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Metabolism and Pathophysiology of Bariatric Surgery: Nutrition, Procedures, Outcomes and Adverse Effects
No full textPathophysiology of Bariatric Surgery: Metabolism, Nutrition, Procedures, Outcomes and Adverse Effects uses a metabolic and nutritional theme to explain the complex interrelationships between obesity and metabolic profiles before and after bariatric surgery. The book is sectioned into seven distinct areas, Features of Obesity, Surgical Procedures, Nutritional Aspects, Metabolic Aspects, Diabetes, Insulin Resistance and Glucose Control, Cardiovascular and Physiological Effects, and Psychological and Behavioral Effects. Included is coverage on the various types of bariatric surgery, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, biliopancreatic diversion, and jejunoileal bypass, as well as the variations upon these procedures. Provides information on diet, nutrition, surgical procedures, outcomes, and side effects in relation to bariatric surgery in one comprehensive text Contains a Dictionary of Terms, Key Facts, and Summary Points in each chapter Includes access to a companion website with accompanying videos.</p
The urinary excretion of tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites in the chronic ethanol-fed rat
No full textAn investigation was made into the hypothesis that chronic ethanol ingestion disturbs the metabolism of tryptophan which is reflected by alterations in the urinary excretion of the metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), anthranillic acid (AA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA). In particular, we investigated whether experimental chronic alcoholism is associated with a decrease in the tryptophan metabolite ratios as suggested in the literature. Male Wistar rats were chronically fed a nutritionally-complete liquid diet in which ethanol comprised 35% of total calories: controls were pair-fed identical amounts of the same diet in which ethanol was replaced by isocaloric glucose. At 6 weeks, 24 h urine samples were collected for the analysis of tryptophan, 5-HIAA, AA and IAA by HPLC. During ethanol-feeding there were reductions in the daily urinary excretion (i.e. μmol/24 h) of tryptophan (–57%, P = 0·026) and concomitant increases in 5-HIAA excretion (62%, P = 0·057). Expression of data in terms of lean tissue mass (i.e. urinary creatinine) revealed identical conclusions. An analysis was performed on the molar ratios of these urinary analytes. The tryptophan: total metabolite ratio was significantly decreased (by −53%), but the AA: total metabolite ratio was not significantly altered (P = 0·102). The ratios 5-HIAA/AA and 5-HIAA/IAA were slightly increased, but they did not attain statistical significance (P > 0·351). It was concluded that chronic ethanol feeding is associated with significant changes in the urinary excretion of tryptophan and its related metabolites. Many of the above changes were contrary to previous clinical data and this may be due to dietary and nutritional deficiencies or to alterations in the diurnal pattern of 5-hydroxytryptamine and tryptophan metabolism
Handbook of Diet and Nutrition in the Menstrual Cycle, Periconception and Fertility
No full textThe reproductive cycle in women is complex and can be considered to begin with epigenetic programming and ending with menopause. Intervening steps involve a variety of processes, including the cellular development of the sex organs, menarche, episodic endocrine cycles, menstruation, ovulation and conception. These processes can be influenced by diet and nutrition and vice versa. Body composition has an impact on the menstrual cycle and periconception and these factors in turn also influence body composition. Similarly, either food deprivation, dietary excess or obesity can result in marked changes in the menstrual cycle with a concomitant effect on fertility.This handbook is the first scientific source that provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship of diet and nutrition with puberty, menarche and menstrual cycle, conception and fertility and infertility. The handbook of diet and nutrition in the menstrual cycle, conception and fertility will benefit dieticians, nutritionists, gynaecologists, endocrinologists, obstetricians, paediatricians and those concerned with women’s health in general
Fluids, energy intake, and stroke
No full textStroke is a leading cause of death and disability, and the incidence is increasing also because of poor dietary habits. Indeed, excessive salt, sugar, or fats lead to the development of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Insufficient calories intake is associated with metabolic disorders and frailty, and excessive energy intake leads to obesity. Poor fluid intake has been shown to be linked to the development of vascular, cardiometabolic, and renal diseases, and it might increase the risk of stroke. Both poor nutrition and poor hydration statuses at admission have been shown to predict unfavorable clinical and functional outcomes after stroke. Additionally, maintaining optimal energy and fluid intake during the hospitalization and following rehabilitation might be further complicated by the presence of dysphagia. This chapter will review the state of the art about nutrition and hydration in stroke patients, and the importance of such factors to promote a healthy recovery
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