155 research outputs found
Lack of semantic parafoveal preview benefit in reading revisited
No full textIn contrast to earlier research, evidence for semantic preview benefit in reading has been reported by Hohenstein and Kliegl (Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40, 166–190, 2013) in an alphabetic writing system; they also implied that prior demonstrations of lack of a semantic preview benefit needed to be reexamined. In the present article, we report a rather direct replication of an experiment reported by Rayner, Balota, and Pollatsek (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986). Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, subjects read sentences that contained a target word (razor), but different preview words were initially presented in the sentence. The preview was identical to the target word (i.e., razor), semantically related to the target word (i.e., blade), semantically unrelated to the target word (i.e., sweet), or a visually similar nonword (i.e., razar). When the reader’s eyes crossed an invisible boundary location just to the left of the target word location, the preview changed to the target word. Like Rayner et al. (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986), we found that fixations on the target word were significantly shorter in the identical condition than in the unrelated condition, which did not differ from the semantically related condition; when an orthographically similar preview had been initially present in the sentence, fixations were shorter than when a semantically unrelated preview had been present. Thus, the present experiment replicates the earlier data reported by Rayner et al. (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986), indicating evidence for an orthographic preview benefit but a lack of semantic preview benefit in reading English
A study of Negroes for whom petitions designating unsound mentality were filed with the Fulton Court of Ordinary, January 2, 1939 to December 31, 1940, 1941
No full textMiscellanies in prose and verse, original and translated. By the Rev. William Rayner, B. A. Of Caius College, Cambridge, And Curate of Worlingworth in Suffolk [electronic resource].
No full textElectronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from British Library
Beauty in the form of dance, or beauty of the form of dance? : on the need for philosophical aesthetics
No full textZasadniczym celem artykułu jest prezentacja wybranych, formalistycznych koncepcji piękna, które formułowane były w ramach estetyki filozoficznej, i ich odniesienie do tańca. Przywołane zostały : pojęcie przeżycia estetycznego w ujęciu Immanuela Kanta oraz formalizm właściwy reprezentowany przez Clive’a Bella, a także propozycje teoretyków tańca Davida M. Levina oraz Raynera Heppenstalla. Na koniec przedstawiam szersze rozumienie piękna jako estetyczności oraz koncepcję doświadczenia estetycznego autorstwa Arnolda Berleanta, by zastanowić się, czy we współczesności w ramach estetyki filozoficznej można jeszcze utrzymać tę kategorię pojęciową w odniesieniu do tańca.This article focuses on different concepts of beauty as discussed in philosophical aesthetics. An overview of the narrow formalist views on beauty proposed by Immanuel Kant and Clive Bell, and also by dance theorists such as David M. Levin and Rayner Heppenstall, aims to demonstrate that such theories are insufficient if applied to most dance practices. The author addresses and challenges the narrow formalist concept of beauty posed by the theory and practice of dance, discussing also broader ideas of beauty and aesthetic experience developed in the context of contemporary aesthetics, in particular those proposed by Arnold Berleant. The paper concludes with the question whether it is possible to look for beauty in contemporary dance practices
FIR filter synthesis using the adaptive RLS algorithm
Get PDFThis project compares and contrasts computer program implementations of the traditional adaptive LMS FIR lowpass filter synthesis and a new adaptive RLS FIR lowpass filter synthesis method developed by the author. A performance comparison for the RLS and LMS algorithms is presented. Examples comparing the adaptation rate and the frequency response for several different filter lengths are included. Implementation issues are also discussed, including the effects of iteration count, numerical precision, and computational complexity. The comparison suggests that the RLS algorithm provides slightly better error performance at the cost of additional computational complexity.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-76)California State University, Northridge. Department of Engineering
The impact of vascular calcification on ambulatory and central aortic blood pressure in a South African dwelling dialysis population : a clinical, radiological and pathophysiological study of vascular health in a young prevalent dialysis population in a developing country
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.In Sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) in CKD-5D is unknown. We undertook to determine the effect of ethnicity on VC, the risk factors for VC, the utility of abdominal X-ray (AXR) in predicting coronary calcium score (CCS) and the effect of VC on central aortic systolic pressure (CASP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in South African dialysis patients. ... Black race significantly protects from VC in South African CKD-5D patients and warrants further study. The AXR is a useful screening tool for CCS in our population. VC does not appear to influence CASP in our population
Listening to the voices of pupils: an alternative route to a balanced curriculum for junior middle schools in China
No full textThe development and understanding of curriculum are much influenced by learners’ cognitive and intellectual development. Since breadth, balance, relevance and differentiation are the four main factors to consider in the process of planning, implementing and assessing curriculum, this essay aims to provide the educators with a critical overview of the curriculum for junior middle schools in China with a focus on the issue of balance. In so doing, the author emphasizes with the support of a range of literature in the UK context the importance of voices of pupils (Garner & Sandow, 1995, Shevlin & Rose, 2003) in their intellectual development and academic attainment in regards of curriculum (Byers and Rose 2004, Darling, 1994, Sebba et al 1995). Meanwhile, the author listens to the perspectives of pupils with special educational needs as consumers on the current curriculum in their schools which show a strong desire for a balanced curriculum (Farrell, 1997; Rayner, 1998; McLaughlin & Tilstone, 2000). The author tends to argue by analyzing the sample curricular in two key junior middle schools of two cities in a province in China that there still exists a lack of balance in the curriculum in terms of the time allocation for the core and peripheral subjects and the balance within individual subjects in teaching and learning. The author thus suggests the decision makers of the curriculum and those who are involved in the implementing of the curriculum listen and respond to the voices as an alternative route to identify the causes for the failure of meeting the expectations of the curriculum by those pupils with special needs and develop a much appropriate balance in curriculum for them
The proterozoic P-T-t evolution of the Kemp Land coast, east Antarctica; Constraints from Si-saturated and Si-undersaturated metapelites
No full textCopyright © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.Integrated metamorphic and geochronological data place new constraints on the metamorphic evolution of a Neoproterozoic orogen in east Antarctica. Granulite-facies rocks from a 150 km stretch of the Kemp Land coast reflect peak conditions involving T 870–990°C at P 7·4–10 kbar, with pressure increasing westward towards an Archaean craton. Electron microprobe-derived (Th + U)–Pb monazite ages from metapelitic assemblages indicate that the major mineral textures in these rocks developed during the c. 940 Ma Rayner Orogeny. Complex compositional zoning in monazite suggests high-T recrystallization over c. 25 Myr. Diversity in metapelitic reaction textures reflects silica and ferromagnesian content: Si-saturated Fe-rich metapelites contain garnet that is partially pseudomorphed by biotite and sillimanite, whereas Si-saturated Mg-rich metapelites and Si-undersaturated metapelitic pods have reaction microstructures involving cordierite enclosing orthopyroxene, garnet and/or sapphirine, cordierite + sapphirine symplectites around sillimanite and coarse-grained orthopyroxene + corundum separated by sapphirine coronae. Interpretations based on P–T pseudosections provide integrated bulk-rock constraints and indicate a clockwise P–T–t path characterized by a post-peak P–T trajectory with dP/dT 15–20 bar/ °C. This moderately sloped decompressive-cooling P–T path is in contrast to near-isothermal decompression P–T paths commonly cited for this region of the Rayner Complex, with implications for the post-collisional tectonic response of the mid- to lower crust within this orogenic belt.J. A. Halpin, R. W. White, G. L. Clarke and D. E. Kelse
African origin of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.
Get PDFPlasmodium vivax is the leading cause of human malaria in Asia and Latin America but is absent from most of central Africa due to the near fixation of a mutation that inhibits the expression of its receptor, the Duffy antigen, on human erythrocytes. The emergence of this protective allele is not understood because P. vivax is believed to have originated in Asia. Here we show, using a non-invasive approach, that wild chimpanzees and gorillas throughout central Africa are endemically infected with parasites that are closely related to human P. vivax. Sequence analyses reveal that ape parasites lack host specificity and are much more diverse than human parasites, which form a monophyletic lineage within the ape parasite radiation. These findings indicate that human P. vivax is of African origin and likely selected for the Duffy-negative mutation. All extant human P. vivax parasites are derived from a single ancestor that escaped out of Africa
Detailed optical and near-infrared polarimetry, spectroscopy and broad-band photometry of the afterglow of GRB 091018 : polarization evolution
Get PDFFollow-up observations of large numbers of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows, facilitated by the Swift satellite, have produced a large sample of spectral energy distributions and light curves, from which their basic micro- and macro-physical parameters can in principle be derived. However, a number of phenomena have been observed that defy explanation by simple versions of the standard fireball model, leading to a variety of new models. Polarimetry can be a major independent diagnostic of afterglow physics, probing the magnetic field properties and internal structure of the GRB jets. In this paper we present the first high-quality multi-night polarimetric light curve of a Swift GRB afterglow, aimed at providing a well-calibrated data set of a typical afterglow to serve as a benchmark system for modelling afterglow polarization behaviour. In particular, our data set of the afterglow of GRB 091018 (at redshift z = 0.971) comprises optical linear polarimetry (R band, 0.13-2.3d after burst); circular polarimetry (R band) and near-infrared linear polarimetry (Ks band). We add to that high-quality optical and near-infrared broad-band light curves and spectral energy distributions as well as afterglow spectroscopy. The linear polarization varies between 0 and 3per cent, with both long and short time-scale variability visible. We find an achromatic break in the afterglow light curve, which corresponds to features in the polarimetric curve. We find that the data can be reproduced by jet break models only if an additional polarized component of unknown nature is present in the polarimetric curve. We probe the ordered magnetic field component in the afterglow through our deep circular polarimetry, finding P circ < 0.15per cent (2σ), the deepest limit yet for a GRB afterglow, suggesting ordered fields are weak, if at all present. Our simultaneous R- and Ks-band polarimetry shows that dust-induced polarization in the host galaxy is likely negligible
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