1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Das Verhältnis von Lebenswelt und Wissenschaft
Get PDFThe PhD thesis aims at the clarification of the relationship between our commonsense experience and the scientific explanation of the world around us. The sciences claim to provide knowledge of a special quality. The indication ‘scientifically proven’ for instance refers to the outstanding reliability of the findings and the verification procedures of the sciences. If this claim is not to be taken as an empty promise, it has to be shown wherein this particular quality of the scientific knowledge consists and in which way it differs from our ‘everyday’ knowledge. In conclusion, the thesis argues for the following view of the relationship between commonsense and scientific knowledge: Our everyday conceptions take their origin in the different practices that are pursued within our life-world. They are to be judged according their ability to back our everyday practices. The adequacy of these concepts does not reside in some correspondence to reality but in their appropriateness to the realisation of the different ends and practices that constitute our everyday business. The sciences have to be judged as well according their ability to back practices, namely the experimental and laboratory practices. The sciences are in addition subjected to the demand of a distinct and situation-invariant reproducibility of their results. For this purpose a standardisation of the scientific concepts is needed, which can rely on commonsense distinctions and concepts as its methodological starting point. As the particular quality of the sciences is located in this claim to distinctness and situation-invariance they cannot be regarded as per definition superior to our everyday knowledge
The Rights of the Relatives within the Deceased Organ Donation Process
No full textWithin the process of organ donation, the healthcare team has to interact closely with the relatives of the potential donors. If the family opposes an organ donation, the transplant coordinator has to decide whether he should continue with the donation process. Two ethically challenging questions need to be discussed. Do relatives have the right to override the patient’s decision to donate or not to donate? Should they be allowed to decide in cases where nothing is known about the patient’s wishes concerning organ donation? It will be argued that the family has the right not to be distressed. However, this doesn’t give them the right to override the potential donor’s decision. Neither does it give them the right to decide for or against a donation in the case that nothing is known about the donor’s wishes concerning organ donation.Como parte del proceso de donación de órganos, el equipo de atención médica tiene que interactuar estrechamente con los familiares de los donantes potenciales. Dos situaciones éticamente difíciles necesitan ser debatidas. ¿Tienen los familiares el derecho de anular la decisión del paciente de donar o no? Si la actitud del donante potencial es desconocida, ¿deberían tener los familiares el derecho de decidir a favor o en contra de la donación? Se sostendrá que el único derecho que debe ser atribuido a la familia es el derecho a no ser angustiada. Sin embargo, esto no les da el derecho de anular la decisión del donante potencial. Tampoco les da derecho a decidir a favor o en contra de una donación en caso de que no se sepa nada acerca de la voluntad del donante
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dealing with Scarcity of Resources in Nursing. The Scope and Limits of Individual Responsibility
Get PDFEmpirical studies show that nursing staff are often unable to perform all the nursing tasks they consider necessary. The phenomenon of incompletely performed nursing tasks is a consequence of the scarcity of resources in patient care and represents a form of rationing of nursing care. Although nursing staff cannot be held responsible for the lack of resources, an approach that has considered ethical aspects is necessary for decisions regarding prioritisation and rationing, as well as for considerations regarding efficiency in nursing care for patients. The phenomenon of incompletely performed nursing care should be addressed not only in the context of nursing science and health economics, but also in the context of ethical interpretation. Within the latter context, it is also possible to define in broad terms the scope and limits of individual responsibility of nursing staff under conditions of scarcity
Das „framing“ der sechsmonatigen Karenzregel in der Lebertransplantation. Ein Beispiel für sprachlich vermittelte Deutungsmuster zur Eingrenzung des Indikationsgebietes
No full text<jats:title>Zusammenfassung</jats:title><jats:p>Die deutschen Richtlinien zur Lebertransplantation sehen vor, dass Patient*innen mit alkoholbedingten Lebererkrankungen in der Regel eine sechsmonatige Karenz nachweisen müssen, bevor sie auf die Warteliste für eine Lebertransplantation aufgenommen werden können. Die international weit verbreitete Karenzregel wurde von Beginn an sehr kritisch diskutiert, da hiermit Patient*innen eine wirksame und potentiell lebensrettende Therapie zumindest vorübergehend vorenthalten wird. Sie kommt in der Praxis einer (vorübergehenden) Eingrenzung der Indikation zur Lebertransplantation gleich. Aus der medizinischen Fachliteratur lassen sich vier Interpretationsrahmen rekonstruieren, die mittels Herausstellung bestimmter Aspekte eine jeweils unterschiedliche Wahrnehmung und Konzeptualisierung der sechsmonatigen Karenzregel begründen. Diese sprachlich vermittelten Deutungsmuster werden von Akteur*innen zur Eingrenzung der Indikation zur Lebertransplantation genutzt. Innerhalb dieser Interpretationsrahmen wird die sechsmonatige Karenzzeit jeweils 1) als diagnostisches Werkzeug zur Bestimmung der Regenerationsfähigkeit der Leber, 2) als prognostisches Werkzeug zur Bestimmung der Erfolgsaussichten einer Transplantation, bzw. 3) zur Bestimmung des Trinkverhaltens nach Transplantation dargestellt. In einem weiteren Rahmen wird die Karenzregel 4) als Ausdruck einer Verpflichtung zur Vermeidung von gesundheitsschädlichem Verhalten interpretiert. Aus diesen vier Interpretationsrahmen ergeben sich unterschiedliche ethische Fragestellungen, die eine systematische ethische Beurteilung der Karenzregel ermöglichen. In den ersten drei Interpretationsrahmen wird wiederum selbst die Frage nach der medizinischen Indiziertheit der Karenzregel aufgeworfen.</jats:p>
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