178,331 research outputs found
DEFERRING DELAY: A COMMENT ON R. V. POTVIN
No full textDEFERRING DELAY: A COMMENT ON R. V. POTVIN</jats:p
Towards new literacies and social justice for engineering education
No full textThis paper argues for the need to develop engineering students with high levels of technical competency as well as critical awareness for the realities of working and living ethically in the global community. Drawing on social constructivist principles of learning (Vygotsky, 1978) and a pedagogy of multiliteracies (New London Group, 1996, 2000), the paper explores new approaches for engineering education to meet the challenges embedded in current undergraduate programs and professional accreditation standards. To improve the ability of engineers to contribute to social and environmental justice, there needs to be a rethinking of engineering curriculum and pedagogy to develop engineering literacies that encompass a social and technical focus
The control of whole-body equilibrium and trunk stability during sudden hand loading.
No full textStability of the spine is an integral factor in determining the whole-body response to an induced perturbation, upon maintaining postural equilibrium. The purpose of this study was to examine whole-body and trunk postural control to sudden loading at the hands, with a special focus on the implications of loading to spinal stability. Seventeen females experienced the effects of load symmetry, both symmetrical and asymmetrical, in combination with expected and unexpected anticipation. The dependent variables were pre average, anticipatory, peak and time-to-peak responses from four trunk and three leg muscles bilaterally. Pre-activation of trunk and leg agonistic muscles served to reduce the overall postural disturbance caused by sudden loading. An increase in antagonistic co-activation was observed in both the anticipatory and reflex-mediated compensatory responses to the load perturbation. It is proposed that muscle stiffness and co-activation strategies affect both trunk and whole-body stability. The results provide insight into several common mechanisms involved in the dynamic stability of whole-body equilibrium and spinal stability. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2002 .H38. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 41-04, page: 1099. Adviser: James R. Potvin. Thesis (M.H.K.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2002
The in vivo dynamic fatigue response of the spine to sudden loading in the sagittal plane: Effects of pre-load and step input magnitude.
No full textThis purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of fatigue on the response of the trunk to a variety of conditions of initial static loads and step inputed loads causing rapid sagittal trunk flexion. The variables measured in the study were the pre-trial and peak EMG levels from 5 bilateral trunk muscles, peak extensor moments, peak trunk flexion angle, trial duration, time to peak moment and times to peak EMG levels. The findings provide evidence that there were some changes in the response of the spine to sudden loading during fatigue conditions. However, the only main effect of fatigue was for the TES response to the different added loads. There was also a significant interaction between fatigue level and pre-load for the maximum trunk flexion variable, with the fatigued 4% pre-load trials having greater values than the rested 4% pre-load trials. The expected increase in LES and trunk flexor (co-contraction) EMG activity during fatigue was not observed. A review of the individual subject data revealed that two subjects did demonstrate increases in agonist and antagonist muscle activity for the fatigued loading conditions, when compared to the rested conditions, and one subject was observed to have increased peak flexion values as a result of fatigue. Overall, the data seem to indicate that fatigue affects individuals in different ways, with respect to spine mechanics. It may be hypothesized that some subjects were more susceptible to the effects of fatigue. This may help explain why some, but not all, individuals are injured while manual material handling over prolonged periods. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2000 .P36. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-03, page: 0698. Adviser: J. R. Potvin. Thesis (M.H.K.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2000
L’Union européenne et la paix : quelles avancées vers une fédération européenne ?
No full textCompte-rendu du colloque international organisé dans le cadre de la Chaire Jean Monnet de l'université de Caen Normandie, les 21 et 22 novembre 2018, à la MRSH Caen en partenariat avec le CRDFED et avec le soutien de la CEDECE - Association d'Études européennes et de la communauté urbaine Caen la mer . Ouverture du colloque par Jean-Christophe Le Coustumier (Directeur adjoint du CRDFED), Pierre Denise (Président de l’Université Caen Normandie), Laurence Potvin-Solis (Chaire Jean Monnet, R..
Supplement 1. R code for the SES (standardized effect sizes) bootstrapping procedures and the hierarchy of linear mixed models of individual tree growth.
No full textFile List
BootstrapSES.R: R code demonstrating how to compute diversity effects as standardized effect size (SES) following Potvin and Gotelli (2008) for both (i) plot-level overyielding and (ii) comparison among canopy statuses.
(md5: 0b9c6fc3752d601e7660515eb0505159)
MultilevelModeling.R: R code for fitting and comparing the relative support for a hierarchy of linear-mixed models of individual tree growth. R code demonstrating how to compute confidence intervals with a bias-corrected bootstrap method.
(md5: c73e3dec4e1059c7c518fe1a07a416fa)
Description
BootstrapSES.R generates random data conforming to our experimental design (part 0) and tests for overyielding (part 1) using our modified version of the bootstrap methods developed by Potvin and Gotelli (2008). The bootstrap procedure is then used to compare the magnitude of overyielding among canopy statuses (part 2). Part 1 and part 2 could be directly applied to any data.frame containing columns similar to that of “data”, which is fully described at the end of part 0.
MultilevelModeling.R requires the lme4 package to fit linear-mixed models. First, methods are defined to generate random tree growth data (simulateData()), to perform bootstrap likelihood ratio tests (bootLRT()), and to compute confidence intervals following a bias-corrected percentile method (see Efron and Tibishrani, 1986; BCconf()). The rest of the code generates random data, fits a hierarchy of linear-mixed model of tree growth, compares the models based on AIC and computes confidence intervals for the most complex example model.
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Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Intergenerational practice: Mentoring and social capital for twenty-first century communities of practice
No full textAiming to elucidate the relationship between social capital and intergenerational practice within mentoring, this article presents data from a case study of the School Volunteer Program in Western Australia. Drawing on situated learning theory and the concept of community of practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1998; Wenger, McDermott, & Snyder, 2002), the discussion examines benefits and limitations of intergenerational practice. Results acknowledge the potential for intergenerational practice to build social capital for both mentees and mentors. However, further research is required to examine mentoring in school-based communities of practice where complex issues of power (see Bourdieu, 1985) may empower or restrict student voices.
RÉSUMÉ. Avec pour objectif de clarifier les relations existant entre le capital social et les pratiques intergénérationnelles lors de mentorat, cet article présente les données tirées d’une étude de cas pilotée par le School Volunteer Program en Australie occidentale. S’inspirant de la théorie d’apprentissage situationnel et du concept de communauté de pratique (Lave et Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1998; Wenger, McDermott et Snyder, 2002), les auteurs font l’examen des bénéfices et des limites des pratiques intergénérationnelles. Les résultats reconnaissent le potentiel des pratiques intergénérationnelles comme générateur de capital social à la fois pour les protégés et les mentors. Cependant, les auteurs suggèrent que de plus amples recherches soient effectuées pour analyser le mentorat dans le cadre de communautés de pratique en milieu scolaire où des problématiques complexes de pouvoir (voir Bourdieu, 1985) peuvent favoriser ou restreindre les voix étudiantes
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