2,929 research outputs found
Increases in donor-derived cell-free DNA prior to biopsy proven rejection in kidney transplant
No full textIntroduction: The most common clinical indicators for kidney allograft rejection include serum creatinine and proteinuria. Unfortunately, both are lagging indicators that increase once injury has already occurred. Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) has been validated as a marker for detection of allograft active rejection (AR) in kidney transplant recipients as well as other solid organ transplants. We sought to test whether dd-cfDNA is a leading indicator of rejection in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Method: KTR with a biopsy (Bx) and \u3e1 dd-cfDNA tests in the six months prior to the Bx from a 1,631 patient interim analysis cohort of the ProActive registry study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04091984) were included. Dd-cfDNA results (the ProsperaTM test) and serum creatinine (SCr) results were grouped by time prior to biopsy and stratified by ultimate Bx finding: ABMR, TCMR, and non-rejection. Results: 424 patients had a Bx and \u3e1 dd-cfDNA result (1,013 total) drawn 0-180 days prior to Bx. 94.5% of dd-cfDNA tests (958/1,013) had a matched SCr test performed at the same visit. The cohort was 59.9% male, 52.1% white and had a median age of 52.0 years. Clinical Bx diagnoses included 26 ABMR, 62 TCMR, and 336 non-rejection. Median dd-cfDNA fraction (dd-cfDNA%) was significantly elevated five months prior to an ABMR Bx and two months prior to a TCMR Bx, compared to non-rejection (Figure 1A). SCr levels were not significantly elevated at any time point prior to Bx in cases with rejection (Figure 1B). Of the 336 patients with a non-rejection Bx, 11.3% (n=38) subjects had one increased dd-cfDNA test result (defined as \u3e1%), and 5.3% (n=18) had two or more increased dd-cfDNA test results during the 6 month period prior to Bx. At the time of a non-rejection Bx, the median eGFR was significantly lower in patients with two or more prior increased dd-cfDNA test results (45.4 [30.5-52.6]) compared to patients with either zero (58.5 [47.2-72.4]) (p=0.00018), or one prior increased dd-cfDNA test result (60.2 [48.3-72.0]) (p=0.0006) (Figure 2). Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that dd-cfDNA% is a leading indicator of rejection, and was elevated up to five months prior to a biopsy proven ABMR rejection and two months prior to a biopsy proven TCMR rejection. In patients with a non-rejection biopsy, increased ddcfDNA was significantly associated with reduced eGFR. Earlier detection of AR by dd-cfDNA may allow for earlier treatment of rejection. (Figure Presented)
DD-Dependent NO Production Induces Cell Death
No full text<div><p>(A) Micrographs of P. tricornutum cells treated with DD (66 μM [10 μg/ml]) for 4 h, which resulted in 90% cell death (assayed by Sytox Green fluorescence). Chlorophyll autofluorescence (shown in red) was significantly reduced in Sytox-positive cells, giving a further indication of cell death.</p>
<p>(B–D) Quantification of cell death kinetics induced by DD or (<i>2E</i>)-decenal (B), SNP (C), and NMMA added prior to DD application (D). Data in (B–D) are means plus standard deviation from four experiments. Representative data from four experiments are shown in (A). Experiments shown in (B–D) were performed by flow cytometry. Abbreviations are as in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040060#pbio-0040060-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>. Scale bar represents 5 μm.</p></div
DD-Pose: A large-scale Driver Head Pose Benchmark
No full textWe introduce DD-Pose, the Daimler TU Delft Driver Head Pose Benchmark, a large-scale and diverse benchmark for image-based head pose estimation and driver analysis. It contains 330k measurements from multiple cameras acquired by an in-car setup during naturalistic drives. Large out-of-plane head rotations and occlusions are induced by complex driving scenarios, such as parking and driver-pedestrian interactions. Precise head pose annotations are obtained by a motion capture sensor and a novel calibration device. A high resolution stereo driver camera is supplemented by a camera capturing the driver cabin. Together with steering wheel and vehicle motion information, DD-Pose paves the way for holistic driver analysis. Our experiments show that the new dataset offers a broad distribution of head poses, comprising an order of magnitude more samples of rare poses than a comparable dataset. By an analysis of a state-of-the-art head pose estimation method, we demonstrate the challenges offered by the benchmark. The dataset and evaluation code are made freely available to academic and non-profit institutions for non-commercial benchmarking purposes
FADD-DD and FADD-DDV108E reduce the effectiveness of tumor eradication by etoposide in vivo.
No full text<p>Panel A, isogenic BJAB cells expressing GFP control, GFP-FADD-DD and GFP-FADD-DDV108E were implanted subcutaneously and tumors grown for 10 days prior to treatment with etoposide. Untreated tumors continued to grow. In control BJAB cells, etoposide caused tumor eradication; whereas, in tumors expressing either FADD-DD or FADD-DDV108E, etoposide treatment led to stabilization of tumor mass but no eradication (p<0.05 by t-test at 18 for the control versus FADD-DD and FADD-DDV108E expressing cells). Panel B, Western blot of tumor tissue from GFP control, GFP-FADD-DD and GFP-VFADD-DD V108E demonstrating similar expression of the GFP-tagged protein in all tumors.</p
BMAL1-deficient mice display robust wheel-running activity prior to food availability in constant darkness (DD).
No full text<p>Representative double-plotted actograms of wheel-running activity of <i>Bmal1</i><sup>+/+</sup> (A; n = 6) and <i>Bmal1</i><sup>−/−</sup> (B; n = 8) mice in DD. Group mean activity profiles for <i>Bmal1</i><sup>−/−</sup> mice (C) were generated by averaging the number of wheel revolutions per 10-minute bin (black line) and were plotted relative to local time (where time 0 was the time of lights on and time 12 was lights off in the light-dark cycle prior to releasing the mice into DD). The SEM, which represents the variability among mice, is shown in dark gray shading. The time when food was available is indicated by light gray shading in the activity profiles and on the left half of each actogram. AL I, FD I, RF, AL II, and FD II labels of the actograms (B) indicate the days used to generate the activity profiles <i>ad libitum</i> I, food deprivation I, restricted feeding, <i>ad libitum</i> II, and food deprivation II, respectively (C).</p
Self-archiving practice and the influence of publisher policies in the social sciences
No full textAuthors in different disciplines exhibit very different behaviours on the so-called ‘green’ road to open access, i.e. self-archiving. This study looks at the self-archiving behaviour of authors publishing in leading journals in six social science disciplines. It tests the hypothesis that authors are self-archiving according to the norms of their respective disciplines rather than following self-archiving policies of publishers, and that, as a result, they are self-archiving significant numbers of publisher PDF versions. It finds significant levels of
self-archiving, as well as significant self-archiving of
the publisher PDF version, in all the disciplines
investigated. Publishers’ self-archiving policies have
no influence on author self-archiving practice
Developmental Disorders (DD) and Fibromyalgia (FM), we might be able to develop both treatments at once!?
No full textThis was written when the author was 2nd year undergraduate student in Kyushu University. In this paper, I explain following 3 topics: ①Development Disorders (DD), are one of physical disabilities ②study of pain (brain, neuron, and fibromyalgia (FM)) ③ DD and FM, we might be able to develop both treatments at once!
Developmental Disorders (DD) and Fibromyalgia (FM), we might be able to develop both treatments at once!?
No full textThis was written when the author was 2nd year undergraduate student in Kyushu University. In this paper, I explain following 3 topics: ①Development Disorders (DD), are one of physical disabilities ②study of pain (brain, neuron, and fibromyalgia (FM)) ③ DD and FM, we might be able to develop both treatments at once!
Developmental Disorders (DD) and Fibromyalgia (FM), we might be able to develop both treatments at once!?
No full textThis was written when the author was 2nd year undergraduate student in Kyushu University. In this paper, I explain following 3 topics: ①Development Disorders (DD), are one of physical disabilities ②study of pain (brain, neuron, and fibromyalgia (FM)) ③ DD and FM, we might be able to develop both treatments at once!
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