5,521 research outputs found
Letter from Hayao (Sam) Chuman to the American Friends Service Committee
No full textA letter from Hayao (Sam) Chuman to the American Friends Service Committee, donating a portion of his redress check from the U.S. government to the Committee.The Chuman (Hayao "Sam" and Toshiko) Papers documents the World War II experiences of Hayao "Sam" and Toshiko Chuman, who were Kibei Nisei born in the United States but grew up and completed school in Japan, and then returned to the U.S. prior to the war. It chronicles the Chuman's incarceration from the Santa Anita Assembly Center, through Jerome, Rohwer, Tule Lake camps, and the Santa Fe and Crystal City internment camps as well as their struggle for restoring their U.S. citizenships in the 1960s. The digital collection consists of mostly textual material, including correspondence, affidavits, incarceration camp records, lease agreements, financial documents, receipts, pamphlets, and booklets
Letter from Hayao (Sam) Chuman to Earl Warren and "Attorney General Clark"
No full textA letter from Hayao (Sam) Chuman to Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Earl Warren and "Attorney General Clark". The letter is a request to regain his citizenship after renouncing his U.S. citizenship and requesting repatriation to Japan during his time incarcerated in World War II.The Chuman (Hayao "Sam" and Toshiko) Papers documents the World War II experiences of Hayao "Sam" and Toshiko Chuman, who were Kibei Nisei born in the United States but grew up and completed school in Japan, and then returned to the U.S. prior to the war. It chronicles the Chuman's incarceration from the Santa Anita Assembly Center, through Jerome, Rohwer, Tule Lake camps, and the Santa Fe and Crystal City internment camps as well as their struggle for restoring their U.S. citizenships in the 1960s. The digital collection consists of mostly textual material, including correspondence, affidavits, incarceration camp records, lease agreements, financial documents, receipts, pamphlets, and booklets
Sam "Kangaroo"
No full textabstract: Sam left Sudan when he was six years old. He also witnessed many people die when they tried to cross the Gilo river.
“Lost Boys Found” is an ongoing, interdisciplinary project that is collecting, recording and archiving the oral histories of the Lost Boys/Girls of Sudan. The collection is a work-in-progress, seeking to record the oral history of as many Lost Boys/Girls as are willing, and will be used in a future book.Age: 23Region: Upper Nile (Bor)This picture and bio was donated to the "Lost Boys Found" oral history project from The Arizona Lost Boys Cente
the beat report piece detailing author Sam Pfeifle\u27s wishes for local music fo
No full textthe beat report piece detailing author Sam Pfeifle\u27s wishes for local music for 2004, mentioning radio stations WCYY and WCLZ, local band 6gig, and the Musicians Resource League
Izvori informacija u dostupnim EBSCO bazama podataka za istraživanja u visokom školstvu u Srbiji = Academic research in Serbia and available database resources
No full textUniversities in Serbia have access to large amounts of quality information through online full text databases. Specific details regarding the world’s two most comprehensive full text research data-bases, Academic Search Premier and Business Source Premier are provided. The paper examines which databases are strongest in each discipline, and covers issues such as the availability of journals most-cited, full text formats, peer-review status, embargo periods, backfills, and other important facets. Additional information depicts reasons for tremendous increase in the availability of information in the Serbia, and the value that these resources bring to researchers in universities
Interview with Elizabeth Powers about Cataloochee homeplace
No full textThis 41-page manuscript is titled “Interview with Elizabeth Powers.” The 1973 interview recalls a Cataloochee homeplace. The history was collected as part of the Cataloochee History Project that collected photographs, stories, and oral histories about families who lived in the Cataloochee Valley. Today’s Cataloochee Valley is within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. While, in general, the Great Smoky Mountains region was sparsely populated, the Cataloochee Valley remained an exception. By 1900, the population of Cataloochee had grown to 1,000 residents living in hundreds of log and frame homes.INTERVIEW
with
E L I Z A H E T H P 0 W E R S
April 11, 1973
Lek Home in back of Cataloochee Ski
Ranch, Maggie Valley, North Carolina
Sam Easterby and George Richardson
Interviewers
vC:::p _,r.zrrt. tI .r 1I ?/o .'Jl S 77 7J r
LIBRARY
BREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS
NATIONAL PAHK
i
Tape 7- 73. i :
Powre
.. \-·
;, \
·! •
. ..
IN REPLY REFER TO:
,, UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Gatlinburg, Tennessee 37738
N-0-T- I-C-E
No part of this manuscript may be quoted for
publication except by written permission of
the Superintendent of the Great Smoky
Mountains National Park.
Ali material flush with che left. hand margm is that of Ms. Powers.
Material block indenced () spaces) is that of one interviewer.
Material olock indented (10 spaces) is that of the
other incerviewer.
Note: The interviewers' voices are so similar
that it was difficult to distinguish one
from the other. It is hoped that their
remarks have ueen separated at least.
This has been taken off on a Wollensak 3M oU20 player. The index counter
number /UOO/ in the body of the text indicates an omission because it was
not understood. The index counter number (000} in the margin is a
reference po1.nt.
This has been transcribed verbat.im et
There has been no editing whatsoever.
preserve the speakers' expressions as
the "uhs" and "ahs•).
literatim as nearly as poss1ble.
Attempt bas been maoe to
faithfully as possible (in~luding
There was considerable interference in this tape from hammering in the
background. Also in a numoer of instances there was doubling between
the interviewer and the interviewed, and bet.ween interviewer and
interviewer. It is believed, however, that enough of the remarks was
d .. stinguished to give the mean1.ng.
Interview with Elizabeth Powers, April 11, 1973, at the Lek home in back
of Cataloochee Ski Ranch, Maggie Valley, North Carolina. Sam Easterby
and George Richardson Interviewers
Let me make some notes on what you want to know. What's your general
bent? No, I mean before you start to--
I haven't been over in Little Cataloochee.
Huh. Who was that?
I forgot who it was. But
Try and think.
I've talked to so many people as you can imagine. I've talked to dozens
and dozens of people.
Have you run across the McGahas? Do you know them?
Well I don't know too much about them. I know their name, you know. Uh.
But. Let's see \o7hat can I tell you. I can tell you why people came into
the valley generally. Uh. They came in for many different reasons. It
wasn't just to get away from civilization. Sometimes they had lost their
farms and, and, had had, you know, unfortunate things happen to them--
and were trying to get as far back in the country as possible. And just
make a new start. And uh. Some people came in because land was cheap.
Some people came in because land was given to them. And. Then some
people came in because the hunting was awfully good. I mean. It was
always famous as a hunting valley. And. Some people came in later on
they came in because uh, they found it by accident 'cause there was logging
on the fringes of it. And they were working at Waterville, on the dam. And
then some people came in to it on the way to somewhere else. Like the
big drovers would come in from Tennessee going to Charleston in the old
days and, and a couple of people got caught in there fishing and never
left. You know, there are just all kinds of reasons why people carne in
there. So. I don't know that there was any one reason. And. Also
there's no particular Anglo Saxon stocl< that came in. As you probably
know.
No--
It's-- well. At first we thought it was you know, mostly Scotch
Irish.
And you have, it seems you have some Germans.
Germans, Hugenot, uh Scotch Irish or English. And. So, it's-- I
don't think it's, uh, entirely typical of mountain communities where you
say everything is Anglo Saxon and they all spol<e Elizabethan English.
They do still speak :somewhat Elizaoethan English. Now an old man told me
that he could tell why one person, why, uh, you know, a Cataloochee man
would sound different from another man but he couldn't tell~· So I can't
tell you. He would know but he couldn't explain to me why someone would
sound different.
Huh. Well do you think there was a definite difference .i..n dialect
then?
I, I haven't discovered it, and I bet, uh. Well I think, there are some
words that were made up there that I've never heard anywhere else. But
I don't think there's a special accent or anything.
Can you tell us some of those'? Some of. those words?
.'----
Well, no I don't think I could give you details on any of this. I can talk
generally about it, but it would really sorta spoil things if I gave you a
lot of little details.
Uh huh.
Uh. You wanted to know about the schools. What specifically about them?
Well just the, uh, their structure, the way they were organized, general
feeling towards education.
What kind of games did the children play. Did they have organized
games in the schools, or
Yeah. Now they were general throughout the mountains but, uh, ahh. Well
P11..ob /eyYJ
you know one ~ on that-- I don't think there was a terribly serious, ah,
attitude toward the schools because they had to stop so often because of
harvest times. And. They would go for a few months and then would have
to stop and harvest and, one boy getting through a whole school term you
know he would be nearly 21 years old before he~~~~ got through school
because of the harvest time. It just took longer than usual. I never got
the idea that uh uh they we.re terribly serious about it because of that, I
mean they got the basics reading, writing, arithmetic.
Have you run across any of the textbooks that they used?
No I haven't.
Have you ever, what was it, Johnsons Math Book. Course I guess that
vl-'l
was fairly typical • . It was issued by Haywood County. 6h that was
one of the ones they used.
Uh huh.
And we haven't run across any readers. Anything like that.
They were prooauly pretty standard you know. I'm sure.
Well I can tell you one thing which I think is very sad, is that there
aren't many people left who can remember. And you can't find people who
can remember old folk songs. They all remember the hymns. But they can't
remember the folk songs and, and, hardly anybody can remember how they
used to weave, and the old patterns, and the old quilt things and it is
true that things are going very fast. So. The oldest person you can
find with the clearest memory would be the most useful to you. For
details you know. And I don't know who that is.
I, well I think Dr. Woody is, uh
He's not
Being a historian at least
He's not very good because he didn't live in there.
Not all the time. He was only in there in the summer.
I mean a lot of Cataloochee people don't even know who he is.
Uh huh.
J know who he is, and I, I think he-- what he does know I think is very
good but, he really isn't that knowledgeable about it 'cause he was just
in there when he came home on holidays.
Now have you seen his article that he wrote in 19507
Uh huh. Did you see that?
Uh huh. It's, it's a pretty good article, I find.
Well, I think that's very valuable.
It was in the SOUTH ATLANTIC QUARTERLY. '
Has, : you are talking about--
Well you know why the two valleys, why Big and Little Cataloochee were two
separate communities, is because the, the Noland Mountain was quite a
dividing line. I mean.
Is that the Bald Gap'? Is that where Bald Gap is?
A-h-h.
Right above, right above the old school, the, uh, Indian Creek
school, Beech Grove school. Above the-- Palmer Creek
No. No. Is it called Bald Gap?
I think it's Scottish Mountain and Noland Mountain, the ~p
runs
/042/ Doubling
Yes. Well Scottish Mountain is way up there. It used to be called Piney
Butt. Something like that. It's on the, edge of Cataloochee. Ah.
Watershed. Noland Mountain runs, well if you look on a map you can see
it.
Oh I'm not thinking of Scottish Mountain, I'm thinking of Canadian,
Canadian
Canadian Top. Oh yes.
Noland and Canadian Top are right next to each other.
Yeah.
And the Bald Gap runs between them.
Yeah. Well I'd have to look on the map because I'm not sure what the
Bald Gap is. But
I think that's a new name too, the Bald Gap.
/045/
I'm for them. I'm not sure about that.
Question mark. I have notes that are just nothing but question marks.
Ask somebody. And then another thing about doing research for this book
is that you get so many different stories about the same item that
Uh huh.
That if you're going to write it down you have to say this, say in the
murky past you know I was told ten versions of songs so take your pick.
Because you just can't be accurate about it.
Uh huh. Has Mark Hannah given you, given you his, his old tunes?
He plays?
Well, yeah . . Some of them. Uh huh.
He wouldn't let me record them. I can see why.
Well no, he feels strongly about keeping things too I mean you know. He
just doesn't want everything published until it's ready to be published.
So, I imagine you're having a little bit of rough sledding there. Because
Joe Hall doesn't want things published either of his. He's a professional
writer. And, Robert Woody in a way is a professional writer. There are
a lot of people who write about Cataloochee. It's amazing, how many
people want to write about it.
Well now, let's see, is it, uh-- How did the Cataloochee Press come
into being?
I think Joe Hall made it up and, if you can ,find out where it's based, you-They
had it printed at Gilbert Printing in Asheville
052 - Doubling
There is no such thing really as a Cataloochee Press. He just made the
name up. I mean if you wanted the press to print something of yours you'd
have to ask Joe Hall. (Laughing) I think he just made it up.
Hmm.
Uh.
Well what were the, what was the discipline like in the school'?
It would, it depends on the teacher. Each teacher is different. Some
teachers were very mean and some teachers were so nice students run over
them but, they used, uh hickory sticks and, you know made you sweep the
floors after school, made you stay in. Things like that.
Well now do you think they were, it was, uh, in both little, like
at the old school, in the Indian Creek school, do you think they
Y't)OUntQil')
were both typical of ~ schools or did they have some peculiarity
that made them different?
Well, I know what you're getting at, and I'd like to find out too if there
was something peculiar and different.
Uh huh.
But. The problem is there's nobody old enough to tell you to know how it
did differ. Unless you happen to read a lot of accounts on various schools,
and I've read a lot of accounts. Q\\ And they areApretty much the same. I
think.
I would think it would be, it, they'd be pretty typical. I
wouldn't, I couldn't think of any reason why they would be ·
significantly different.
I mean I have my great great grandfather's accounts
:;.~~f~early
schools. And they all sound prett~: much the same to me.
Now are these of schools in Cataloochee?
No , but in mountain schools .
Uh, what was the major market town? Was it, was it Waynesville,
or was it Newport?
Ah.
Or did it, yeah
Well it depends on what year.
Yeah. Well, now
I mean in the very earliest days the major market towns were Charleston,
South Carolina. And people used to go to South Carolina and Georgia for
things, and then Waynesville, Clyde, Cosby, Newport, you know. Uh, I think
you did most of the trading over in Tennessee.
Y\o w 1.5 -1--h •J
Uh huh, ~1, from Little Cataloochee and Big Cataloochee?
Uh huh. Yeah. 'Cause
We heard from Jonathan Woody that they usually went to Knoxville
because it was easier to get to Knoxville than it was to
Waynesville even though Waynesville was closer. They usually,
it took 'em two days to get to, to get to Knoxville, wagon,
and I was, I was--
(067) Interrupting
Did he talk, did he talk to you a lot about Cataloochee?
Uh huh.
.! -,_
That'~ good because, he's not been as interested in
cataloochee as some of the rest of his family.
Well. He, he would like to make a golf course out of Big
Cataloochee. Which is
We took him some pictures you know, they have. I guess you've seen
the negative file of the park in Gatlinburg. And of course. We
printed some of those and took them down to him. And as he looked at
them you know he opened up a little bit. And he told us a lot of
good tales. I love the story how the schoolhouse was burned down
and everything.
Yeah. I guess we know all the same stories.
Well I don't imagine, I imagine you have a few more than we do.
Ah. Yeah. Some of those old Cataloochee characters, if they'd stayed in
there I think would have exploited it too much, and would have built roads
and, you know I mean had the Park Service not taken over I think probably)
that Cataloochee would not have remained unspoiled. I think people would
probably have sold off land and would have become exploited.
Well much the same way as this area.
I mean they say not. They say, oh you know we could have kept it as a
beautiful paradise but, I don't think they could have. You know land
prices would have gone up and, getting a thousand dollars to three
thousand dollars an acre for pine mountain land
/073/ Doubling
They paid 50¢ for it.
Sure. And less than that. in the old days you could ~et land for about
2¢ an acre •
. '---_.·
·.-..____/
That's disgustin~.
But of course 2¢ was worth more.
Yeah. That's really something. Now how, how far back does that go?
Have you read Clark Medford's books?
Well, we've gone through 'em.
Uh huh. Well they are, of course they are very repetitive and, and they
aren't entirely accurate but, they are really very useful I think.
It helps a lot with genealogy.
Uh huh.
You know it gives-Uh
huh.
Helped out. In fact I don't know if you have heard it, I imagine
you have, if you have heard the Joe Hall records. Uh. Gene Sutton
Uh huh.
Well.
Told a little tale about how his grandfather came into the valley.
They had 14 children. And 74 grandchildren and 172 great grandchildren,
you know he goes on. And they were, when he died at 94
years two months and three days, something like that, he had, uh,
one or two great, ~reat, great grandchildren.
This was back--
1 know there was one man who taught school in Cataloochee and he, he
had about bO pupils and there was only one that wasn't related to him.
And that was ah Glenn Palmer?
\
That's right.
,.
Yeah. So that uh, uh
Now was that the way he told it to you? Said 60
I forget you know.
It was something like 56.
Uh huh.
He said 56 and 54 of them were cousins and two of them were brothers
and sisters.
The Ewarts. Yeah. Uh huh.
Now he, he seems, well he talked a little bit about the discipline,
had to make you draw circle on the board.
Yeah. That was, that was a favorite one apparently. Ahh.
Well back, back to the market town, at what point, let's say,
from 1900 to 1920, at what point, where was the major market
town for say Little CatalodCShee? Would it have been--
Well that would have been over in Tennessee.
Uh huh. But would it be the same for Big? Big Cataloochee?
Well, from what I know they tended to use the same towns. Yes. Then
Clyde became a rna-, for some reason or other became a major place.
Clyde? Doubled
I don't know. My great, great grandfather was a, had a, was in Jonathans
Creek and had a store in Waynesville in around 1830 and '40. And uh•
/086/ that was. As a matter of fact he went broke. Went to Texas on
account of it. But, I suppose that must have been a major market place.
Well, Waynesville is older than Clyde isn't it? It seems like
it was, it was as large. If not larger and there was already
a railroad into, from Waynesville to Asheville. Or was that
Waynesville to Canton? Or was that from Canton to Asheville?
doesn't matter.
Well I was trying to think of why Clyde, why would Clyde grow?
Well, it was quite a settlement in there. Remember Bishop Asbury came into
Jacob Shooks and that was Clyde. So there was a settlement there around
1610 anyway. Or before.
When have you found that the first settlers came into Cataloochee?
You mean real, real settlers or
Well besides the cattle ranchers that go off /0~0/
Well, have you ever discovered who the f~rst settler was?
Well, we, of course when we talk to the Woodys we get the Woody side
of it. And that goes back to the '30s. Talk to Lloyd Caldwell and
it goes back to uh
Sarge
Sarge. Uh. The Caldwells are the oldest. And then, Mark Hannah
says the Hannahs are the oldest. We have gotten three different
stories. And we don't really know who /092/
I think the Hannahs and the Nolands were the first. But it's very uncertain
like everything else because, no one rememoers who came in there and who
built and who stayed, I mean. Some people built hunting cabins but you
don't know whether to call them settlers or not ~ecause, all other
memoers of their families moved into those hunting cabins. It wasn\: at
that ~ime a real settlement. So.
Now who was the slave that, uh, what was the family-- Jonathans.
That was my great, great grandfather's slav~.
That had a cabin over in Cataloochee.
When was that 18--
Old Smart.
Old Smart.
Uh huh.
Huh. Now what was the date on that cabin. Was it 1810?
How do y o u know?
We, because I've seen that on uh it may be on this Joe Hall records,
J
on the description of each record.
I wonder how he knew. Because even my own ancestors couldn't remember when
it was put up. (097, loud ringing). Yes? About that because
I think he just approximated it.
I think he did too.
098 Doubling
Nobody in my family knows when Old Smart built that shanty. That's just been
somebodyelse's guess.
Uh huh. You know anything about the Canadians? Who came down? The
family they called the Canadians?
Yeah. They came in with the, Scottish. I believe they came Oh.\tl)Yl&\))1
in t@Fetlgh
it Waf
the Scottish and Canadian timber people I you know who were at Newport.
Huh. And that's where Scottish Mountain and Canadian Top got their
names?
I presume so. They were the Ewarts, the Canadians.
The
Well the name really
: - ; it was Ewart .
E-w-a-r-t?
Uh huh. But they were called Canadian and everybody called them, like Bob
Ewart was always called Bob Canadian. So. It wasn't their real name.
Where did, how did the name the Coonrods, when did they start calling
the Conrads the Coonrods. Or how did, how did that all develop?
You've been talking to Dr. Woody. (Laughing) I think it was just a joke.
The Conrads became the Canards and the Coonrods and, I think people just
called them that you know how you pronounce somebody's name in a funny way.
Uh huh.
And I think it just became a joke.
Huh. Started
Started out Conrad and then they called them the Coonrod I think for fun
and probably then it became Conard. You know. People--
Well you know even Mark Hannah still calls them Coonrod.
But he knows better. I mean you know. He knows they were the Conrads and
the Conards.
Who were the two Conrads that had the big fight. One of them shot
the other one /105/
Well I don't know which fight you're talking about.
One of them killed his brother or something. Who was, uh. I just
can't remember the two first names.
I don't know either. I think that's one but · I don't know.
Dr. Woody told us.
Uh huh. Well he can't remember, Dr. Woody can't remember because I've
talked to him about various things, and he, he really doesn't remember too
much about them because I've asked him, certain times about, you know, law
and order in Cataloochee. And he would say "I think there was, no is that
his name, you ask Mark Hannah." You know that sort of thing so--
Uh huh.
I think Dr. Woody is very good for what he is but I just don't think he
lived in there long enough.
Well he left when he was what, 12 or 13 years old7
Eight.
Eight! Huh.
He would come back but he had to rely a lot on hearsay. And he is terribly
good at remembering details but
Just /110/ Doubled
Just don't think he lived there long enough to be, the best informant. I
mean he himself, I mean I'm not doing him injustice, he himself would say
that. I think he's great. Likee Doctor Woody. {Laughing)
Who, who do you consider your best informant'! /112/ mean trade secrets
I have about 20 best informants. I should say. And, they're all good I
mean, I can't say that one is better than another.
Can you, could you give us some of the names?
I don't think I could. I mean. I'm, I realized that this was going to be
a difficulty when you came, but I thought maybe I could tive you a general
idea without
Jeopardizing.
Uh
I can, I can understand that.
l, ·
tJb huh.
. ·.
We'd let you hear our Jonathan Woody tapes if you'd give us a few
names.
I've got a question. Uh. We've had, we've received conflicting
stories about the Civil War. But what did
R e a 1 1 y!
Yeah, you too
Laughing
Do you have any clear idea of what the people did in Cataloochee
about the Civil War, did they fight and for which side or did they
just avoid everything try to stay out of it, stay out of the way?
Well the thing about the Civil War in Cataloochee is nobody remembers or
they pr~fer not to remember or they do tell such conflicting stories that
my whole chapter on the Civil War is just going to talk about the conflicting
stories.
Uh huh.
Because I can't put it down as truth. You know.
General¥ speaking I think uh
Generally I think
The North Carolina side we
Letter from Kitty Barragato to Hayao (Sam) Chuman
No full textA letter from Kitty Barragato, Finance and Interpretation for the American Friends Service Committee, to Hayao (Sam) Chuman in thanks for his donation.The Chuman (Hayao "Sam" and Toshiko) Papers documents the World War II experiences of Hayao "Sam" and Toshiko Chuman, who were Kibei Nisei born in the United States but grew up and completed school in Japan, and then returned to the U.S. prior to the war. It chronicles the Chuman's incarceration from the Santa Anita Assembly Center, through Jerome, Rohwer, Tule Lake camps, and the Santa Fe and Crystal City internment camps as well as their struggle for restoring their U.S. citizenships in the 1960s. The digital collection consists of mostly textual material, including correspondence, affidavits, incarceration camp records, lease agreements, financial documents, receipts, pamphlets, and booklets
Letter from H. Scott Duncan to Hayao (Sam) Chuman
No full textA letter from H. Scott Duncan Associate Executive Secretary for Finance for the American Friends Service Committee, to Hayao (Sam) Chuman. The letter thanks Hayao for his donation.The Chuman (Hayao "Sam" and Toshiko) Papers documents the World War II experiences of Hayao "Sam" and Toshiko Chuman, who were Kibei Nisei born in the United States but grew up and completed school in Japan, and then returned to the U.S. prior to the war. It chronicles the Chuman's incarceration from the Santa Anita Assembly Center, through Jerome, Rohwer, Tule Lake camps, and the Santa Fe and Crystal City internment camps as well as their struggle for restoring their U.S. citizenships in the 1960s. The digital collection consists of mostly textual material, including correspondence, affidavits, incarceration camp records, lease agreements, financial documents, receipts, pamphlets, and booklets
Thank you card from Kay Ochi to Hayao (Sam) Chuman
No full textA thank you card from Kay Ochi to Hayao (Sam) Chuman thanking him for his $1,000 donation to the National Coalition for Redress/Reparations (NCRR).The Chuman (Hayao "Sam" and Toshiko) Papers documents the World War II experiences of Hayao "Sam" and Toshiko Chuman, who were Kibei Nisei born in the United States but grew up and completed school in Japan, and then returned to the U.S. prior to the war. It chronicles the Chuman's incarceration from the Santa Anita Assembly Center, through Jerome, Rohwer, Tule Lake camps, and the Santa Fe and Crystal City internment camps as well as their struggle for restoring their U.S. citizenships in the 1960s. The digital collection consists of mostly textual material, including correspondence, affidavits, incarceration camp records, lease agreements, financial documents, receipts, pamphlets, and booklets
- …
