1,721,002 research outputs found
A General Purpose Representation and Adaptive EA for Evolving Graphs
Full text linkGraphs are a way to describe complex entities and their relations that apply to many practically relevant domains. However, domains often differ not only in the properties of nodes and edges, but also in the constraints imposed to the overall structure. This makes hard to define a general representation and genetic operators for graphs that permit the evolutionary optimization over many domains. In this paper, we tackle this challenge. We first propose a representation template that can be customized by users for specific domains: the constraints and the genetic operators are given in Prolog, a declarative programming language for operating with logic. Then, we define an adaptive evolutionary algorithm that can work with a large number of genetic operators by modifying their usage probability during the evolution: in this way, we relieve the user from the burden of selecting in advance only operators that are “good enough”. We experimentally evaluate our proposal on two radically different domains to demonstrate its applicability and effectiveness: symbolic regression with trees and text extraction with finite-state automata. The results are promising: our approach does not trade effectiveness for versatility and is not worse than other domain-tailored approaches
Il design per la riflessione
No full textUna scena del film di David Fincher sul fondatore di Facebook, The social Network, mostra un giovane programmatore completamente immerso nel suo computer, intento a scrivere linee di codice software con un paio di cuffiette audio che lo legano quasi fisicamente al Pc. Uno degli altri due personaggi nella scena invita il secondo a non disturbarlo, dicendogli: “He’s wired in”. “E’ attaccato”, potremmo tradurre in italiano.
Questa è una icastica ed efficace rappresentazione del significato di una delle nozioni più conosciute nel campo del’ Human Computer Interaction (HCI), quella del “flusso ottimale”.
Il termine, introdotto da Csikszentmihaly (1990), e reso popolare da Donald Norman (1993) descrive lo stato in cui si trova, l’esperienza che vive chi, altamente motivato, è completamente assorbito in un’attività tanto da non accorgersi di altri eventi, anche rilevanti, che avvengono contemporaneamente e nello stesso luogo.
Il “flusso ottimale” è da molti considerato un obiettivo primario del design: produrre una “esperienza immersiva” è, infatti, un’espressione spesso utilizzata per descrivere un design di successo, quando cioè un prodotto o un servizio assorbe l’utente tanto che questi desidera trascorrere con esso più tempo possibile, e senza che nulla possa lo disturbarlo.
La nozione di flusso d’esperienza ottimale, come anche la pratica del design che lo persegue, tuttavia, stanno attraversando un periodo di evidente stanchezza: una ricerca del termine “optimal flow” nel contenuto dei libri pubblicati negli ultimi 20 anni, grazie a Google Books Ngram, mostra un picco di citazioni intorno alla metà degli anni ‘90, poi una leggera, lenta e continua discesa per tutti gli anni 2000. Negli ultimi tempi, e proprio nella rivista di riferimento per gli interaction designer (Interactions) compaiono termini e temi che sono diversi, se non in contrapposizione alle nozioni di flusso ottimale, di esperienza immersiva. Ad esempio, un recente articolo discute sull’importanza delle pause e dei momenti di transizione nel design (Danzico, 2010a), un altro parla addirittura di design della solitudine (Fullerton, 2010).
Forse i tempi stanno cambiando, e si torna a parlare anche dei necessari momenti di riflessione nella esperienza, di quello che potremmo chiamare design per la riflessione, o design riflessivo. Ed questo contributo intende sviluppare questo tema
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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