11 research outputs found
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on physical and biochemical characteristics of selected tissue cultured plants
Full text linkThe extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) occurs naturally from the Earth and artificially from human inventions. The electric power lines which lie across many plantations in Malaysia is one of the examples of the source of ELF-EMF. Earlier research demonstrated that some plants exposed to ELF-EMF respond positively in terms of growth and biochemical properties. Therefore, it was hypothesized that ELF-EMF is able to stimulate plant’s growth. The objectives of this study were to develop a suitable ELF-EMF generator, to determine the effects of ELFEMF on plant development, and to analyze the biochemical changes occurs in plants exposed to ELF-EMF. Initially, an ELF-EMF generator, the coGEM 1000 was constructed using four coils of copper wires that were connected to a transformer, a multimeter, and a rheostat. The coGEM 1000 suitable for tissue culture plants is able to produce stable and uniform 6 and 12 mT 50 Hz ELF-EMF in the four coils of the ELF-EMF generator. Four different species of tissue culture plants, namely tobacco plant, banana, orchid, and ficus were exposed to ELF-EMF. All these in vitro plantlets were incubated in a controlled environment prior to exposure to 6 and 12 mT of 50 Hz ELF-EMF for a period of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 hours. The parameters observed were the number of shoots, shoot height, and number of leaves (growth characteristics) and biochemical properties, such as chlorophyll a and b content, total chlorophyll content, ratio chlorophyll a/b, carotene content, and activities of the enzymes namely catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GR). For tobacco plant, the exposure to 6 mT ELF-EMF for an hour had increased the shoot height (3 cm),chlorophyll a (32.8 mg/g) and SOD activity (1.9 U/mg protein); whereas,the exposure to 6 mT ELF-EMF for 0.5 hour had increased the number of shoots (1.4) and total soluble proteins (23.3 mg/g) of the banana plant. However for orchid plants, higher ELF-EMF the exposure to (12 mT) for longer duration (4 hours) had induced a high number of shoots (3.5),number of leaves (10.2) and CAT enzyme activity (1.0 U/mg protein). In contrast to the former, ficus plant exposed to extended periode of ELFEMF did not induce any changes in the growth characteristics. However;the exposure of ficus plant to 12 mT ELF-EMF for 4 hours showed an increased in the activity of CAT (9.8 U/mg protein) and APX (13.2 U/mg protein). It is concluded that different plant species requires different strength and duration of exposure to ELF-EMF to promote growth and development. In addition, the exposures of the selected plant species to the ELF-EMF were able to promote the plant abilities to resist the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in tissue culture. These have been illustrated by the increase of the various antioxidative enzymes activities (SOD, CAT and APX) presence in the selected plants species (viz. tobacco, orchid, and ficus plant, respectively). These results suggest that the application of ELF-EMF may help to promote in vitro plant growth through creating a plant that can resist the ROS. This findings provide a foundation for further apllication of the ELF-EMF in promoting plant growth
Genetic uniformity study of parent and progeny relationship of the Papaya Merah Delima using RAPD markers
No full textGenetic variability on inter and intra population of Salacca Pondoh and salacca Jawa crosses
No full textIdentifikasi Molekuler dan Analisis Kekerabatan Aksesi Nenas Menggunakan Marka RAPD Menunjang Perakitan Varietas Unggul Baru
Full text link(Molecular Identification and Relationships Among Several Pineapple Accessions Using RAPD Marker to Support the Assembling New Varieties)Produksi dan produktivitas nenas dapat ditingkatkan antara lain melalui penggunaan varietas unggul. Dalam perakitan varietas, dibutuhkan informasi hubungan kekerabatan antartetuanya agar diperoleh efek heterosis yang tinggi melalui kegiatan identifikasi secara molekuler. Penelitian bertujuan (1) mengetahui tingkat polimorfisme primer yang digunakan,(2) mengidentifikasi fragmen DNA spesifik yang membedakan individu atau kelompok individu nenas, dan (3) mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan antarspesies dan aksesi nenas. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Mei–Desember 2014 di Laboratorium Uji Mutu Benih dan Molekuler Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 19 aksesi dari empat spesies nenas (Ananas comosus, A. bracteatus, A. lucidus, dan A. nanus). Sebanyak 20 marka rapid amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) digunakan dalam analisis. Data diskor secara biner kemudian dianalisis menggunakan program NTSYSpc 2,1x. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa polimorfisme 20 primer yang diuji berkisar 33–100% dengan rata-rata 87%. Primer dengan tingkat polimorfisme 100%, yaitu RAPD3, OPA13, OPAV3, OPC12, OPC16, dan OPY15. Kelompok Cayenne dicirikan oleh marka RAPD1 ukuran1.000 base-pair (bp) dan OPAV3 700 bp. Kelompok Queen dapat diidentifikasikan oleh marka RAPD3 ukuran 700 bp, kelompok Spanish dengan marka RAPD2 dan RAPD3 ukuran 1.500 bp. Analisis kluster menunjukkan bahwa 19 aksesi yang diuji terpisah menjadi enam kelompok pada koefisien kesamaan genetik 0,75, yaitu kelompok Queen, Cayenne, Spanish, A. bracteatus, A. lucidus, dan A. nanus. Aksesi yang diuji mempunyai keragaman genetik yang luas dengan koefisien kesamaan genetik berkisar 0,41–0,85. Aksesi yang mempunyai kesamaan genetik tertinggi, yaitu antara N-73 dengan BB (0,85) dan terkecil, yaitu antara N-94 (A. nanus) dengan N-18 (Green Spanish) sebesar 0,41. Implikasi hasil penelitian adalah aksesi yang mempunyai kesamaan genetik tinggi salah satunya dapat dieliminasi untuk efisiensi dalam pengelolaan plasma nutfah, sedangkan aksesi-aksesi yang memiliki kesamaan genetik kecil, baik digunakan sebagai tetua persilangan agar diperoleh variabilitas genetik yang luas dan efek heterosis yang tinggi.KeywordsAnanas spp.; Identifikasi; Karakterisasi; Kekerabatan genetik; Molekuler
Systematic Literature Review on Application of Biotechnology on Salak (Salacca spp.) Breeding Program Acceleration: The Unsolved Mysteries
Full text linkSalak (Salacca spp.) is a tropical fruit native to Indonesia that has various benefits for human health. Salak breeding programs to produce new superior varieties are constrained by the long-life cycle of the plant, making it difficult to select the desired traits. Few systematic literature reviews have been conducted on salak breeding. The present article was written to analyse the existing literature on application of plant biotechnology on salak breeding program. Guided by the PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) review method, a systematic review of the Scopus and Google Scholar databases identified 42 eligible related studies. The literature screening process was conducted using Mixed Method Appraisal Tool, whereas the bibliometric network analysis was conducted using VOS viewer software. Further review of these articles resulted in three main themes – genomics, metabolomics, and tissue culture. These three themes produced a total of eight sub-themes. The application of biotechnology on salak plant breeding are still limited, the genomic and metabolomic of this tropical fruit are still a mystery. Several future perspectives for salak’s breeding program includes deeper study on the plant’s genomic aspects, such as genotyping by sequencing, genome mapping, and development molecular marker assisted selection
Genomic Profiling of F1 Hybrids of Durian (Durio zibethinus) Revealed by RAPD-PCR
No full textThe molecular analysis of 32 durian F1 hybrids, resulted from crossing of the Arp 8990 (female parent) and ‘Otong’ (male parent), was conducted in order to determine the genetic characteristics of hybrids and parents, as it would be followed/evidenced by the variability of traits produced from the cross breeding. The RAPD analyses of 14 primers resulted in 114 scoring bands, 112 (98.2%) of them were polymorphic, with 4 to 11 bands amplified per primer. The electrophoresis gel of the PCR results revealed that some hybrids produced different band patterns compared to the parents; this indicated the crossing between parents’ alleles and trait combinations from both the parents. The Dice-Sorensen similarity coefficient demonstrated that most of the hybrids had distant genetic similarities with both parents, which were ranged from 0.141 [71B(4) and 72B(15)] to 0.776 [71B(15) and 48B(1)]. The UPGMA method was used to construct the dendrogram, which grouped the hybrids in five clusters with distinct genetic relationships and was confirmed with the PCA analysis. This result implied that above crossing produced hybrids having characters different from the parents
Teknik Enkapsulasi Sederhana untuk Konservasi In vitro Jangka Menengah Tanaman Nenas (Ananas comosus) [Simple Encapsulation Technique for Medium Term Pineapple (Ananas comosus) In vitro Conservation]
Full text linkKonservasi in vitro tanaman nenas dilakukan untuk penyimpanan materi genetik sebelum dimanfaatkan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengembangkan teknik enkapsulasi yang dapat memperpanjang daya simpan benih sintetik nenas melalui perlakuan konsentrasi natrium alginat, suhu, dan media penyimpanan. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, mulai Januari hingga Desember 2017. Bahan yang digunakan adalah plantlet nenas aksesi 5X18(10). Penelitian dibagi menjadi dua subkegiatan. Metode yang digunakan pada subkegiatan pertama yaitu tunas mikro nenas dienkapulasi dengan metode tetes menggunakan natrium alginat 3% dan 4% serta penyimpanan dalam akuades steril dan tanpa media selama 30, 60, 120, dan 240 hari pada suhu 25oC. Penggunaan 4% natrium alginat dan media akuades steril dapat memperpanjang masa simpan benih sintetik nenas hingga 240 hari dengan daya regenerasi benih 100%. Pada subkegiatan kedua, perlakuan terbaik pada subkegiatan pertama dilanjutkan dengan perlakuan suhu penyimpanan 4oC. Benih sintetik nenas pada suhu penyimpanan tersebut hanya mampu bertahan hingga 60 hari, selebihnya tunas dalam benih menghitam dan tidak dapat ditumbuhkan kembali. Metode enkapsulasi untuk penyimpanan materi genetik yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini lebih sederhana dan efisien serta dapat diaplikasikan pada kegiatan konservasi in vitro jangka menengah tanaman nenas.KeywordsEnkapsulasi; Konservasi; In vitro; Tanaman nenasAbstractIn vitro conservation of pineapple was conducted as preservation of genetic material before it was further utilized. This research was conducted to obtain encapsulation technique which expanded synthetic seeds shelf life by modifying concentration of sodium alginate, incubation media, and temperature. The research was conducted on Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute on January to December 2017. The materials which were used included pineapple micro shoots accessions 5X18(10). The research was divided into subactivities. The method which was applied on the first subactivity included encapsulation of pineapple micro shoots using drop method with sodium alginate 3% and 4%,incubation media sterile aquades and without media for 30, 60, 120, and 240 days on 25oC temperature.The use of 4% sodium alginate and sterile aquades incubation media prolonged the pineapple shelf life up to 240 days with 100% regeneration capability. On the second subactivity, the best treatment on the first activity was combined with 4oC incubation temperature. The pineapple synthetic seeds on this incubation temperature only survive up to 60 days, became blackening, and could not be regrowth. Encapsulation method which was developed on this study was simpler, more efficient, and able to be applied for medium term pineapple in vitro conservation
The Impact of Household Waste on Environmental Pollution in Negeri Passo, Baguala District, Ambon City
Full text linkHousehold waste or garbage comes from daily household activities that do not include feces or specific waste. Household waste can affect environmental pollution through decreased water quality, which will affect the level of health of others. On that basis, the author conducted a study to determine the Impact of Household Waste on Environmental Pollution in Negeri Passo, Baguala District, Ambon City. In this study, using the Qualitative Descriptive Research Type, the data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques researchers obtain data from the field, which are analyzed according to the categories of data collected, namely observation/observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that the impact of the waste significantly affects the poor air quality near the waste, which can hurt the surrounding community by creating an unpleasant odor and creating many flies in the area, especially during the rainy season. Meanwhile, based on the results of laboratory tests to determine water quality, it was found that the results of the three water sources tested had very high E-coli. The furthest source (A) was 2.0, the slightly closest source (B) was 6.8, and the closest source (C) was 12
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field generator suitable for plant in vitro studies
No full textBreeding More Crops in Less Time: A Perspective on Speed Breeding
Full text linkBreeding crops in a conventional way demands considerable time, space, inputs for selection, and the subsequent crossing of desirable plants. The duration of the seed-to-seed cycle is one of the crucial bottlenecks in the progress of plant research and breeding. In this context, speed breeding (SB), relying mainly on photoperiod extension, temperature control, and early seed harvest, has the potential to accelerate the rate of plant improvement. Well demonstrated in the case of long-day plants, the SB protocols are being extended to short-day plants to reduce the generation interval time. Flexibility in SB protocols allows them to align and integrate with diverse research purposes including population development, genomic selection, phenotyping, and genomic editing. In this review, we discuss the different SB methodologies and their application to hasten future plant improvement. Though SB has been extensively used in plant phenotyping and the pyramiding of multiple traits for the development of new crop varieties, certain challenges and limitations hamper its widespread application across diverse crops. However, the existing constraints can be resolved by further optimization of the SB protocols for critical food crops and their efficient integration in plant breeding pipelines
