1,720,967 research outputs found
Noninvasive ventilation and renal replacement therapy in do-not-intubate order critically ill patients: A brief report
No full textIntroduction: Multiple organ failure has been considered a contraindication for noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Materials and methods: We described the outcome of Do-not-Intubate (DNI) patients with acute respiratory failure, treated with NIV and, subsequently, necessitating renal replacement therapy (RRT). Results and discussion: Seven patients admitted to our Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, developed Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) during NIV treatment and received RRT for 12.8 ± 8 days together with NIV. All the patients but one, discontinued renal support because they regained a satisfactory urinary output; nevertheless mortality rate was high (71%). Conclusion: Our data suggest that RRT could be feasible together with NIV. RRT was associated with an acute improvement in renal function but did not modify the mortality rate
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
IMPATTO DEL SISTEMA TNM NELLA STADIAZIONE DEL MICROCITOMA POLMONARE: LA NOSTRA CASISTICA.
No full textBACKGROUND: Il microcitoma polmonare (SCLC, small-cell lung cancer, tumore a piccole cellule del polmone) costituisce circa il 13-20 % di tutte le neoplasie polmonari ed è un tumore altamente aggressivo e rapidamente evolutivo: la malattia non trattata ha una sopravvivenza mediana di 2-4 mesi dalla diagnosi. Le sue peculiarità sono quelle di disseminare precocemente e di dare segno di sè tardivamente.
Sono proprio le stesse caratteristiche negative del microcitoma a renderlo altamente responsivo ai trattamenti chemioterapici e radiotrapici, ma a caratterizzare,purtroppo, le risposte ad essi di breve durata.
L’aggressività e rapida evolutività del microcitoma hanno rappresentato il razionale per la suddivisione della malattia in solo due stadi:
- LD, limited-disease, malattia limitata: tumore di qualsiasi dimensione confinato ad un emitorace, compreso un eventuale coinvolgimento linfonodale omolaterale toracico;
- ED, estended-disease, malattia estesa: tumore con metastasi ematogene a distanza.
Questo sistema fu introdotto originariamente dal Veterans Administration Lung Study Group (VALG) e i due stadi rappresentavano lo spartiacque per dividere i pazienti in quelli che avrebbero ricevuto e beneficiato di chemioterapia più radioterapia, (LD), e in coloro che sarebbero stati trattati con la sola terapia farmacologica. L’ International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), nel 1989, rivisitò per la prima volta questo sitema definendo:
• LD-SCLC come malattia confinata ad un emitorace con eventuale presenza di metastasi linfonodali locoregionali, ovvero i linfonodi ilari, mediastinici e sopraclaveari ipsilaterali e controlaterali;
• ED-SCLC come malattia disseminata.
Questa revisione fa corrispondere la malattia limitata a un campo radioterapico.
I pazienti con versamento pleurico ipsilaterale , neoplastico o reattivo, sono da considerare in malattia limitata, salvo evidenza di metastasi extratoraciche. A questo punto LD-SCLC corrisponderebbe precisamente agli stadi del sistema TNM dall’I al IIIB e ED-SCLC allo stadio IV, ovvero qualsiasi neoplasia con paramentro M1. (tabella) Il TNM (Tumor-Node-Metastasis) è il sistema di stadiazione usato per i tumori non a piccole cellule e per i carcinoidi.
La IASLC propone di introdurre quest'ultimo come sistema stadiativo anche per il microcitoma, revisione che sarà presente nella settima edizione del sistema TNM, avendone dimostrato l'impatto attraverso metanalisi pubblicate nel 2007 e nel 2009.
SCOPO DELLO STUDIO: raccogliendo i pazienti afferiti al nostro centro dal 2004 al 2008 abbiamo confrontato i nostri risultati in termini di sopravvivenza per stadio con quelli ricavati dall'analisi eseguita dalla IASCL.
RISULTATI: i risultati sono concordanti, ovvero i pazienti T1 hanno una sopravvivenza migliore dei pazienti T2 e ,in particolar modo, dei T3 e T4, inoltre quelli in stadio I e II avevano una prognosi differente da quelli in stadio III con coinvolgimento linfonodale N2 o N3 e di quelli in stadio IV.
CONCLUSIONI:Usare il sistema TNM per la stratificazione dei pazienti comporta sia vantaggi in termini di management , che la possibilità di stabilire classi di prognosi più precise e individualizzate. Ciò è molto importante per i soggetti con SCLC, neoplasia dove i progressi terapeutici sono ancora, purtroppo, insoddisfacenti
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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