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ANALISA PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN TERHADAP SANKSI PIDANA PELAKU PEMERKOSA ANAK DENGAN IMPLIKASI DAMPAK YANG DIDERITA KORBAN (Studi Kasus Putusan No.112/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Kbm)
Get PDFDalam mengantisipasi tindak pidana perkosaan terhadap anak dibawah umur diantaranya dengan memfungsikan instrumen-instrumen hukum pidana secara efektif melalui penegakan hukum dan diupayakan pelaku yang melanggar hukum ditanggulangi secara preventif dan repretif. Hal tersebut diperlukan agar proses peradilan dalam menyelesaikan kasus tindak pidana perkosaan dapat memperoleh keadilan dan pelaku dikenai sanksi pidana setimpal. Karena telah merusak masa depan si korban bahkan dapat menimbulkan akibat buruk pada psikologis perkembangan anak.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis (1) keberadaan sanksi pidana pemerkosaan terhadap anak dilihat dari Hukum Pidana Positif, (2) bentuk analisa pertimbangan hakim terhadap putusan yang diberikan pada perkara No.112/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Kbm, (3) kebijakan formulatif sanksi pidana bagi pelaku pemerkosaan terhadap anak kedepan sebagai wujud rekonstruksi hukum dan nilai demi tercapai rasa keadilan bagi korban anak.
Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis sosiologis. Spesifikasi penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer adalah data yang diperoleh langsung dari lapangan atau dari sumber pertama dan belum diolah oleh pihak lain. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari penelitian kepustakaan yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier.
Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: (1) Berdasarkan isi dari Pasal 81 dan Pasal 82 Perppu Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak, mengatur perubahan sanksi pidana penjara dan pidana denda serta ditambahkannya pidana tambahan bagi pelaku kejahatan seksual dalam hal ini pada pelaku tindak pidana pemerkosaan terhadap anak. (2) Hakim tidak mempertimbangkan motif sebenarnya dari terdakwa pada perkara Nomor 112/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Kbm. Karena dalam kesaksiannya terdakwa tidak hanya sekedar melakukan pelecehan seksual kepada anak dibawah umur melainkan menyetubuhi juga yang artinya terjadi penetrasi alat kelamin Terdakwa masuk ke dalam alat kelamin korban sebagai anak dibawah umur. (3) Pemerintah telah melakukan perubahan terhadap Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak dengan mengesahkan dan memberlakukan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak. Perubahan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak dilakukan untuk lebih mempertegas tentang perlunya pemberatan sanksi pidana bagi pelaku kejahatan terhadap anak, untuk memberikan efek jera, serta mendorong adanya langkah konkret untuk memulihkan kembali fisik, psikis dan sosial anak korban kejahatan.
Kata Kunci: Keadilan, Pemerkosaan, Korban Anak
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Criminal Sanctions of Child Rape with Implications of Impacts Suffered by the Victims
Get PDFThis research aims to examine and analyze the existence of criminal sanctions for rape against children in terms of justice for child victims. In this paper, the author uses a normative juridical method with research specifications in the form of descriptive analysis. Based on the discussion, it is concluded that although the legal instruments are owned, but in the course of child protection it has not been able to run effectively because there is still overlap between sectoral laws and regulations related to children. The need for heavier criminal sanctions for perpetrators of crimes against children, to provide a deterrent effect, and to encourage concrete steps to restore the physical, psychological and social aspects of child victims of crime. The second amendment to the Child Protection Law, which was carried out through the enactment of the Perppu, was intended to address the phenomenon of sexual violence against children, provide a deterrent effect on perpetrators, and prevent sexual violence against children. The government feels the need to add to the main punishments that are threatened with the perpetrators in the form of capital punishment and life imprisonment, as well as additional penalties in the form of announcing the identity of the perpetrators. In addition, it also adds provisions regarding actions in the form of chemical castration, installation of electronic detection devices, and rehabilitation
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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