140,039 research outputs found
Dynamics of finite-sized light spheres in turbulence
No full textWe report experimental results on the Lagrangian dynamics of finite-size light particles in turbulence. Using an orthogonal camera setup and 3D particle tracking, we study the velocity and acceleration statistics of rigid light spheres in a water tunnel with nearly homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. The Reynolds number (ReY) is varied from 180 to 300, and the study covers a range of size ratios (4 < D/η < 16) for marginally light spheres. We find that the normalised acceleration PDF decreases in intermittency with increasing size ratio - in qualitative agreement with the predictions of the Faxén corrected model. We also present preliminary results on the rotational dynamics of large light spheres in turbulence
Global Competitiveness of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: Trends and Strategies
No full textWhat are the trends in the global competitiveness of the Indian pharmaceutical industry? Where does this industry stand when compared to global peers on pharmaceutical value-added, productivity, research and development and trade performance? What are the new strategies that Indian pharmaceutical companies are adopting to become global players? These questions are addressed in this paper. It is found that strategic government policies were the main factors that transformed the status of the Indian pharmaceutical industry from a mere importer and distributor of drugs and pharmaceuticals to an innovation-driven cost-effective producer of quality drugs. India emerged as one of the fast growing pharmaceutical industry in the world with growing trade surpluses and exports. However, there are certain limitations that the government policies need to address, like low productivity and R&D intensity. A host of competitive strategies, like greenfield direct investment, overseas acquisitions, strategic alliances and contract manufacturing have emerged as favourites to Indian pharmaceutical firms recently.Indian Pharmaceutical Industry; Productivity; Innovation; Trade; Strategic Alliances; Foreign Investment; M&As
Polyhedral structure of a capacitated network design problem with an application to the telecommunication industry
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1989.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 328-334).by Prakash Mirchandani.Ph.D
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Noise of Unheard Sounds [Elektronisk resurs] : Donald D. Hoffman, Chetan Prakash, and Nick Bostrom on the Subjectivity of Being
No full textThis article examines the emergence of idealism in evolutionary cognitive science by analyzing the conscious realism of the cognitive theorist Donald D. Hoffman and the mathematician Chetan Prakash. Perception is for them not about veridical experience, but rather a mechanism for survival. It helps us survive but does not give us access to reality as such. By relating Hoffman and Prakash's conscious realism to the simulation argument of the philosopher Nick Bostrom, this article shows how Hoffman and Prakash's theories are part of what the anthropologist Roy Wagner has called the holographic worldview. But in contrast to Bostrom's technocratic philosophy, Hoffman and Prakash use evolutionary arguments to contest physicalism. They raise metaphysical questions by insisting that time, space, and matter emerge out of a network of conscious agents that even points to the need of a scientific theology. Thus, for Hoffman and Prakash, an evolutionary understanding of perception as a tool for survival rather than a way to grasp truth poses the speculative question whether consciousness and life itself are immaterial and immortal
The Noise of Unheard Sounds : Donald D. Hoffman, Chetan Prakash, and Nick Bostrom on the Subjectivity of Being
No full textThis article examines the emergence of idealism in evolutionary cognitive science by analyzing the conscious realism of the cognitive theorist Donald D. Hoffman and the mathematician Chetan Prakash. Perception is for them not about veridical experience, but rather a mechanism for survival. It helps us survive but does not give us access to reality as such. By relating Hoffman and Prakash's conscious realism to the simulation argument of the philosopher Nick Bostrom, this article shows how Hoffman and Prakash's theories are part of what the anthropologist Roy Wagner has called the holographic worldview. But in contrast to Bostrom's technocratic philosophy, Hoffman and Prakash use evolutionary arguments to contest physicalism. They raise metaphysical questions by insisting that time, space, and matter emerge out of a network of conscious agents that even points to the need of a scientific theology. Thus, for Hoffman and Prakash, an evolutionary understanding of perception as a tool for survival rather than a way to grasp truth poses the speculative question whether consciousness and life itself are immaterial and immortal
Liberalization, Firm Size and R&D performance: A Firm Level Study of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
No full textIn the present paper, it is attempted to empirically verify the impact of economic liberalization on the R&D behaviour of Indian pharmaceutical firms controlling for the effects of several firm specific characteristics including firm size. The results from the Tobit analysis for a sample of firms over the period 1989-90 to 2000-01 indicate that competitive pressure generated by liberalization has worked effectively in pushing Indian pharmaceutical firms into R&D activity. A host of firm characteristics like firm age, size, profitability, intangible assets, export orientation and outward foreign direct investment are also found to be important determinants of innovative activity in the industry. The study suggests several policy measures to further indigenous technological efforts of pharmaceutical firms, which include, removing obstacles that inhibit outward orientation of firms, providing special scheme for small size firms in the overall technology policy for the industry, intensifying collaborative research efforts between private sectors and government research institution, and utilizing flexibilities in the TRIMs agreements to persuade foreign firms to relocate their R&D units into the country.Indian Pharmaceutical Industry; R&D
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