122 research outputs found
A Guide to the Literature on Anchoring: Procedures, Effects, and Mechanisms (Review article)
No full textAnchoring occurs as a result of different cognitive processes, all resulting in the same outcome—a convergence of numerical estimates towards available numbers regardless of their obvious irrelevance. Demonstrable, robust, durable, easy to replicate, and resistant to expertise and interventions, the anchoring effect is found across various domains. This paper presents experimental paradigms of anchoring and reviews the effect's moderators, including characteristics of anchors, environment, and subjects. Also, the necessary and boundary conditions of anchoring are discussed, and existing theoretical models of anchoring are presented along with available debiasing techniques
Vodič kroz literaturu o ukotvljavanju
No full textU osnovi efekta ukotvljavanja stoji nekoliko kognitivnih procesa koji imaju isti ishod
– konvergenciju numeričkih procena ka dostupnim, makar i arbitrarnim brojevima.
Efekat je robustan, trajan, lako se demonstrira i replicira, otporan je na ekspertizu i
intervencije i prisutan u različitim domenima. U radu su prikazane različite paradigme
ukotvljavanja i razmotreni moderatori efekta, kako oni koji se tiču same kotve i karakteristika
situacije suđenja i odlučivanja, tako i oni koji se tiču odlika donosioca sudova i
odluka. Prodiskutovani su i nužni i granični uslovi pojave fenomena, dat pregled postojećih
teorijskih modela i prikazane predložene tehnike za neutralizovanje efekta
A Guide to the Literature on Anchoring: Procedures, Effects, and Mechanisms (Review article)
No full textAnchoring occurs as a result of different cognitive processes, all resulting in the same outcome—a convergence of numerical estimates towards available numbers regardless of their obvious irrelevance. Demonstrable, robust, durable, easy to replicate, and resistant to expertise and interventions, the anchoring effect is found across various domains. This paper presents experimental paradigms of anchoring and reviews the effect's moderators, including characteristics of anchors, environment, and subjects. Also, the necessary and boundary conditions of anchoring are discussed, and existing theoretical models of anchoring are presented along with available debiasing techniques
Confirmation bias in hypothesis testing: A unitary phenomenon?
No full textIt is well established that people tend to favor confirming strategies in hypothesis testing. However, little is known about individual differences in this topic. The present study has two aims: (a) adapting existing experimental tasks on hypothesis testing to measure individual differences, (b) investigating the convergent and discriminant properties of these measures within a multitrait–multimethod framework using a confirmatory factor analysis approach. Participants (N = 200) completed a total of nine behavioral tasks: three tasks (two rule hypothesis testing tasks and a trait hypothesis testing task) measuring three aspects of confirmation bias in information processing (information search, weighing of evidence, memory recall). Scores to most tasks reached satisfactory levels of internal consistency, showing that individual differences in confirmation bias can be reliably measured. The multitrait–multimethod analyses provided moderate evidence for the convergent validity and small to moderate evidence for the discriminant validity of the measures. These findings reveal that confirmation bias is a more unified phenomenon than what has been suggested
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