211 research outputs found
Attitudes to the rights and rewards for author contributions to repositories for teaching and learning
No full textIn the United Kingdom over the past few years there has been a dramatic growth of national and regional repositories to collect and disseminate resources related to teaching and learning. Most notable of these are the Joint Information Systems Committee’s Online Repository for [Learning and Teaching] Materials as well as the Higher Education Academy’s subject specific resource databases. Repositories in general can hold a range of materials not only related to teaching and learning, but more recently the term ‘institutional repository’ is being used to describe a repository that has been established to support open access to a university’s research output. This paper reports on a survey conducted to gather the views of academics, support staff and managers on their past experiences and future expectations of the use of repositories for teaching and learning. The survey explored the rights and rewards associated with the deposit of materials into such repositories. The findings suggest what could be considered to be an ‘ideal’ repository from the contributors’ perspective and also outlines many of the concerns expressed by respondents in the survey
DRM and the Repository
No full textThis presentation provides a state of the art overview of digital rights management technology and practice, discusses DRM within the context of the repository and recommends a research agenda and action plan for the repository community. It was presented at the Open Repositories 2008 conference in Southampton, England, 9 April 2008
RoMEO Studies 6: Rights metadata for open-archiving
No full textThis is the final study in a series of six emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open-archiving) which investigated the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues relating to academic author self-archiving of research papers. It reports the results of a survey of 542 academic authors showing the level of protection required for their open-access research papers. It then describes the selection of an appropriate means of expressing those rights through metadata and the resulting choice of Creative Commons licences. Finally it outlines proposals for communicating rights metadata via the Open Archives Initiative’s Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH)
Online music markets in China: The broader picture and the role of copyright and DRM
No full textChina is one of the most difficult markets in the world for copyright owners. Illegal distribution networks are well established and consumers are used to content that is either free or very cheap. China’s legal system is still in the process of developing and the Chinese gov-ernment regularly fails to enforce its own IP legislation. As a result, translating formal rights into royalty payments is extremely tough. This article, which is based in part on interviews by the author, describes the present communication infrastructure, social habits, and the copyright environment in mainland China. Against this background the potential role of DRM systems and innovative business models is discussed
Enhanced amyloid-beta generation by gamma-secretase complex in DRM microdomains with reduced cholesterol levels
No full textA neuropathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of senile plaques that contain neurotoxic amyloid-beta protein (A beta) species, which are generated by the cleavage of amyloid beta-protein precursor by secretases such as the gamma-secretase complex, preferentially located in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) regions and comprising endoproteolysed amino- and carboxy-terminal fragments of presenilin, nicastrin, anterior pharynx defective 1 and presenilin enhancer 2. Whereas some of familial AD patients harbor causative PSEN mutations that lead to more generation of neurotoxic A beta 42, the contribution of A beta generation to sporadic/late-onset AD remains unclear. We found that the carboxy-terminal fragment of presenilin 1 was redistributed from DRM regions to detergent-soluble membrane (non-DRM) regions in brain tissue samples from individuals with sporadic AD. DRM fractions from AD brain sample had the ability to generate significantly more A beta and had a lower cholesterol content than DRM fractions from non-demented control subjects. We further demonstrated that lowering the cholesterol content of DRM regions from cultured cells contributed to the redistribution of gamma-secretase components and A beta production. Taken together, the present analyses suggest that the lowered cholesterol content in DRM regions may be a cause of sporadic/late-onset AD by enhancing overall A beta generation
LADM based models for sustainable development LA-DRM for disaster prone areas and communities (an example for SDG 1 and SDG 13)
No full textThe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with its defined Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), together with other policies such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, or the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT) stimulate innovative and transformative approaches to secure land and property rights for all. In regard to SDG 13, the Sendai Framework specifically calls for investments in research and the development of a methodology and models for disaster risk management (DRM). Responsible land administration (LA) and DRM both focus on empowering vulnerable groups to become resilient communities. When LA is implemented responsibly, it underpins good land governance and ultimately supports sustainable LA by providing strategies and tools to document all people-to-land relationships. DRM and especially community-based DRM aims to evaluate and manage natural disaster risks at the local level – and highlight the role of communities when it comes to natural disasters. Disaster prevention, response and recovery require information about land tenure. Though, in many high-risk contexts, such records are non-existent or not up to date. A model, LA-DRM, linking the domains of LA and DRM – with the goal of supporting resilience against natural disasters and providing an approach for collecting data once and using it multiple times addresses this issue. A design approach was used to develop the model – with adaption of the international Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) standard, as published in (ISO, 2012) (Lemmen, 2012), (Hay, 2014), (Lemmen, et al., 2015), acting as a basis. Key features of the model include the support of interoperability through standardisation, the inclusion of all people-to-land relationships including those specific to disaster contexts, and the potential of the model to contribute to each of the disaster phases. The LADM model, and its aggregated models, such as the LA-DRM model, though is suggested to be highly applicable in any land related SDG context where no land tenure information exists, or the national mapping authority already uses a LA system compatible with LADM. Overall, the LA-DRM model is considered as a step towards an implementable strategy for applying responsible LA in e.g. the context of DRM and serves as an example of how to support other SDGs
DRM and the Copyright Imbalance
No full textDigital rights management (DRM) systems are increasingly being developed and used in order to protect the commercial interests of copyright holders. These systems have developed over time from singular copy prevention mechanisms towards all-encompassing trusted systems enabling the control of digital content throughout its life cycle and in a multi-media context.
The impossibility of effectively controlling the use of the copyrighted work once it has been put on the market can be seen as a fundamental reason for the legal regulation of copyright. Digital rights management systems seem to provide for an unprecedented ability to control the use of copyrighted works from production to consumption, thereby changing the setting for copyright regulation.
The principal research question of this doctoral thesis concerns how copyright s balance can be restored considering copyright owners increased power to control use through technical and contractual means, possibly backed up by the legal system.
Answering this question requires us first to look into the current regulation of DRM, assessing how the current legislative framework takes into consideration the shift in the power position that DRM offers. Thereafter, the shortcomings of the current legislative framework are analysed in view of the prospective legal dimensions of DRM. This analysis is followed by an assessment of current suggestions for corrective means in the regulation of DRM, which ends in a regulative model proposed by the author.
The method used in the research is that of legal informatics and information law. Legal informatics analyses the interrelationship between law and information and communication technologies. In this thesis, copyright is seen as part of information law and more specifically the modern European information policy, which usually is referred to as the common information area . A fundamental principle emanating form this body of law is the principle of free flow of information, which is used as a guiding principle for the regulative model proposed in this thesis.
The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of DRM as an object of regulation within the copyright system and to further the discussion of the proper regulation of digital rights management systems as a part of a balanced copyright regime.DRM (Digital Rights Management) består av system såsom kopieringsskydd, rättighetsförvaltningssystem och system för elektronisk handel, med hjälp av vilka man elektroniskt hanterar rättigheter till och styr användning av verk. DRM-system används av upphovsmän och andra rättsinnehavare för att på ett aktivt eller passivt sätt skydda innehåll såsom musik, film, spel och datorprogram mot oauktoriserad användning och spridning.
Den rättsliga regleringen av DRM-system förbjuder kringgående av dels tekniska åtgärder och dels information gällande rättighetsförvaltning. Gällande lagstiftning utgår från att DRM-systemen endast används för att säkerställa upphovsrätten i den digitala miljön. Inom rättslitteraturen har man dock framfört farhågor över att DRM-system låser in upphovsrättsliga verk och omkullkastar upphovsrättens balans, dvs. den balans mellan sinsemellan motstridiga intressen och värderingar, som det upphovsrättsliga institutet strävar efter att uppnå. Det rättsliga skyddet av DRM-system har ansetts utgöra ytterligare ett led i den expansion av upphovsrätten som ägt rum.
Avhandlingen analyserar på vilket sätt DRM-system kan sägas öka rättsinnehavarnas kontrollmakt och påverka den upphovsrättsliga balansen. Avhandlingens primära fråga är hur man ur regleringsteoretisk eller rättspolitisk synvinkel kunde återställa upphovsrättens balans med tanke på rättsinnehavarnas ökade möjlighet att kontrollera verksanvändning med hjälp av DRM. Ett aktuellt problem är att upphovsrätten upplevs som allt mindre legitimt och som en allt större börda för verksamhet med primärt icke-kommersiella motiv.
I avhandlingen hävdas att lagstiftarnas syn på DRM har varit alltför snäv, och att DRM-system bör betraktas ur ett bredare perspektiv. Avhandlingen strävar efter att åskådliggöra och öka förståelsen för DRM-systemens rättsliga dimensioner och erbjuder en alternativ modell för hur man kunde återbalansera det upphovsrättsliga systemet med beaktande av de ökade möjligheterna till elektronisk rättighetshantering både till rättsinnehavarnas och till användarnas fördel.
Avhandlingen utgör ett inlägg i diskussionen om hur informationssamhällets upphovsrätt borde utvecklas med beaktande av behovet att sammanjämka kommersiella och icke-kommersiella aspekter samt rättsinnehavares och användares intressen.DRM ja tekijänoikeuden epätasapaino
Oikeuksienhallintajärjestelmiä (Digital Rights Management eli DRM -järjestelmät) käytetään yhä suuremmassa määrin digitaalisen sisällön suojaamiseksi ja sisällöntuottajien kaupallisten intressien turvaamiseksi. Järjestelmät ovat kehittyneet yksinkertaisista kopiosuojauksista kokonaisvaltaisiin oikeuksien hallinnointi- ja suojajärjestelmiin, mikä lisää sisällöntuottajien mahdollisuuksia tehokkaasti määrätä aineiston käytöstä.
Teknisiä suojauksia tai oikeuksien hallinnointia koskevia tietoja ei lain mukaan saa kiertää tai poistaa. Voimassa olevassa lainsäädännössä lähdetään siitä, että DRM-järjestelmiä käytetään tekijänoikeuden turvaamiseksi digitaalisessa ympäristössä. Oikeuksienhallintajärjestelmillä ei siten olisi tekijänoikeusjärjestelmässä vaikutuksia eri intressien tasapainoon. DRM-järjestelmät asettavat kuitenkin käytännössä esteitä myös käytölle, joka kuuluu tekijänoikeuden rajoitusten piiriin ja jonka osalta tekijän määräämisvaltaa on laissa rajoitettu. Oikeuskirjallisuudessa onkin esitetty, että käyttäjien oikeudellista asemaa tulisi parantaa esimerkiksi myöntämällä positiivisia ”käyttöoikeuksia” tai lisäämällä oikeuksia kiertää oikeudenhallintajärjestelmiä.
Väitöskirjan kysymyksenä on, miltä osin DRM-järjestelmien käyttö johtaa tekijänoikeudellisen tasapainon järkkymiseen ja millä tavoin tasapaino voitaisiin palauttaa.
Väitöskirjan aluksi tutkitaan, miten DRM-järjestelmien käyttö lisää sisällöntuottajien määräämisvaltaa ja millä tavoin tämä määräämisvalta on laissa suojattu. Tämän jälkeen analysoidaan DRM-järjestelmien oikeudellisia ulottuvuuksia sen selvittämiseksi, miten ne on huomioitu tekijänoikeudellisessa sääntelyssä. Lopuksi hahmotellaan miten DRM-järjestelmiä tulisi säännellä, jotta sääntelyn vaikutukset eri intressitahojen asemaan olisivat nykyistä tasapainoisemmat.
Väitöskirja on kriittinen puheenvuoro informaatioyhteiskunnan tekijänoikeudellisesta sääntelystä.ei saavutettav
A quasi-experimental method for testing rural design support within a DRM framework
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the quasi-experiment setting to test the formulated design support (developed in the author’s PhD research) within a design research methodology (DRM) framework. This support intends to help designers to consciously engage rural families within a development aid scenario and increase their self-reliance towards their built environment (housing). Design/methodology/approach: This paper elaborates on the setting in which the design support was tested within a quasi-experiment. The literature section describes the challenges in design research and why the DRM is suitable for this type of empirical research. Findings: Findings of the paper include a workable setting to organise and evaluate the impact of a design support within a DRM framework on a vulnerable rural community. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of the research lies in the study population. Due to financial and time constraints, only four teams could participate in the experiment conducted in rural Kenya. Social implications: Further research will need to prove that the support works in comparable situations on the African continent. Originality/value: The quasi-experiment setting within a DRM framework could benefit researchers in comparable empirical investigations.Situated Architectur
Conceptual Model and Security Requirements for DRM Techniques Used for e-Learning Objects Protection
No full textThis paper deals with the security problems of DRM protected e-learning content. After a short review
of the main DRM systems and methods used in e-learning, an examination is made of participators in DRM
schemes (e-learning object author, content creator, content publisher, license creator and end user). Then a
conceptual model of security related processes of DRM implementation is proposed which is improved afterwards
to reflect some particularities in DRM protection of e-learning objects. A methodical way is used to describe the
security related motives, responsibilities and goals of the main participators involved in the DRM system. Taken
together with the process model, these security properties are used to establish a list of requirements to fulfill and
a possibility for formal verification of real DRM systems compliance with these requirements
Enabling complete conversion of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> in dynamic coke-mediated dry reforming (DC-DRM) on Ni catalysts
No full textDynamic coke-mediated dry reforming of methane (DC-DRM) is an unsteady-state strategy to overcome the limitations of co-feed operation, including the fast deactivation of the catalysts and the loss of valuable H2 in the reverse water gas-shift reaction. This paper proves the feasibility of DC-DRM on Ni-based catalytic systems, identifying suitable metal oxides supports and evaluating the role of metallic promoters. A La-promoted Ni/ZrO2 catalyst exhibited excellent and stable catalytic performances at 800 °C approaching complete conversion of the CH4 and CO2 reactant pulses in the reaction loop, and separation of the H2 and CO product streams. Adding the redox functionality of reducible oxides (TiO2) in the catalyst support is demonstrated as a powerful tool to enable direct formation of syngas in the methane pulse with control on the H2/CO ratio.ChemE/Catalysis Engineerin
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