1,354 research outputs found
Continuous and Step-level Pay-off Functions in Public Good Games: A Conceptual Analysis
No full textConflicts between individuals’ and collective interests are ubiquitous in social life. Numerous experimental studies have investigated the resolution of such conflicts using public good games with either continuous or step-level payoff functions. A conceptual analysis using both classic game theory and social exchange theory shows that these two types of games are fundamentally different. A continuous function game is a social dilemma in that it contains a conflict between individual and collective interests whereas a step-level game is primarily a social coordination game. Thus, we conclude that one can not safely generalize results from step-level to continuous form games. Additionally, our analysis shows that the distinction between continuous and single-step games can be blurred by segmenting a continuous function into steps or adding steps to a single-step game. We identify characteristics of the payoff function that conceptually mark the transition from a dilemma to a coordination problem.
Letter from Susanne [Freitas] to the Okine Family, October 29, 1947
No full textThank you note from Susanne Freitas in San Juan Bautista, California, for the chrysanthemum flowers that the Okine's sent to her. She also mentions that she put the flowers on Mrs. Freitas' grave.The Okine Collection contains materials collected by Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine who were Issei flower growers in Whittier, California. It includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, and a photo album. A large portion of the collection consists of family correspondence with Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine, including letters from their Nisei children, Masao and Makoto Okine, both soldiers overseas during World War II, to their Issei parents incarcerated in the Rohwer incarceration camp in McGehee, Arkansas. The correspondence also includes letters from their relatives and friends who are former incarcerees in the camps during the war and have “resettled” in Chicago, Illinois as well as letters from the Okines’ family members in Hiroshima, Japan during the Allied occupation of Japan. In addition, the collection includes a family photo album compiled by Dorothy Ai Aoki, a Nisei daughter to the Okines
Susanne M. Hoffmann discourse on observing the moon
No full textThe process of observing the moon becomes one of the important things to do. Especially in the process determining from the beginning of month kamariyah or often referred as rukyatul hilal. Where is a challenge for the observers to see a very thin moon, moreover with weather conditions that are not always bright? In addition, observing the moon at the time of eclipse can increase the faith in understanding the signs and power of Allah SWT. With regard to the presence of Susanne M. Hoffmann at Islamic Astronomy Master Program Walisongo State Islamic University, the author is very interested in examining her thoughts about observing the moon. Susanne M. Hoffmann is an expert astronomist in the history of science, physics, and didactics. She expressed the bad condition of the sky and the air in Semarang. In addition, Susanne M. Hoffmann also suggested repeating Al-Biruni observation.
This study aims to find out Susanne M. Hoffmann discourse related observing the moon and to know her suggestion to repeat Al-Biruni observation on measuring the distance between two cities. This research includes for qualitative research and includes the type of library research. Primary data is taken from in-depth interviews and documentation of Susanne M. Hoffmann’s writings, works, and photographs. While the secondary data obtained from the documentation of books, journals, and articles of others work related to research. Meanwhile, to study of Susanne M. Hoffmann discourse author uses descriptive analysis method.
The results show, that Susanne M. Hofmann discourse in observing the moon is divided into two lines. First, in response to the poor condition of the sky and air in Indonesia, or Semarang in particular, Susanne M. Hoffmann still recommends doing rukyatul hilal. Furthermore, rukyatul hilal is best to do with the naked eye than using a telescope or optical instrument. Second, about the lunar eclipse, in accordance with the field, she mastered the history of Science. Susanne M. Hoffmann was succeeding to repeat the Al-Biruni observation in measuring the distance of two cities by the lunar eclipse
GENE TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMY
No full textCh. 1. Gene technology and economy / Susanne Lundin & Lynn Åkesson -- Ch. 2. Genetic engineering and economics: a challenge to north-south inequalities / Göte Hansson -- Ch. 3. Medical databases: the Icelandic case / Gísli Pádlsson -- Ch. 4. The commercialization of genes: a patent on breast cancer genes as a pilot case / Håkan Olsson -- Ch. 5. Are european patents an obstacle to Swedish cancer research? / Hans Henrik Lidgard -- Ch. 6. Bioeconomics: between persons and things / Lynn Åkesson -- Ch. 7. Plant breeder's rights or patents? / Arnulf Merker -- Ch. 8. The value of life / Stellan Welin -- Ch. 9. The government of genetic knowledge / Lene Koch -- Ch. 10. The body is worth investing in / Susanne Lundin -- About the author
Study of formaldehyde in coastal Antarctica.
No full textAvec pour objectif de documenter et comprendre ses sources et puits en atmosphère de fond, nous avons réalisé un enregistrement annuel du formaldéhyde troposphérique en Antarctique, sur la base côtière de Dumont d'Urville. Des teneurs mensuelles de 50 pptv en hiver jusqu'à 200 pptv en été ont été mesurées. Au printemps, et été et à l'automne, un cycle journalier a été observé, avec un maximum l'après midi et une amplitude d'environ 40 pptv. Les artéfacts observés avec les appareils utilisés pour la mesure de HCHO (AeroLaser 4021), liés aux variations de température dans le local de mesure et pouvant induire des biais de 50 à 100 pptv, ont été éliminés en adaptant notre méthode analytique. Le formaldéhyde étant produit lors des combustions, l'influence des sources de contamination locales a été examinée en détail. Les sources de combustion par la station augmentent sporadiquement de 150 pptv au maximum les moyennes horaires. Une source locale d'émission par les sols ornithogéniques en liaison avec la présence des Manchots Adélie peut influencer jusqu'à 200 pptv les moyennes horaires en été. Au total, ces deux sources locales peuvent surestimer d'un facteur 5 au maximum l'amplitude du cycle journalier observé et impacter jusqu'à 100 pptv les moyennes mensuelles en été. Suivant ce constat, les données brutes ont été filtrées selon des critères météorologiques locaux pour éliminer toute contamination potentielle. L'étude des sources et puits en phase gaz a été réalisée à l'aide d'un modèle de photochimie développé pour les conditions de DDU. Nos résultats montrent que l'oxydation du méthane domine le budget en été (80%) du fait des fortes teneurs en radicaux HOx et en NOx en liaison avec l'impact du plateau Antarctique atteignant DDU. Le méthyl-hydroperoxyde constitue une source secondaire significative de HCHO en phase gaz (20% de l'oxydation du méthane), tandis que les faibles teneurs en hydrocarbures non-méthaniques mesurées en été nous amène à évaluer la contribution de cette source initialement attendue comme importante à moins de 5% de l'oxydation de CH4. A la différence d'autres observations en Mer de Weddell, les composés halogénés semblent avoir une influence relativement limitée dans le cas de Dumont d'Urville (10% du budget total au maximum). Suivant nos estimations, l'apport continental efficace permet d'envisager une source d'émission par le manteau neigeux du plateau. Celle-ci constitue une source secondaire relativement faible en été (10%) mais domine le budget hivernal (70%). Notre exercice de modélisation sur l'échelle saisonnière et journalière souligne la nécessité d'associer les processus en phase gaz avec les flux d'émission par la neige et de dépôt afin de reproduire correctement les observations.With the aim to investigate the production and destruction mechanisms of formaldehyde (HCHO) on a seasonal scale in the remote troposphere, HCHO was monitored over a 13-months period at Dumont d'Urville station, located near the East Coast of the Antarctic continent. Monthly means of 50 ppt in winter and up to 200 ppt in summer were measured. In spring, summer and autumn, a daily variation was detected with amplitude of ≈40 ppt and a maximum during the afternoon. The analytical instrument (Aerolaser, AL4021) deployed for the measurements, was found to be extremely sensitive to ambient temperature variations. The origin of the temperature dependence was investigated, and the deployed analytical method was adapted to eliminate this artefact. The impact of local contamination sources at the measurement site was explored in detail. Anthropogenic combustions were found to have a limited impact (maximum 150 pptv on hourly means) versus a local emission source from ornithogenic soils, induced by the omni-presence of Adelie penguins on the site in summer (maximum 200 pptv on hourly means). From november to march, these sources can introduce an overestimation by a factor 5 of the daily HCHO amplitude, while the influence on the monthly averaged budget can account up to 100 ppt. The raw dataset was thoroughly filtered using local meteorological criteria to eliminate any potential contamination. HCHO measurements were compared to simulations made with a numerical box model developed on the base of the current understanding of the photochemical sources and sinks of HCHO. During summer, methane oxidation was found to be the major source of HCHO production, likely due to enhanced levels of oxidants such as hydroxyl radical (OH) or nitrogen oxide (NO) occurring at DDU since this coastal site is under strong continental influence. Snow emissions and HCHO formation via methyl-hydroperoxyde oxidation complete the summer budget (respectively 10 to 20% of the CH4 oxidation). In contrary to what was observed for the Weddell Sea area, halogens chemistry is probably unlikely to contribute significantly at Dumont d'Urville (<10% of the CH4 oxidation). Finally, the initially attended summer source originating from non-methane hydrocarbons oxidation was found to be inefficient and to contribute only with less than 5 % of the CH4 oxidation. During winter the snowpack source was found to be preponderant (70% of CH4 oxidation) versus the gas phase chemistry sources of HCHO. Model investigations, performed on a seasonal and daily scale have shown that gas phase processes together with deposition and snow emission have to be considered to achieve a correct reconstruction of the observations
Susanne K. Langer and the Definition of Art
No full textThis essay aims to analyze the conception of a work of art in the thought of Susanne K. Langer. The author offers us a definition of art, grounded on the idea that art is the “creation of symbolic forms of human feeling”. This thesis is, in turn, constructed from a robust theory of the symbolic function of the human mind
"The poetics of everyday life": the sublime as an aesthetic force in the lyric poetry of Emily Dickinson and Annette Von Droste-Hülshohh
No full textEmily Dickinson's and Annette von Droste-Hülshoff's poetry of the everyday is transfigured by the sublime. The dissertation uses close reading to stress form, suggesting that poetic practice cannot fold into the group mind-set of much late twentieth-century feminist literary criticism which tended to analyze women's writing in isolation as symptomatic of issues pertaining to gender. The dissertation places these writers firmly in their cultural and historical contexts, establishing parallels between Dickinson's and Droste's milieus. Both authors demonstrate aspects of late-Romanticism / Biedermeier-Romanticism, a reaction or taming of early-Romantic excesses. Thus the dissertation points the direction of women's writing away from gendered formations exclusively, to broader concerns pertaining to culture and society which include but are not limited to gender contingencies.Ph.D.Includes abstractVitaIncludes bibliographical referencesby Susanne Silvia Navarr
L'histoire de la pollution atmosphérique européenne déduite des carottes glaciaires alpines
No full textThe Col du Dôme (CDD) glacier site (4250 m asl, Mont Blanc massif), was investigated for its suitability to reconstruct the anthropogenic atmospheric perturbation over Europe. For that: (1) a 126 m long ice core was analysed in high resolution for major ions, fluor, and light carboxylates, (2) continuous year round measurements of key aerosol species were performed at the CDD site (Vallot Observatory). It is shown that atmospheric relevant information can be extracted in seasonal resolution from the CDD ice at least over the last 80 years, but also that special attention has to be paid on glacier flow effects when interpreting ice records from such a small scaled glacier site in terms of atmospheric changes. The interpretation of the chemical CDD ice core records revealed that summer SO4 2- changes at CDD follow closely the course of anthropogenic SO2 emissions released within 1000 km around the Alps, while winter SO4 2- changes reflect a more limited contamination of the free troposphere at the scale of total Europe. Using the firn/air relation established at CDD, past atmospheric SO4 2- concentrations at 4300 m asl over Europe were reconstructed and compared to current atmospheric model simulations. The natural NO emissions was estimated to amount for ≈20% of the present-day NO budget. While temporal changes of CDD NO3- levels are in agreement with estimated NO emissions in western Europe, this is not true for NH4+ which appears to increase significantly stronger over the last 80 years than current ammonia emission estimates. The examination of the F- and HCl budget revealed that in addition to coal burning, aluminium smelters and waste incineration were the major anthropogenic sources of these species between 1935 and 1975, after 1960, respectively. Finally it was shown that natural inputs dominate here the oxalate budget over the last 80 years, whereas for acetate and formate a significant anthropogenic contribution occurred between 1950 and 1980.La possibilité de reconstruire l'histoire de la pollution atmosphérique Européenne a été exploré au Col du Dôme (CDD) (4250 m d'altitude, Massif du Mont Blanc). Pour cela une carotte de 126 m a été analysé à haute résolution pour les ions majeurs, le F- et les carboxylates, et des mesures atmosphériques continues de l'aérosol effectuées sur le site (Observatoire Vallot). Ceci a montré que des informations atmosphériques peuvent être obtenues avec une résolution saisonnière à partir de la glace du CDD et ce au moins sur les 80 dernières années mais que des précautions sont à prendre pour tenir compte du fluage de la glace lors de l'interprétation de ces signaux en terme de changements atmosphériques. Les enregistrements "glace" montrent que les valeurs estivales de SO4 2- suivent l'évolution des émissions anthropiques de SO2 des pays situés à 1000 km autour des Alpes tandis qu'en hiver elles reflètent plus la contamination diffuse de la troposphère libre à l'échelle de l'Europe entière. En utilisant la relation "air/neige" obtenue à Vallot, les concentrations atmosphériques passées de SO4 2- ont été reconstituées et comparées aux simulations des modèles de chimie. Nous avons estimé que les émissions naturelles représentent environ 20% des émissions actuelles de NO. L'évolution passé de NO3- est en bon accord avec l'histoire des émissions anthropiques de NO de l'Europe, il n'en va pas de même pour NH4+ dont la tendance apparait plus importante que ce que l'on peut attendre avec les estimations actuelles d'émission anthropique de NH3. Notre examen du budget de F- et HCl montrent qu'en plus de la combustion du charbon, l'industrie de l'aluminium et l’incinération des déchets ont été les sources anthropiques majeures de ces composés entre 1935 et 1975, après 1960, respectivement. Finalement les sources naturelles semblent dominer le budget de l'oxalate depuis 80 ans tandis que le formate et l'acétate indiquent une tendance anthropique entre 1950 et 1980
Tagging of Biomedical Articles on CiteULike: A Comparison of User, Author and Professional Indexing
No full textThis paper examines the context of online indexing from the viewpoint of three different groups: users, authors, and professional indexers. User tags, author keywords and descriptors were collected from academic journal articles, which were both indexed in Pubmed and tagged on CiteULike, and analysed. Descriptive statistics, informetric measures, and thesaural term comparison shows that there are important differences in the use of keywords between the three groups in addition to similarities which can be used to enhance support for search and browse. While tags and author keywords were found that matched descriptors exactly, other terms which did not match but provided important expansion to the indexing lexicon were found. These additional terms could be used to enhance support for searching and browsing in article databases as well as to provide invaluable data for entry vocabulary and emergent terminology for regular updates to indexing systems. Additionally, the study suggests that tags support organisation by association to task, projects and subject while making important connections to traditional systems which classify into subject categories
Qui est Rudolf Laban? Perspectives théoriques et méthodologiques pour la construction d’un objet de recherche
No full textRudolf Laban (1879-1958) a été danseur, chorégraphe, théoricien du mouvement, écrivain, pédagogue, producteur/directeur de théâtre, inventeur d’une nouvelle méthode de notation du mouvement, peintre, caricaturiste et conseiller pour l’industrie. Son influence a été décisive pour la naissance et la diffusion de la danse moderne. Sa carrière, autant « extraordinaire » que controversée, a été l’objet de nombreuses études. L’article analyse deux volumes récents consacrés à la pensée et à l’œuvre de Laban en soulignant en évidence les horizons disciplinaires, théoriques et méthodologiques qui les ont produit. Il mettra notamment en évidence de quelle manière les approches théoriques proposent des récits qui contrastent avec les travaux sur l’histoire et la mémoire.Rudolf Laban (1879-1958) was a dancer, a choreographer, a theorist of movement, a writer, a pedagogue, a theater manager, the author of a new movement notation system, a painter, a caricaturist and an industry consultant. His influence has been crucial for the genesis and diffusion of modern dance and his career, extraordinary and controversial, has been the subject of several studies. The article analyzes two recent volumes dedicated to Laban’s thought and work and highlights their respective disciplinary, theoretical and methodological horizons. It also underlines the extent to which different theoretical approaches to the relationship between history and memory can lead to contrasting narratives
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