (Figs. 4A, C, 8A). Thorax relatively long, abdomen short, with single abdominal projection (Fig. 4A). Postabdomen (Figs. 4E, 9E) elongated, subrectangular. Ventral margin almost straight or slightly concave. Large anus located closer to base of postabdominal claws. Preanal margin long, slightly concave or straight. Anal margin two times shorter than preanal margin. Postanal margin very short, typical for Ceriodaphnia. Preanal and anal margins with eight to ten pairs of sharp denticles approximately as long as thickness of base of postabdominal claw. Base of each denticle covered by fine setulae. Also, row of clusters of fine setulae located above row of denticles on anal portion and gradually continuing to preanal portion. Small additional clusters of setulae on dorsal and lateral sides of preanal portion. Postabdominal seta (Fig. 4E) as long as postabdomen. Postabdominal claw (Figs. 4E, 9E) massive, slightly curved, with particularly sharp, pointed tip. Lateral side on ventral margin with row of fine denticles on outer face and row of fine denticles on inner face (Fig. 9E). Denticles of both rows decreasing in size distally. Antenna I (Figs. 4A–B, 8B, D) cylindrical, thin, short (length about 2.5 diameters), without prominent rows of setulae.Antennular sensory seta slender, subequal in length to antenna I, arising subdistally on inflated protuberance. Nine short aesthetascs subequal in size (Figs. 4A–B, 8B, D). Antenna II long (Figs. 4A, F, 8A, E). Coxal part with two sensory setae of different length. Basal segment robust, with thin distal seta on anterior face and relatively short distal sensory seta on posterior face. Basal segment covered by transverse rows of setae. Antennal branches elongated, four-segmented exopod is slightly shorter than three-segmented endopod, all segments cylindrical, covered by rows of short setulae, in some cases, relatively long setae. Antennal formula: setae 0-0-1-3/1-1-3, spines 0-1-0-0/0-0-0. Both exopod and endopod branches with three long, apical swimming setae, all with basal and distal segments bilaterally feathered by fine, long setulae. Lateral setae of exopod and endopod with same armature. Spine on second exopod segment short, thin. Apical spines absent. Thoracic limbs: five pairs (Figs. 5A–E). Limb I (Fig. 5A) with elongated corm; outer distal lobe with long seta, unilaterally armed distally with short setulae and short thin seta. Inner distal lobe (or endite 5 sensu Kotov 2013), with three unequal setae armed with short stiff setulae. Endite 4 with single anterior seta (Fig. 5A:1) and two posterior soft setae (Fig. 5A: a–b). Endite 3 with single anterior seta (Fig. 5A: 2) and two posterior soft setae (Fig. 5A: c–d). Endite 2 with single short anterior seta (Fig. 5A: 3) and four posterior soft setae (Fig. 5A: e–h). Two ejector hooks of different size. No maxillar process on limb base (Fig. 5A). Limb II (Fig. 5B) large. Limb distal portion (exopodite) as large elongated lobe with two soft unequal setae. Endite 5 with single very small anterior stiff seta (represented by small sensillum) and two posterior soft setae (Fig. 5B: a–b). Endite 4 with single very long anterior stiff seta and single soft posterior seta (Fig. 5B: c). Endite 3 with single stiff anterior seta. Endite 2 with single soft seta (Fig. 5B: d). Gnathobase (or endite 1) with two clear rows of setae. Anterior row represented by four elements (Fig. 5B: 1–4), posterior row consisting of eight setae (Figs. 5B:a–h). Limb III (Fig. 5C) with large setulated subovoid preepipodite and ovoid epipodite. Exopodite flat, with two lateral setae (Fig 5C: 5–6) and four distal setae (Fig 5C:1–4). Distal segment of setae 1 and 2 with especially short stiff setulae. Innerdistal portion with five endites. Endite 5 with two setae (Fig 5C: a–b). Endite 4 with two setae (Fig 5C: c–d). Endite 3 with single seta (Fig 5C: e). Endite 2 with two long setae (Fig 5C: f–g). Remainder of limb inner portion (endite 1) as a singular large lobe, with single anterior seta (Fig 5C: 1), two anterior sensillae and numerous posterior setae with short stiff setulae. Limb IV (Fig. 5D) with large setulated ovoid preepipodite and subovoid epipodite. Exopodite flat, broadly rounded with two lateral soft setae (Fig. 5D: 5–6) and four distal soft setae (Fig. 5D: 1–4). Inner distal portion of limb not subdivided into endites, distally with two short setae of unclear homology (Fig. 5D: a–b). Most of limb inner margin a gnathobase filter plate consisting of numerous posterior long setae. Limb V (Fig. 5E) with setulated preepipodite and large subovoid epipodite. Exopodite triangular supplied with two long distal setae and especially large lateral seta. Inner limb portion an ovoid flat lobe, with setulated inner margin and single, large seta. Ephippial female (Figs. 6A–B, 7A–B, 10A–G, 11A–G). General body shape and appendages of ephippial female appearing similar to those of parthenogenetic female (Figs. 6A–B, 7A–B, 10A–G, 11A–G). Dorsal portion of body in ephippial females transformed into ephippium, bordered from rest of body. In lateral view, ephippium narrowing posteriorly (Figs. 6A, 7A–B, 10A, G, 11A–B). Dorsal margin straight; ventral margin regularly curved from posteroventral to anterior margin, almost perpendicular to dorsal margin. Depression along dorsum separating two halves of ephippium well-visible. Sculpture of dorsal portion of ephippium represented by relatively thick small columns with branched tips (Figs. 6A–B, 7A–B, 10G, 11C). Egg locule visibly extending laterally (Figs. 6B, 10A). Ornamentation of egg locule represented by small columns with branched tips in lateral side and by small tubercles on central portion (Figs. 11A–G). Posteroventral, ventral and anterior portions of ephippium covered by small tubercles with short processes. Ephippium containing single resting egg (Figs. 6A, 10 A, G, 11 A, B). Pre-ephippial female (Figs. 12A–D). Details of body shape and structure in pre-ephippial female similar to parthenogenetic and ephippial females. In contrast to parthenogenetic female, dorsal portion of valves in preephippial female already different from ventral portion by more fine and delicate reticulation (Figs. 12A, D). In contrast to ephippial female, dorsal portion of valves in preephippial female lack any traces of tubercles and processes, although position of future egg locule well visible (Fig. 12D). Male (Figs. 6C–F, 13A–G). General (Figs.6C, 13A). Body ovoid in lateral view, more elongated compared to female (body height/length about 0.56). Dorsal margin of valves not elevated above head, posteroventral angle distinct. Head (Figs. 6C, 13A, C) small, more elongated than in female. Dorsal head pore present (Fig. 6C). Compound eye large (Fig. 6C). Ocellus rounded or slightly elongated, located near base of antenna I (Fig. 6C). Valves (Figs. 6C, 13A, C) ovoid, more elongated than in female. Armature of inner side as in female. Postabdomen (Figs. 6D, 13G) generally as in female. Gonopores (Fig 6D: gp) open laterally at beginning of distal third of postabdomen. Antenna I (Figs. 6C, 13D–E) long and straight, covered by small stiff setae.Antennular sensory seta long, arising subdistally from antennular body. Male seta two times longer than antennular body. Nine terminal aesthetascs on opposite side to antennular sensory seta. Limb I (Fig. 6E) with large, curved copulatory hook with pointed apex. ODL (exopodite) with two setae, one especially long, bi-segmented, its distal portion covered by fine short denticles. IDL (endite 5) additionally with short seta of unknown homology. Additional seta also located near anterior seta 1. Ejector hooks of same size. Limb II (Fig. 6F) with distal portion (exopodite) similar to female. Endite 5 with single relatively small stiff anterior seta (represented by sensillum) and two soft posterior setae (Fig. 6F: a–b). Endite 4 with single anterior stiff long seta unilaterally armed distally with short setulae and single posterior soft seta (Fig. 6F: c). Endite 3 with single medium size soft seta. Endite 2 with single soft seta (Fig. 6F: d) and small seta of unknown homology. Gnathobase (or endite 1) similar to parthenogenetic female. Size. Adult parthenogenetic females 0.50–0.99 mm in length; ephippial females up to 0.92 mm in length; adult males 0.50–0.70 mm in length. Juvenile females to 0.50 mm in length. Holotype 0.90 mm in length; allotype 0.68 mm in length. Variability. No significant variability was found in studied individuals from the Mediterranean region. Differential diagnosis. In Spain, Ceriodaphnia smirnovi sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from other recorded species (Alonso 1996) by the presence of dorsal head pore, pseudopores on the body and specific ornamentation of ephippium. Egg locules are significantly expanded laterally and well visible even under light microscope (Fig. 6B). Also, thick small columns on the dorsal portion and on the lateral surface of egg locule are visible. Among European species of Ceriodaphnia studied recently by Kotov et al. (2018), the ephippia of C. smirnovi sp. nov. shares some characteristics with C. quadrangula (O.F. Müller, 1785), such as the presence of columns bearing branched tips (Kotov et al. 2018: p. 113, figs. 7a–h), and with C. rotunda (Straus, 1820) sensu Sars, 1862 by the presence of small tubercles with short processes on posteroventral, ventral and anterior portions (Kotov et al. 2018: p. 111–112, figs. 7a–f). However, combinations of these elements are unique for C. smirnovi sp. nov. Discrimination of C. smirnovi sp. nov. from other species based on male morphology seems problematic, because there is little reliable information on males for other species of Ceriodaphnia, especially from type localities. However, we expect that morphological features of males will be very useful in the taxonomy of Ceriodaphnia by analogy with daphniids (e.g. Hudec 2010; Kotov 2013) and moinids (e.g. Hudec 2010; Kotov 2013; Alonso et al. 2019). Identification of C. smirnovi sp. nov. based only on parthenogenetic females may be problematic. Significance of all features used in the standard keys should be reevaluated in the future based on type material. We recommend examining: (1) presence of dorsal head pore; (2) shape and armature of the postabdomen (as in the C. quadrangula species group); (3) proportions of stiff anterior setae on limb II (this feature seems significant based on brief analysis of figures from Alonso 1996). Here we found, that limb II in parthenogenetic female of C. quadrangula bears very short anterior setae on endites 4 and 3, whereas in C. smirnovi sp. nov. these setae are especially long and prominent. Distribution and ecology. Currently, C. smirnovi sp. nov. is known only from Spain (Alonso 1996), Algeria (Ghaouaci et al. 2018), Greece (Marrone et al. 2019) and Italy. Thus, the distribution of C.smirnovi sp. nov. must be clarified in the future based on analysis of material from more sampling points, although, most likely, it is restricted by the Mediterranean region. The characteristic habitats of C. smirnovi sp. nov. are shallow permanent and/or temporary lagoons in dry regions. Euryhaline waters, with sufficient salt concentrations are relatively important for C. smirnovi sp. nov., although it also can occur in low mineralized waters. Water can be clear or turbid as a result of suspended clay. Genetic analyses. From the initially amplified 50 individuals we successfully sequenced 37 individuals for 16S that together with 49 sequences retrieved from GenBank resulted in 11 different clades (Fig. 14), of which 6 correspond to currently described species. We also sequenced 23 individuals for COI that together with 266 sequences retrieved from GenBank resulted in 12 clades (Fig. 15), of which 10 correspond to currently described species. Amongst these 10 species, we were unable to morphologically verify C. dubia, C. spinata and C. silvestrii. In both 16S and COI phylogenetic trees, deep branches had low to moderate support with BI and ML analyses, being not fully concordant within markers or between markers. On the contrary, the distinction of the different clades / species had a very strong support in both phylogenetic trees. The mean genetic distance among the clades was substantial, being 13±2.3% (mean ± SD) for 16S and 20.7±2.1% for COI, while the mean within group distance was 3.6±3.2% and 6.2±3.6%, respectively. Overall we distinguished 16 different lineages, corresponding to 11 described species and to five undescribed species. In addition, five species had large intraspecific variability: C. megops, C. cornuta / C. rigaudi, C. spinata, C. reticulata and C. quadrangula for one or both markers (e.g. genetic distance> 7 % for COI and> 5.6 % for 16S). Also, most of the species had more than one molecular BIN in the BOLD database (overall we found 24 different BINS; Table 2). This suggests that within most species there are possibly two or more different species and therefore most species included in the phylogenetic analyses of this study should be considered as species groups. Within the 315 sequences retrieved from GenBank we found 7.3% of them which were likely wrongly identified and 28.7% that were not identified that fit within one of the lineages.Published as part of Alonso, Miguel, Neretina, Anna N. & Ventura, Marc, 2021, Ceriodaphnia smirnovi (Crustacea: Cladocera), a new species from the Mediterranean Region, and a phylogenetic analysis of the commonest species, pp. 1-46 in Zootaxa 4974 (1) on pages 28-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/477206
Alona floessneri Sinev, Alonso & Sheveleva, 2009, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Alona floessneri</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 5–8)</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species is named after German cladocerologist Dietrich Flössner.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Uvs Nuur (Nuur = lake), Uvs aimag, north-west Mongolia –Russian border, 50º06’55”N, 92º24’25”E.</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> parthenogenetic female, preserved in 80% ethanol, deposited at ZMOU, Ml-79.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes.</b> 18 parthenogenetic females from type, preserved in 80% ethanol, deposited at ZMOU, Ml-80. 20 parthenogenetic females, 5 gamogenetic females and 8 males from lake Khar Nuur, Hövsgöl aimag, North –central Mongolia. (49º23’38”N, 98º25’19”E), preserved in 80% ethanol, deposited at the first author personal collection in Institute for Ecology and Evolution, Moscow.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b></p> <p> <i>Female</i>. Of moderate size, length up to 0.56 mm. Body irregular oval, of moderate height, height /length ratio about 0.70–0.74, maximum height in the middle of the body. Whole carapace covered by narrow longitudinal lines. Head shield with broadly rounded posterior margin, rostrum short and rounded. Three narrowly connected major head pores, central pore located at the middle between other pores. PP about 0.8– 0.9 IP. Lateral head pores dot-like, located at 1.0–1.2 IP distance from midline. Labral keel suboval, with rounded apex, without clusters of setules on posterior margin.</p> <p>Postabdomen of moderate width (length about 2.5–2.6 height), with almost parallel margins and broadly rounded dorsodistal angle. Dorsal margin with distal part about 1.9–2.2 times longer than preanal one, with postanal portion 1.4–1.6 times longer than anal. Preanal angle moderately prominent, an incursion in place of postanal angle. Postanal portion of dorsal margin convex, anal portion almost straight. Eight–ten clusters of small marginal denticles along preanal margin, decreasing in size basally, and 3 wide clusters of very short setules on anal margin. About 10 lateral fascicles of setules along dorsal margin; 6 fascicles in postanal portion very wide, with setules 2 time longer than marginal denticles. All setules in fascicles of similar width. Postabdominal claw of moderate length, slightly longer than preanal portion of postabdomen. Basal spine long and thin, about 1/3 of length of claw.</p> <p>Antennula with 9 terminal aesthetascs, longest of them of about half length of antennula. Antennal formula, setae 0-0-3/1-1-3, spines 1-0-1/0-0-1. Seta arising from basal segment of endopodite as long as endopodite. Spine on basal segment of exopodite shorter than middle segment. Spine from apical segment of exopodite slightly shorter than this segment. Apical spine of endopodite of same length as this segment.</p> <p>Limb I with very long accessory seta, IDL of limb I with three setae, IDL seta 1 very small, two others armed with short setules distally. Exopodite of limb II with very small seta, scraping spines not differentiated. Exopodite of limb III with six setae, seta 3 being longest, seta 4 three times shorter than seta 5. Exopodite IV with 6 setae, setae 4 and 6 of exopodite IV about 2/3 length of seta 5. Exopodite V with 4 setae, filter plate I consist of single seta. Epipodites IV and V without projections. Limb VI absent.</p> <p> <i>Male.</i> Body regular oval, of moderate height, height/length ratio about 0.66–0.70, maximum height at the middle of the body. Postabdomen short, with narrowing anal portion, subrectangular postanal portion, and a distinct bulk at ventrodistal portion of postabdomen.. Dorsodistal angle not defined. Sperm duct openings located almost at the end of postabdomen. Clusters of short setules in place of marginal denticles, lateral fascicles of setules same as in female. Postabdominal claw 1.5 times shorter than that of female, basal spine 2 times shorter than in female.</p> <p>Antennule with 10 terminal and 2 lateral aesthetascs. Male seta arising at 1/4 length from tip, about 1/3 of antennule length. Thoracic limb I with U-shaped copulatory hook, IDL seta 1 absent, setae 2 and 3 subequal in length, male seta thick, curved, as long as seta 3.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b></p> <p> <b>Parthenogenetic female</b>. <i>General</i>: In lateral view body irregular oval, moderately high (Fig. 5 A–B, 6A– D). Maximum height in the middle of the body. In adults height/length ratio about 0.70–0.74. Dorsal margin arched, without any depression at the border of valves and head shield. Posterodorsal and posteroventral angles broadly rounded. Posterior margin almost straight. Posterodorsal angle with about 100 setules of equal size, reaching almost to the middle of the posterior margin of valves. A row of about 110 smaller setules along the posterior margin (Fig. 5 D, 6E) at some distance from it on inner side of carapace. Ventral setae as in previous species (Fig. 5 C). Anteroventral angle rounded. Whole carapace covered by narrow longitudinal lines (Fig. 6 A–D). Head as in previous species.</p> <p> <i>Head shield</i> with gently poligonal sculpture (Fig. 6 A–C)). Head pores (Fig. 6 F, 7A–B) and labrum (Fig. 7 C–E) as in previous species.</p> <p> <i>Postabdomen</i> (Fig. 5 F–G, 6G–H) of moderate width, weakly narrowing in postanal portion, with broadly rounded dorso-distal angle. Length about 2.5–2.6 height. Ventral margin almost straight. Incursion between basis of claws and distal margin unclear. Distal margin weakly convex. Dorsal margin with distal part about 1.9–2.2 times longer than preanal one, with postanal portion 1.4–1.6 times longer than anal. Preanal angle well defined, postanal angle as clear incursion. Postanal portion of dorsal margin convex, anal portion almost straight. Preanal margin almost straight. Eight-ten clusters of small marginal denticles along preanal margin, decreasing in size basally, and 3 wide clusters of very short setules on anal margin. A row of about 10 lateral fascicles of setules along dorsal margin; 6 fascicles in postanal portion very wide, with setules 2 times longer than marginal denticles, fascicles in anal portion 2 times shorter, of similar width. All setules in fascicles of similar width. Additional fascicles of setules located above the main row in anal portion. Postabdominal claw of moderate length, slightly shorter than preanal portion of postabdomen. Basal spine long and thin, about 1/3 of length of claw.</p> <p> <i>Antennule</i> similar to that of the previous species (Fig. 7 F), but broader, height/width ratio about 2.5. Antenna as in the previous species (Fig. 6 I, 7G).</p> <p> <i>Thoracic limbs</i>: five pairs. Limb I as in previous species (Fig. 7 H–I), but setae of endite III clearly differentiated in size. Limb II as in previous species (Fig. 7 J). Limb III as in previous species (Fig. 7 K–M), but seta 5 of exopodite armed with small, thin setules. Limb IV as in previous species (Fig. 7 N–O), but setae 6 and 4 of exopodite considerable shorter in comparison with seta 5. Limb V as in previous species (Fig. 7 P).</p> <p> <b>Ephippial female</b> (Fig.8 A) similar in shape to parthenogenetic female, body height/body length: 0.66– 0.70. Carapace in contact with ventral border of ephippium with polygons in place of longitudinal striae. Ephippium dark brown. Ocellus of same size as eye or slightly larger.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. General shape of adult male (Fig. 8 B) regularly oval, with convex posterior margin, body height/ body length = 0.66–0.70. Ocellus and eye of same size as in parthenogenetic female.</p> <p> <i>Postabdomen</i> (Fig. 8 C–D) short, with narrowing anal portion. Postanal portion subrectangular with distinct ventrodistal bulge. Dorso-distal angle not defined. Preanal and postanal angles well defined. Distal part of postabdomen 1.1 times longer than preanal. Sperm ducts opening ventrally at the end of postabdomen, very close to base of claws.</p> <p>Clusters of short setules in place of marginal denticles, lateral fascicles of setules same as in female. Postabdominal claw 1.8 times shorter than that of ephippial female, basal spine 3 times shorter than claw.</p> <p> <i>Antennule</i> (Fig. 8 E) and <i>thoracic limb I</i> (Figs 8 F–H) as in previous species.</p> <p> <b>Size:</b> adult females, length 0.43–0.55 mm, height 0.30–0.35 mm. Ephippial females, length 0.45–0.57 mm, height 0.30–0.38 mm. Males, length 0.34–0.37 mm, height 0.24–0.25 mm.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Alona floessneri</i> <b>sp. n.</b> differs from <i>A. irinae</i> <b>sp. n.</b> in body shape, with almost straight posterior margin, in sculpture of the carapace, composed of narrow longitudinal lines, in peculiar shape of the male and female postabdomen, in presence of short groups of distal marginal denticles of female postabdomen, and in shorter setae 4 and 6 of exopodite IV. <i>Alona floessneri</i> <b>sp. n.</b> differs from <i>A. salina</i> in the morphology of the lateral fascicles of setules of postabdomen, in IDL morphology, in the shape of male postabdomen, and in its smaller size. Differences between these species are summarized in Table 1.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and ecology</b>. <i>A. floessneri</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> has a wide distribution in saline and subsaline water bodies in Mongolia, which supports the idea that it can appear in similar environments in other Asian countries.</p> <p> In Mongolia this species is known from Uvs Nuur (85), Kholboo Nuur (109: 45º15’11.9”N, 114º06’45.5”E), Sumiin Bulagriin Nuur (139: 49º08’39”N, 114º52’28.6”E), Khar Nuur (215) and Zuun Khooloi Nuur (309: 47º17’52.3”N, 92º43’53.0”E). In brackets reference numbers and coordinates of the sampling sites in the website <b>http://www.geodata.es/mongolian_lakes</b> where further information and pictures of the water bodies can be seen.</p> <p> Uvs Nuur is a large (361459 hectares) permanent mesotrophic alkaline salt lake with salinity about 13 g /l, Na/Mg/Cl/SO4 type, pH about 9.0 (Flössner et al., 2005), and water electrical conductivity of 29400 μS/cm. Macrophytes are scarce. We presume that the species was already reported from this lake by Flössner <i>et al</i>. (2005) as <i>Alona elegans,</i> together with other two halobiont crustaceans, the cladoceran <i>Moina salina</i> Daday, 1888, and the calanoid <i>Arctodiaptomus salinus</i> (Daday, 1885). The presence of <i>Alona elegans</i> sensu stricto in the lake is quite improbable, since it is a freshwater species, never reported from saline water (Alonso 1996; Flössner 2000).</p> <p> Zuun Khooloi Nuur is a shallow, permanent, 773 hectare playa lake. Water is mesotrophic and highly mineralised (10300 μS/cm) and alkaline (pH 9.1). Accompanying halobiont crustacean species were the cladoceran <i>Moina salina</i> and the calanoid <i>Metadiaptomus asiaticus</i> (Ul’yanin 1875), together with the halotolerant <i>Daphnia magna</i> Straus, 1820.</p> <p> Kholboo Nuur (149 hectares and 8120 μS/cm), Sumiin Bulagriin Nuur (1,700 hectares and 7200 μS/cm), and Khar nuur (7 hectares and 13300 μS/cm) are shallow permanent or semi permanent lakes. As in the previous ones, water is highly mineralised but also very turbid because of suspended clay particles. The crustacean community in these lakes is as well characterized by halobiont and halo-tolerant species, namely the calanoid <i>Arctodiaptomus rectispinosus</i> Kikuchi, 1940, <i>Daphnia magna</i> and <i>Moina brachiata</i> (Jurine, 1820) in Kholboo; <i>M. brachiata</i> in S. Bulagriin; <i>Daphnia triquetra</i> G.O.Sars, 1903, <i>M. brachiata</i> and the calanoid <i>Metadiaptomus asiaticus</i> in Khar.</p>Published as part of <i>Sinev, Artem Y., Alonso, Miguel & Sheveleva, Natalia G., 2009, New species of Alona from South-East Russia and Mongolia related to Alona salina Alonso, 1996 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae), pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 2326</i> on pages 10-15, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/192078">10.5281/zenodo.192078</a>
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