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Metabolism and Pathophysiology of Bariatric Surgery: Nutrition, Procedures, Outcomes and Adverse Effects
No full textPathophysiology of Bariatric Surgery: Metabolism, Nutrition, Procedures, Outcomes and Adverse Effects uses a metabolic and nutritional theme to explain the complex interrelationships between obesity and metabolic profiles before and after bariatric surgery. The book is sectioned into seven distinct areas, Features of Obesity, Surgical Procedures, Nutritional Aspects, Metabolic Aspects, Diabetes, Insulin Resistance and Glucose Control, Cardiovascular and Physiological Effects, and Psychological and Behavioral Effects. Included is coverage on the various types of bariatric surgery, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, biliopancreatic diversion, and jejunoileal bypass, as well as the variations upon these procedures. Provides information on diet, nutrition, surgical procedures, outcomes, and side effects in relation to bariatric surgery in one comprehensive text Contains a Dictionary of Terms, Key Facts, and Summary Points in each chapter Includes access to a companion website with accompanying videos.</p
Handbook of Diet and Nutrition in the Menstrual Cycle, Periconception and Fertility
No full textThe reproductive cycle in women is complex and can be considered to begin with epigenetic programming and ending with menopause. Intervening steps involve a variety of processes, including the cellular development of the sex organs, menarche, episodic endocrine cycles, menstruation, ovulation and conception. These processes can be influenced by diet and nutrition and vice versa. Body composition has an impact on the menstrual cycle and periconception and these factors in turn also influence body composition. Similarly, either food deprivation, dietary excess or obesity can result in marked changes in the menstrual cycle with a concomitant effect on fertility.This handbook is the first scientific source that provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship of diet and nutrition with puberty, menarche and menstrual cycle, conception and fertility and infertility. The handbook of diet and nutrition in the menstrual cycle, conception and fertility will benefit dieticians, nutritionists, gynaecologists, endocrinologists, obstetricians, paediatricians and those concerned with women’s health in general
Fluids, energy intake, and stroke
No full textStroke is a leading cause of death and disability, and the incidence is increasing also because of poor dietary habits. Indeed, excessive salt, sugar, or fats lead to the development of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Insufficient calories intake is associated with metabolic disorders and frailty, and excessive energy intake leads to obesity. Poor fluid intake has been shown to be linked to the development of vascular, cardiometabolic, and renal diseases, and it might increase the risk of stroke. Both poor nutrition and poor hydration statuses at admission have been shown to predict unfavorable clinical and functional outcomes after stroke. Additionally, maintaining optimal energy and fluid intake during the hospitalization and following rehabilitation might be further complicated by the presence of dysphagia. This chapter will review the state of the art about nutrition and hydration in stroke patients, and the importance of such factors to promote a healthy recovery
Parkinson's disease, nutrition, and surgery in context of critical care
No full textParkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a higher risk of hospitalization than the general population. Therefore, there is a high likelihood of encountering a person with Parkinson’s disease in acute or critical care. Most people with Parkinson’s disease are over the age of 60 years and are likely to have other concurrent medical conditions. Parkinson’s disease is more likely to be the secondary diagnosis during hospital admission. The primary diagnosis may be due to other medical conditions or as a result of complications from Parkinson’s disease symptoms. Symptoms include motor symptoms, such as slowness of movement and tremor, and non-motor symptoms, such as depression, dysphagia, and constipation. There is a large degree of variation in the presence and degree of symptoms as well as in the rate of progression. There is a range of medications that can be used to manage the motor or non-motor symptoms, and side effects can occur. Improper administration of medications can result in deterioration of the patient’s condition and potentially a life-threatening condition called neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome. Nutrients and delayed gastric emptying may also interfere with intestinal absorption of levodopa, the primary medication used for motor symptom management. Rates of protein-energy malnutrition can be up to 15 % in people with Parkinson’s disease in the community, and this is likely to be higher in the acute or critical care setting. Nutrition-related care in this setting should utilize the Nutrition Care Process and take into account each individual’s Parkinson’s disease motor and non-motor symptoms, the severity of disease, limitations due to the disease, medical management regimen, and nutritional status when planning nutrition interventions. Special considerations may need to be taken into account in relation to meal and medication times and the administration of enteral feeding. Nutrition screening, assessment, and monitoring should occur during admission to minimize the effects of Parkinson's disease symptoms and to optimise nutrition-related outcomes
Zinc Deficiency and DALYs in India: Impact Assessment and Economic Analyses
No full textAlthough less obvious than outright lack of sufficient food, micronutrient malnutrition represents an economic and public health problem in many countries. Over the last years zinc deficiency has emerged as another major micronutrient deficiency, with a large proportion of the population being at risk, especially in the developing world. However, simple quantification of the number of people who suffer from a condition fails to take account of the depth of the problem. For comparison, monitoring or impact assessment purposes as well as cost-effectiveness or more general economic analyses, the health loss of a condition needs to be measured in a more comprehensive index. In this chapter the concept of disability-adjusted life years ( DALYs) is explained and a framework for its application to zinc deficiency is provided. DALYs were developed by the World Bank in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and are today used by many relevant organizations and for analyses in very different fields, in particular at the global level or in developing countries. By weighting the loss of an individual’s functioning due to ill health – relative to death and complete health – DALYs allow measuring morbidity and mortality in a single index that can be aggregated and compared across different conditions. The methodology is explained and discussed, and general data and parameters to calculate the loss of DALYs due to zinc deficiency are reported for the example of India
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