135,516 research outputs found
A PROPAGAÇÃO DA DEMOCRACIA NA PRIMAVERA ÁRABE: A INFLUÊNCIA DOS FATORES INTERNACIONAIS NA DIFUSÃO DA DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO NA TÚNISIA, NO EGITO E NA LÍBIA
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Sócio-Econômico. Relações Internacionais.A Primavera Árabe teve início em dezembro de 2010 na Tunísia e em um rápido período de tempo se espalhou pela região do norte da África e do Oriente Médio. Esta pesquisa busca entender como um evento isolado se tornou uma série de eventos, analisando a contribuição dos fatores internacionais na proliferação da democracia. Esta pesquisa examina Tunísia, Egito e Líbia e estuda cinco fatores internacionais de difusão da democracia: impacto da vizinhança, clima político regional, incentivos externos, prevalência das condições conjunturais e atores e eventos externos. Tenta-se identificar os fatores internacionais que contribuíram para o início e a disseminação do processo conhecido como Primavera Árabe, na Tunísia, Egito e Líbia. Ao final, conclui-se pela relevância dos fatores internacionais como estopim para a proliferação das revoltas nos três países estudados. Os fatores externos foram fundamentais para propagar a revolta e a democracia pela regiã
A review of maturation and reproduction in closed thelycum penaeids
No full textCommercially important penaeids of the closed thelycum group belong to five subgenera of the genus Penaeus — Penaeus, Fenneropenaeus, Marsupenaeus and Melicertus that are almost exclusively Indo-West Pacific and Farfantepenaeus that is predominantly Western Atlantic. Since the ablation of Penaeus duorarum more than a decade ago, the first for any penaeid, around 23 species have been matured in captivity, 17 of them belonging to the closed thelycum subgenera (P. aztecus, P. brasiliensis, P. californiensis, P. duorarum, P. esculentus, P. indicus, P. japonicus, P. kerathurus, P. latisulcatus, P. merguiensis, P. monodon, P. notialis, P. orientalis, P. paulensis, P. penicillatus, P. plebejus, and P. semisulcatus).
The complete spectrum of controlled reproduction in penaeids covers maturation, spawning, hatching of eggs into viable larvae, and the production of postlarvae to constitute the next batch of broodstock. The full closing of the cycle has been achieved in at least six closed thelycum species whereas gaps, e.g. inability of mature females to spawn or nonhatching of eggs, remain for the others.
Spawners or mature females used in commercial hatcheries and research laboratories are either wild-caught or matured in captivity with human control ranging from nil to a regular closing of the cycle. Wild spawners may be spawned directly after capture and transport or subjected to environmental manipulation, e.g. thermal control to induce or inhibit spawning. Females matured in captivity may come from wild broodstock (adults and subadults caught from estuaries or "sourced" by trawlers from offshore waters) or captive (pond- or tank-reared) broodstock. Introduced or exotic penaeid species must depend on a pond- or tank-reared broodstock whereas indigenous prawns and shrimps may be constituted from wild or captive broodstock.
There are three basic approaches employed singly or in combination to induce ovarian maturation in penaeids — endocrine, dietary or nutritional and environmental. Endocrine manipulation has so far been synonymous with unilateral eyestalk ablation, a technique with far-reaching impact on penaeid aquaculture. Closed thelycum penaeids may be classified into those that require ablation in order to mature and those that do not. To a third group belong species that have been experimentally induced to mature with and without ablation.
Diets for maturation include fresh and frozen animal sources (mussel, clam, oyster, squid, marine worms, shrimps, fish) and formulated pellets given in any combination. The choice of marine worms and mollusks is based on their high levels of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, the dominant fatty acids found in mature ovaries and testes. Environmental parameters studied in relation to maturation include light (intensity, quality and photoperiod), temperature, salinity and pH.
Although a regular closing of the cycle has been achieved for some, the state-of-the-art for most penaeids is the successful production of larvae and postlarvae from either wild spawners or wild immature/spent females matured/rematured in captivity. The improvement of reproductive performance including larval quality from captive broodstock remains a major area for future research and includes the determination of minimum age and size for maturation. The complete description of the nutritional and environmental requirements for maturation should lead to the development of alternatives to ablation such as photoperiod manipulation or the use of reproductive hormones.
The present focus on characterizing the physicochemical and dietary requirements for maturation should be extended to other phases of reproduction: mating, spawning, fertilization and hatching. Studies on biology (molting, mating, fertilization including the cortical reaction) and biochemistry (maturation stages) provide baseline information for designing maturation tanks and formulating broodstock pellets. Investigations of wild stocks complement laboratory studies in elucidating the interrelationships among molting, mating, maturation and spawning.
Manual spermatophore transfer is being developed to solve the problem of nonmating in closed (and open) thelycum species. This technique will also be useful in future hybridization work, together with in vitro fertilization
Il Documento delle sezioni Primavera della Liguria: una lettura trasversale
No full textAnalisi del Documento scaturito dal percorso formativo delle sezioni primavera della Liguria, nel quale vengono evidenziate le "buone pratiche possibili" messe a fuoco dai partecipanti attraverso la riflessione condivisa. Si delineano le idee di bambino, relazione educativa, genitori, sezione Primavera, professionalità educativa presenti trasversalmente nel Document
Cyclic hyperammoniemic encephalopathy and epileptiform triphasic waves: problems in differential diagnosis with nonconvulsive status epilepticus.
No full textINTERNET E DEMOCRACIA: Implicações na Organização Política de Tunísia e Egito a partir da Primavera Árabe
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Sócio-Econômico. Relações Internacionais.A Primavera Árabe, que iniciou em janeiro de 2011 na Tunísia e se espalhou pelo Norte da África e pelo Oriente Médio, foi marcada por ser um movimento que reivindicou, em alguns casos de forma bem sucedida, a democracia em estados que há anos eram se caracterizavam por seus governos autoritários e repressão. Porém, um elemento que marcou este fenômeno ainda mais em seu início, foi o uso da internet para a articulação de protestos e veiculação de informações. Ideias sobre a internet ser vista como ferramenta política voltaram à tona. Esta pesquisa analisa o papel da internet no processo de transição democrática em dois países pioneiros da Primavera Árabe, Tunísia e Egito. Através de uma pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou as teorias democráticas de Rousseau e Dahl; assim como àquelas referentes ao contemporâneo conceito de democracia digital; um histórico do desenvolvimento da internet, a análise de elementos que podem interferir na oscilação do nível de divisão digital como: liberdade na internet, número de usuários da internet, a demografia dos países, o nível de desemprego, os níveis de alfabetização e as taxas de inscrições escolares; e uma correlação destes fatores com a crise da democracia, este trabalho sugere estratégias governamentais gerais para se aumentar a qualidade da democracia por meio do uso da internet e outras específicas às características de Tunísia e Egito, respectivamente
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus during cephalosporin therapy
No full textCephalosporins may induce nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), a potentially reversible condition. Despite the wide use of these antibiotics, there are only few reported cases, because this condition is probably underestimated. We report two new cases of NCSE occurring during treatment with cefepime and ceftazidime, and emphasize the utility of emergent electroencephalogram in patients with an acute altered state of consciousness while receiving treatment with cephalosporins, particularly when there is evidence of impaired renal function
Emergent EEG: Indications and diagnostic yield
No full textIn a recent article, Varelas et al. 1 reviewed the indications and diagnostic yield of emergent EEG (EmEEG) and concluded that although EmEEG was ordered to rule out status epilepticus (SE) in 60.2% of cases, this diagnosis was performed in only 10.7% of patients. Their study was based on about 90% of cases of EmEEG requested in intensive care units, neurology, and neurosurgery services.
We recently evaluated the role of EmEEG in a general hospital population. In the 1-year period (January–December 2002), 434 of the 2453 EEG performed in our service (17.7%) could be identified as EmEEG. Of those, 105 were performed in 53 adult inpatients (mean age 71.1 ± 14.9 years) of internal medicine and surgery departments (several patients had more than one EEG record). We reviewed the reasons for EmEEG requests and the impact of EmEEG in the management of these patients according to a slightly modified version of the guidelines proposed by Hillen and Sage. 2
The most frequent causes of EmEEG request were acute confusional states (38 cases) and unexplained brief loss of consciousness (13 cases). Many patients had more than one etiologic factor. Major metabolic derangements including diabetes and electrolyte imbalance, liver or renal impairment were present in 23 cases (43.3%). Nine patients (16.9%) had cardiac or pulmonary disease; 15 patients (28.3%) had cancer with toxic encephalopathies or metastatic complications; and 5 patients (9.4%) had postsurgical complications. The EmEEG showed abnormalities in 50 patients (94.3%) and was deemed useful in 45 (84.9%). EEG findings and clinical data suggested generalized nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in 9 patients with acute confusional state and showed focal epileptiform discharges in 3 patients.
In internal medicine and surgery departments, the symptom most frequently resulting in requests for EmEEG was a sudden onset of altered mental status. EmEEG were useful in the management of hospitalized patients in about 85% of cases, and epileptiform abnormalities were found in 22.6% of the 53 patients. NCSE is a condition frequently underdiagnosed and confounded by coexisting disorders, and EEG patterns are suggestive but not pathognomonic. 3 In contrast with a recent report, 4 we believe that there are no unique clinical features of NCSE and only prolonged and serial EEG may help the diagnosis—an integration of clinical data and EEG findings. 5 Despite the obvious importance of both neuroimaging and EmEEG, neither investigation can replace the neurologic consultation
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