1,720,988 research outputs found
First-time fathers' experiences during childbirth education, labour and delivery, and during their first year as fathers
No full textIn many western societies, fathers have traditionally assumed the role of breadwinner in the family, leaving responsibilities for parenting to the mother. It was not until the late 20th century that their role as participating and caring fathers evolved, and fathers began to be involved in childbirth and childbirth education. Childbirth education had previously been designed only for the mothers-to-be and was adapted to incorporate the needs of the fathers. The benefit of fathers in the delivery room is important; their participation enhances the future mothers’ well-being and the fathers’ attachment to the child. Recent studies have revealed that fathers experience their participation as positive and exciting, but demanding and requiring support. Since first-time fathers are known to be especially vulnerable, more research focusing on first-time fathers is needed to further investigate their experiences during childbirth education, labour and delivery, and during their first year as fathers, both to identify the fathers’ own needs of support as well as to identify fathers whose needs of support have not been met. The aim of the thesis was to explore first-time fathers’ experiences of childbirth education, childbirth and the first year as father. Studies I –III describe fathers’ experiences of childbirth education (I), childbirth (II) and the first year as a father (III). Study IV reports on the development and validation of an instrument for assessing fathers’ experiences and needs during labour and birth.
Method: In studies I -III descriptive phenomenological interview studies with first-time fathers were carried out. In study IV a questionnaire was developed and validated with exploratory factor analysis, multitrait scaling analysis and known group’s analysis.
Findings: Study I: The fathers’ experiences’ of childbirth education can be described as ‘childbirth education takes a secondary role while simultaneously creating preparedness for birth and fatherhood’.
Study II: The first-time fathers’ experiences’ of childbirth was that it is an interwoven process pendulating between euphoria and agony.
Study III: The fathers’ experiences of the first year as father is to place the baby in the centre without giving up one’s self.
Study IV: Factor analysis yielded four factors comprising 22 items accounting 48.6% of the variance. The domains found were Worry, Information, Emotional support and Acceptance.
Conclusion and implications: In order to provide support it is necessary to develop childbirth education so it better suits both parents. Designing groups for prospective fathers to strengthen their role in the transition to parenthood could be important. First-time fathers’ experience of the woman’s pain, fear of the unknown and the gendered preconceptions of masculine hegemony can be difficult to bear for the father-to-be. To maintain and strengthen childbirth as a mutually shared experience for the couple, the father needs to be recognised and supported both as supporter and as parent-to-be. Midwives and other caregivers have to acknowledge the father as a valued participant with exclusive knowledge of the woman’s needs, but also to be aware of fathers’ needs and the impact of gender aspects. Critical during the first year of fatherhood is that the fathers maintain his own integrity and develop an independent relationship with the child. The assessment instrument adequately taps important aspects of first-time fathers’ experiences of childbirth and may be a useful and sensitive tool for assessing their experiences and needs at labour wards and may be used to help identify fathers in need of extra support and counselling following negative birth experience
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
