100,591 research outputs found
Suplementasi Prill Fat Minyak Sawit terhadap Kecernaan Ransum dan Performa Sapi Perah
No full textPrill fat adalah minyak nabati yang terhidrogenasi dan mengandung lebih dari 85% asam palmitat dengan titik leleh yang tinggi. Prill fat tidak meleleh pada suhu rumen dan dapat bypass di dalam rumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur karakteristik fisik prill fat dan penggunaannya pada ternak sapi perah. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga tahap, tahap pertama yaitu pengujian kualitas prill fat yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Industri Pakan, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian tahap II berupa suplementasi ransum menggunakan prill fat secara in vitro dilakukan di Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak Perah, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian tahap III yaitu secara in vivo yang dilakukan di Kawasan Usaha Peternakan (KUNAK II), Cibungbulang, Kabupaten Bogor.
Penelitian secara in vitro menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan: P1 (kontrol tanpa perlakuan), P2 (P1+2% prill fat), P3 (P1+4% prill fat), dan P4 (P1+6% prill fat). Variabel yang diamati meliputi karakteristik fermentasi rumen (pH, konsentrasi volatile fatty acid (VFA) total, konsentrasi ammonia), kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, kecernaan Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) dan Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), dan aktivitas mikroba rumen. Pengujian secara in vivo dilakukan dengan menguji suplemen prill fat pada taraf 2% dibandingkan dengan tanpa penambahan prill fat. Pengujian dilakukan sebanyak 10 ulangan dengan parameter meliputi konsumsi bahan kering (BK), produksi susu, komponen susu, dan profil asam lemak susu menggunakan near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) dan dianalisis menggunakan t-test.
Hasil pengujian in vitro menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi prill fat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi VFA total (P<0.05) dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi ammonia, pH, dan bakteri total. Penurunan secara linier terjadi pada kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik (P<0.01), NDF dan ADF digestibility (P<0.05), total biomasa protozoa (P<0.01), dan populasi bakteri selulolitik (P<0.05). Hasil pengujian secara in vivo menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi 2% prill fat pada performa sapi perah di KUNAK Cibungbulang tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi bahan kering (BK), komponen lemak susu, dan produksi susu. Suplementasi prill fat berpengaruh terhadap profil asam lemak susu dan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan komponen lemak dan produksi susu setelah adanya penambahan prill fat ke dalam ransum sapi perah laktasi.
Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan prill fat terbaik adalah pada taraf 2%. Penambahan prill fat pada taraf 2% tidak mengganggu aktivitas fermentasi rumen dan kecernaan serat. Suplementasi 2% prill fat pada performa sapi perah di KUNAK berpengaruh terhadap profil asam lemak susu, produksi dan komponen lemak susu, serta tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap Atherogenicity Index (AI) dan Hypocholesterolemic/Hypercholesterolemic (HH) ratio
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Identification of Channeling in Pore‐Scale Flows
No full textWe quantify flow channeling at the microscale in three-dimensional porous media. The study is motivated by the recognition that heterogeneity and connectivity of porous media are key drivers of channeling. While efforts in the characterization of this phenomenon mostly address processes at the continuum scale, it is recognized that pore-scale preferential flow may affect the behavior at larger scales. We consider synthetically generated pore structures and rely on geometrical/topological features of subregions of the pore space where clusters of velocity outliers are found. We relate quantitatively the size of such fast channels, formed by pore bodies and pore throats, to key indicators of preferential flow and anomalous transport. Pore-space spatial correlation provides information beyond just pore size distribution and drives the occurrence of these velocity structures. The latter occupy a larger fraction of the pore-space volume in pore throats than in pore bodies and shrink with increasing flow Reynolds number. Plain Language Summary The movement of fluids and dissolved chemicals through porous media is massively affected by the heterogeneous nature of these systems. The presence of "fast channels," that is, preferential flow paths characterized by large velocities persisting over long distances, gives rise to very short solute travel times, with key implications in, for example, environmental risk assessment. While efforts in the characterization of this phenomenon mostly address processes at the continuum (laboratory or field) scale, it is recognized that pore-scale channeling of flow may affect the system behavior at larger scales. Here we provide criteria for the identification of fast channels at the pore scale, addressing feedback between channeling and geometrical/topological features of the investigated porous structures. Our results clearly evidence the major role of well-defined regions in the pore space, termed pore throats, in driving flow channeling. We also find that the strength of channeling is controlled by the characteristic Reynolds number of the flow field.Fraunhofer Award for Young Researchers; EU; MIUR6 month embargo; published online: 13 March 2019This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
Wave turbulence of a rotating array of quantized vortices in the T → 0 temperature limit
No full textThe dynamics of quantized vortices in the zero temperature limit is currently of great interest, particularly in the case of the Fermi superfluid He-B. Here we study wave turbulence, generated by the librating motion of a rotating cylindrical container filled with He-B, in the limit of vanishing viscous forces at temperatures . The polarization of the quantized vortices with respect to the axis of rotation is measured using non-invasive NMR techniques. We observe a decrease of the polarization when the librating motion is started, and a two-stage relaxation process when the modulation of the rotation velocity is stopped. The first relaxation process is associated with the dissipation of large-scale flow stored in inertial waves and the solid body rotation of the vortex array. From the decay of these energy reservoirs we determine the rate of energy dissipation of large-scale flow. The later second process is related to the relaxation of Kelvin waves on individual vortices. This process is monitored by the recovery of the polarization. The existence of a Kelvin wave cascade at the lowest temperatures is currently a central open question. We supply some evidence for the cascade
DNA fusion gene vaccination mobilizes effective anti-leukemic cytotoxic T lymphocytes from a tolerized repertoire
No full textThe majority of known human tumor-associated antigens derive from non-mutated self proteins. T cell tolerance, essential to prevent autoimmunity, must therefore be cautiously circumvented to generate cytotoxic T cell responses against these targets. Our strategy uses DNA fusion vaccines to activate high levels of peptide-specific CTL. Key foreign sequences from tetanus toxin activate tolerance-breaking CD4+ T cell help. Candidate MHC class Ibinding tumor peptide sequences are fused to the C terminus for optimal processing and presentation. To model performance against a leukemia-associated antigen in a tolerized setting, we constructed a fusion vaccine encoding an immunodominant CTL epitopederived from Friend murine leukemia virus gag protein (FMuLVgag) and vaccinated tolerant FMuLVgag-transgenic (gag-Tg) mice. Vaccination with the construct induced epitopespecificIFN-c-producing CD8+ T cells in normal and gag-Tg mice. The frequency and avidity of activated cells were reduced in gag-Tg mice, and no autoimmune injury resulted. However, these CD8+ T cells did exhibit gag-specific cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Also, epitope-specific CTL killed FBL-3 leukemia cells expressing endogenous FMuLVgag antigen and protected against leukemia challenge in vivo. These results demonstrate a simple strategy to engage anti-microbial T cell help to activate epitope-specific polyclonal CD8+ T cell responses from a residual tolerized repertoire
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