98,871 research outputs found
Prosodic evidential and epistemic markers in Sardinian yes-no questions
No full textLittle has been said about the role of prosody as a marker of evidentiality and epistemicity. Whereas evidentiality refers to the marking of the source of information in a proposition, epistemicity refers to the expression of a speaker’s certainty about the truth value of his/her proposition (De Haan 2001). Crosslinguistically, evidentiality and epistemicity can be marked through different linguistic strategies. For example, evidential markers can be instantiated either morphologically (e.g., díiga apé-wi ‘I played football (I saw it)’ in Tuyuca: Papafragou et al. 2007) or lexically (Cruschina & Remberger 2008). On the other hand, epistemicity has been reported to be marked lexically (e.g., That would be my roommate in English: Gravano et al. 2008) and also prosodically through the use of distinct intonation contours (Vanrell et al. 2010).
Typologically, Sardinian constitutes a good test case to investigate the expression of evidentiality and epistemicity in yes-no questions, which can be expressed in a number of ways. For example, they can present a special intonation as in (1) or word order changes as in (2), or they can be headed by the particle a or nachi (na(rat) chi, ‘s/he says that’), see (3) and (4):
(1) Mandarinu, a che nd’at?¡H+L* L% ‘Do you have tangerines?’ vs. Nachi benis a mandigare?H+L* L% ‘Are you coming to eat (I suppose so)?’ vs. Sa una est? ¡H*+L L% ‘Is it one o’clock? ’ (Vanrell et al. 2011).
(2) Mandicatu as? ‘Have you eaten?’ (Remberger 2010).
(3) A benis a jocare chin mecus? ‘Are you coming to play with me?’ (Jones 1993).
(4) Nachi benis a mandigare? ‘Are you coming to eat (I suppose so)?’ (Vanrell et al. 2011).
The goal of this research is to test experimentally how prosody interacts with lexicosyntactic structure in conveying evidentiality and epistemicity. The preliminary corpus analyzed was obtained by means of the Discourse Completion Test methodology (Nurani 2009), using a prompted response questionnaire. Following Sudo’s (to appear) proposal, we created a set of situations which contained different combinations of evidential and epistemic conditions (e.g., ‘It’s time for lunch and your daughter arrives home. You know that she does not eat a lot, but today she seems to be hungry. Ask her whether she is hungry’). For instance, this specific situation was evidentially biased for a positive answer to the question and epistemically biased for a negative answer. 11 female speakers of Logudorese Sardinian participated in this experiment. We elicited a total of 26 situations x 11 speakers, yielding a total of 286 utterances. For the work presented here, the data from 3 speakers were annotated in terms of prosody and use of lexical and syntactic markers. The preliminary results clearly confirm that unbiased yes-no questions are systematically headed by the particle a and also characterized by the upstepped falling nuclear accent ¡H+L* L% (84% of the time) (Fig. 1). By contrast, biased yes-no questions (be it epistemically or evidentially) present fronted constituents (87%) and the rising-falling H*+L L% intonational pattern (83%) (Fig. 2). However, when the bias leads to a negative answer, it can also be marked by means of negation (47%), which is incompatible with fronting, and rising-falling contours (62%) (Fig. 3). In addition, differences concerning the nature of the bias, evidential or epistemic, are found. All in all, the results suggest that there is an important correlation between the syntactic/lexical form chosen and the intonational contour choice. It is thus clear that prosodic markers of epistemicity and evidentiality in questions have to be studied hand in hand with their lexicosyntactic properties. The innovation of this work lies in including two different types of bias in yes-no questions, evidential and epistemic, and in considering that these biases can also be grammatically encoded in prosody.
Figure 1: Waveform and f0 contour of the utterance De tumatas, a nd’as? (‘Do you have tomatoes?’).
Figure 2: Waveform and f0 contour of the utterance Ma cuddu líberu est, custu pacu?(‘But is that the book?’).
Figure 3: Waveform and f0 contour of the utterance E tando no nd’endides pius, de ‘irdura? (‘So you are not going to sell vegetables anymore?’).
References
Cruschina, S., Remberger, E.-M. 2008. Hearsay and reported speech. Evidentiality in Romance. In Benincà, P., Damonte, F., Penello, N. (eds.), Selected Proceedings of the 34th Incontro di Grammatica Generativa. Padova: Unipress (Special issue Rivista di Grammatica Generativa, vol. 33), 95-116.
De Haan, F. 2001. The relation between modality and evidentiality. In Müller, R., Reis, M. (eds.), Modalität und Modalverben im Deutschen. Linguistische Berichte, Sonderheft 9. Hamburg: H. Buske, 201-216.
Gravano, A., Benus, S., Hirschberg, J., Sneed German, E., Ward, G. 2008. The effect of contour type and epistemic modality on the assessment of speaker certainty. In Barbosa, P. A., Madureira, S., Reis, C. (eds.), Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2008. Campinas: ISCA Archive, 401-404.
Jones, M. A. 1993. Sintassi della lingua sarda. Cagliari: Condaghes.
Nurani, L. M. 2009. Methodological issue in pragmatic research: is discourse completion test a reliable data collection instrument?. Jurnal Sosioteknologi Edisi 17 Tahun 8, 667-678.
Papafragou, A., Li, P., Choi, Y., Han, Ch. 2007. Evidentiality in language and cognition. Cognition 103, 253-299.
Remberger, E.-M. 2010. Left-peripheral interactions in Sardinian. Lingua 120, 555-581.
Sudo, Y. To appear. Biased polar questions in English and Japanese. In: Gutzman, D., Gärtner, H. M. (eds.), Expressives and Other Kinds of Non-truth-conditional meaning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Vanrell, M. M., Mascaró, I., Torres-Tamarit, F., Prieto, P. 2010. When intonation plays the main character: information- vs. confirmation-seeking questions in Majorcan Catalan. Proceedings Speech Prosody 2010 100168: 1-4, ISBN: 978-0-557-51931-6. (5 November 2011).
Vanrell, M.M., Schirru, C., Ballone, F., Prieto, P. 2011. Sard_ToBI. Paper presented at Workshop on Romance ToBI. (5 November 2011)
Turonychus fadriquei Derkarabetian, Prieto and Giribet 2021, sp. nov.
No full textTuronychus fadriquei Derkarabetian, Prieto and Giribet, sp. nov. (Fig. 7 B, 9, 10) ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2C2B4A48-DEE4-4860-BCB3-8A3E52504E0B Type material Holotype male (MNCN 20.02/19649, ex-ZUPV ARACH#5155) from Spain: Aragón, Teruel, Fortanete, La Cija Cave (Sima de La Cija), 40.57933 N, 0.55978 W, elev. 1575 m, collected on 26 July 2014 by F. Fadrique and Carlos Prieto. All paratypes are from the same locality as the holotype. Two female paratypes (MNCN 20.02/19650, ex-ZUPV ARACH#5156) with same collection information as holotype. Two female paratypes (MCZ:IZ:152706; ex-ZUPV ARACH#5353) collected on 16 June 2015 by F. Fadrique (genetic voucher). Two female paratypes (ex-ZUPV ARACH#5122; both used for SEM and optical microscopy) from same locality, collected on 18 April 2014 by F. Fadrique. One female and one juvenile paratype (ZUPV ARACH#5734) collected on 17 August 2018 by F. Fadrique. Two female paratypes (ZUPV ARACH #5999) collected on 27 December 2019 by F. Fadrique. One female paratype collected on 9 July 2014 by F. Fadrique (MCZ:IZ:152704, genetic voucher). Three female paratypes collected on 9 July 2014 by F. Fadrique and S. Pastor (deposited in MCZ; MNCN 20.02/19651, MCZ: IZ:152705, genetic voucher). Diagnosis As per genus. Description Male holotype (n = 1). Scutum length 1.21, width at widest point 1.1, width at narrowest point 0.8. Integument colour yellow, without any black pigmentation (Fig. 9 A). Integument with microtuberculate-rivulose-microgranulate morphology of Murphree (1988) (Fig. 10 B). Anterior margin of carapace smooth. Scutal segments 6 – 8 each with 1 – 2 small spinebearing tubercles on the lateral margins (Fig. 9 A, 10 A). Pedipalp femur with a series of small spine-bearing tubercles dorsally, four elongate spines ventrally (three basal, one distal), one elongate spine on the prolateral surface distally; patella with one spine on the prolateral surface distally; tibia with two spines on the retrolateral surface and three spines on the prolateral surface; tarsus with three spines on each side (Fig. 9 B, 10 E, F). Leg II length 9.25. Tarsal formula 5,15,4,4. Penis with two elongate articulated lobes; deeply bifurcate ventral plate with two superior (dorsal) and three inferior (ventral) spines on each half; stylus expanded apically, forming into two lobes (Fig. 7 B). Female. Very similar to male. Tarsal formula 4 – 5,13 – 14,4,4. Distribution Known only from the type locality. Comments The cave is structured in a joint stratification located at an anticline, which results in an almost complete vertical cave with a total depth of 117 m and length of 1343 m (Porcel and Gordillo 1997). It has an average temperature of 8.35 C and a relative humidity of 97.46% (Fadrique, pers. comm.). The biodiversity of this cave (Jordana et al. 2012; Ortuño et al. 2017; unpubl. data) is composed of oribatid and mesostigmate mites, collembolans including two troglobionts (Pygmarrhopalites maestrazgoensis Jordana, Fadrique & Baquero, 2012 and Oncopodura fadriquei Jordana & Baquero, 2012), and others such as Megalothorax minimus Willem, 1900, Heteromurus nitidus (Templeton, 1835), Schaefferia decemoculata (Stach, 1939) and Pseudosinella encrusae Gisin & da Gama, 1969, and four predators, including the campodeid Campodea maestrazgoensis Sendra & Escolà, 2004, the carabid Paraphaenops fadriquei Ortuño & Faille, 2017, the linyphid spider Palliduphantes sp. (J. Fernández, pers. comm.), in addition to the laniator Turonychus fadriquei, gen. et sp. nov. It is likely these predators feed on Diptera of different families (Sciaroidea, Platypezoidea, Lauxaniidae and Phoridae) that have also been recorded. Etymology The specific epithet is in honour of Floren Fadrique, who discovered this species and made the specimens available to us.Published as part of Derkarabetian, Shahan, Baker, Caitlin M., Hedin, Marshal, Prieto, Carlos E. & Giribet, Gonzalo, 2021, Phylogenomic re-evaluation of Triaenonychoidea (Opiliones: Laniatores), and systematics of Triaenonychidae, including new families, genera and species, pp. 277-288 in Invertebrate Systematics 167 (1) on pages 145-147, DOI: 10.1071/is20047, http://zenodo.org/record/453130
Parecer del M. Fr. Gaspar Prieto ... Maestro General de todo el Orden de nuestra Señora de la Merced Rede[m]pcion de Cautiuos ... Acerca de la proposicion de su Magestad, en las Cortes que tiene a su Nobilissima Corona de Aragon
No full textSig. A-G2, [ ]1. - Corren exemplars sense colofó, al v. de la p. 27. - Continua en: Segundo parecer del Maestro Fr. Gaspar Prieto ...Sense port. - Text amb postil·les marginals. - Reclams. - Errates en les sig. tip.: E per F. - Capital grav
Results of the Heart Protection Study: Can we still assume a class effect?
No full textStatins share several common features including the mechanism of action, i.e. inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, as well as LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride lowering properties. However, statins show minor differences in chemical structure, lipophilicity that could translate into a different pharmacological properties. For example, simvastatin exerted a more favorable effect on HDL-C levels than did atorvastatin when higher doses of the two drugs were compared. Finally, the major considerations to chose between statins for CVD patient therapy include clinical benefits and safety (i.e. evidence-based medicine). Primary prevention trials with pravastatins and lovastatin and secondary prevention trials with pravastatin, fluvastatin and simvastatin have established the clinical benefits of statins. In addition, HPS study was designed to investigate the benefits of simvastatin 40 mg in a broad range of patients at high risk for heart disease including women, the elderly and those with a history of hearth attacks, diabetes, hypertension or vascular disease. The results show the ability of simvastatin to reduce all causes of mortality, vascular death and cardiovascular morbidity. The trial also confirms the safety of simvastatin 40 mg although 60% of patients were receiving additional pharmacological treatment. In summary, it appears that statins are not the same and the choice of the more appropriate statin in high-risk patients should be driven by the evidence-based medicine both in terms of safety and efficacy
Laurea legalis decana salmantina
No full textSign.: []\p1\s, [calderón]\b1\s-[calderón]\b9\s\p2\s, []\p2\s, A-Z\p6\s, 2A-2P\p6\s, 2Q\p5\s, *\b1\s-*\b9\s\p2\s, *\b10\s\p1\sTexto a dos col.La h. de grab. calc.: "Thomas Prieto inv. del. et sculp. Salmantice à 1740", retrato de Felipe VLa il. calc. en []\p2\s "Thomas Prieto f. Salmantice à 1747", retrato de Fernando V
El papel del tribunal penal internacional para la exyugoslavia en el progreso del derecho internacional humanitario y de la justicia internacional
No full textA Relational Unsupervised Approach to Author Identification
No full textIn the last decades speaking and writing habits have changed.
Many works faced the author identification task by exploiting frequencybased
approaches, numeric techniques or writing style analysis. Following
the last approach we propose a technique for author identification
based on First-Order Logic. Specifically, we translate the complex data
represented by natural language text to complex (relational) patterns
that represent the writing style of an author. Then, we model an author
as the result of clustering the relational descriptions associated to the
sentences. The underlying idea is that such a model can express the typical
way in which an author composes the sentences in his writings. So,
if we can map such writing habits from the unknown-author model to
the known-author model, we can conclude that the author is the same.
Preliminary results are promising and the approach seems viable in real
contexts since it does not need a training phase and performs well also
with short texts
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Tesoro de la doctrina christiana : en el qual, en forma de platicas espirituales, se explica lo que el christiano debe saber ... para saber bien orar, obrar y creer: dividido en tres partes ; tercera parte ...
No full textSign.: []\p2\s, A-Z\p4\s, 2A-Z\p4\s, 3A-F\p4\s, 3G\p2\sErrores de pág. de p.123 pasa a 128 y de 156 a 153Texto con apostillas marginale
Humanismo en la concepción educativa de Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa | Humanism in the educational conception of Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa
No full textEl presente artículo, de naturaleza documental, estudia la concepción educativa del maestro y político venezolano Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa (1902-1993): el humanismo democrático. Se analiza lo que el humanismo es y la significación muy particular que le da Prieto Figueroa como conjunto de contenidos para la formación general e intelectual, de carácter teórico y libresco. También se analiza la dimensión política del humanismo democrático, cuyo sentido reside en la defensa y promoción de los principios democráticos y el trabajo productivo en beneficio de la comunidad, con descuido y menoscabo de la formación integral del educando. Palabras clave: Educación, escuela activa, política, formación integral. ABSTRACT The present article, of documentary nature, studies the educational conception of the Venezuelan teacher and politician Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa (1902-1993): the democratic humanism. It analyzes what humanism is and the very particular significance that Prieto Figueroa gives it as a set of contents for general and intellectual formation, theoretical and academic. The political dimension of democratic humanism is also analyzed, whose meaning lies in the defense and promotion of democratic principles and productive work for the benefit of the community, neglecting and impairing the integral formation of the student. Key words: Education, active school, politics, comprehensive education
- …
