1,720,960 research outputs found
Solid lipid microparticles containing cinnamom bark oleoresin (Cinnamomum zeylanicum & cassia L.) : production, characterization and stability
No full textOrientador: Miriam Dupas HubingerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: A oleoresina de casca de canela (OC) é um aromatizante natural que possui diversas propriedades biológicas, podendo atuar como agente antimicrobiano e antioxidante. Porém, oleoresinas são susceptíveis à degradação pela luz, oxigênio e temperatura. Sendo assim, a microencapsulação desses compostos promove a proteção contra fatores externos além de facilitar sua aplicação em sistemas diversos. Dentre os métodos existentes, o processo de spray chilling apresenta vantagens devido ao baixo custo, condições brandas de operação e possibilidade de produção em larga escala. O objetivo deste trabalho foi, portanto, a produção, caracterização de micropartículas de OC, obtidas pela técnica de spray chilling, utilizando hardfat (HP) e óleo de palma (OP) como carreadores, em diferentes proporções: 100:0; 80:20; 60:40. A concentração de ativo foi de 1 e 2% (m/m) em relação à massa total de lipídio. As micropartículas lipídicas sólidas (MLS) foram armazenadas a 25 e 45 °C tendo o seu comportamento térmico, polimorfismo, capacidade de retenção dos compostos voláteis e capacidade antimicrobiana avaliadas ao longo de 28 dias. A OC apresentou cinamaldeído (Cn), O-metoxi-cinamaldeído (OmCn) e cumarina (Co) como os componentes voláteis majoritários. A concentração inibitória mínima (MIC) da OC contra bolores, leveduras e bactérias Gram-negativas foi determinada, sendo possível a inibição de todos eles com uma concentração de 0,1% (v/v). Na caracterização das MLS, houve variação de tamanho significativo, apresentando diâmetro médio na faixa de 10-120 µm. A maioria das formulações apresentou cristais na forma polimórfica ?¿. A formulação que continha apenas HP como agente carreador e 2% de OC foi capaz de reter melhor os compostos voláteis. Durante o período de armazenamento, as formulações contendo proporções de HP e OP de 80:20 e 60:40, respectivamente, e 2 % de OC apresentaram melhor estabilidade em relação à concentração de Cn. Houve aumento no conteúdo de OmCn e Co para todas as formulaçãoes armazenadas a 25 °C, que pode estar relacionado a uma degradação do ácido cinâmico. O poder antimicrobiano das MLS contra Candida pseudointermedia e Penicillium paneum, avaliado através do halo de inibição, aumentou ao longo dos 28 diasAbstract: Cinnamon bark oleoresin (OC) is a natural flavoring agent that has several biological properties and can act as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent. However, oleoresins are susceptible to degradation by light, oxygen and temperature. Thus, the microencapsulation of these compounds promotes the protection against external factors besides facilitating their application in many systems. Among the existing methods, the spray chilling process has advantages due to the low cost, soft operation conditions and possibility of large scale production. The objective of this work was, therefore, the production, characterization of microparticles of OC, obtained by the spray chilling technique, using hardfat (HP) and palm oil (OP) as carriers, in different proportions: 100: 0; 80:20; 60:40. The active concentration was 1 and 2%. Solid lipid microparticles (SLM) were stored at 25 and 45 ° C having their thermal behavior, polymorphism, retention capacity of the volatile compounds and antimicrobial capacity assessed over 28 days. OC presented cinnamaldehyde (Cn), O-methoxy cinnamaldehyde (OmCn) and coumarin (Co) as the major volatile components. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the OC against molds, yeasts and Gram-negative bacteria was determined, inhibiting all of them at a concentration of 0.1% (v/v). In SLM characterization there was a significant size variation, with a mean diameter in the range of 10-120 ?m. Most of the formulations showed crystals in the polymorphic form ? '. The formulation containing only HP as the carrier agent and 2% OC was able to retain the volatile compounds better. During the storage period, formulations F2 and F3 containing proportions of HP and OP of 80:20 and 60:40, respectively, and 2% of OC showed better stability relative to the concentration of Cn. There was an increase in the content of OmCn and Co for all formulations stored at 25 ° C, which may be related to a degradation of the cinnamic acid. The antimicrobial activity of the SLM against Candida pseudointermedia and Penicillium paneum evaluated by diameter of inhibition zone, increased over the 28 daysMestradoEngenharia de AlimentosMestra em Engenharia de Alimentos132423/2016-2CNP
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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