203,054 research outputs found
Anggur dalam pot
No full textSalah jika anda mengira tanaman anggur sulit ditanam. Ambil sebuah pot. Isilah tempat itu dengan campuran pupuk kandang dan pasir. Tanamlah bibit anggur disitu. 8 bulan kemudian anda bisa menikmati keindahan dan kelezatan buahnya. Inikah yang anda kira sulit?vi, 50 hal. ; Ilus. : 21 c
Chemoenzymatic one-pot cascade for the construction of asymmetric C-C and C-P bonds via formal C-H activation
No full textThe integration of organocatalysis and enzyme catalysis in one-pot cascade processes allows for the efficient construction of complex molecular architectures with high levels of stereocontrol. However, challenges related to reaction compatibility between both processes are often a limitation for the development of efficient synthetic routes. In this study, we describe the combination of an enzymatic aerobic oxidation followed by the squaramide-mediated asymmetric formation of C-P and C-C bonds to access important building blocks such as chiral α-hydroxy phosphonates and β-nitro alcohols in good yields and enantiomeric ratios. This sequential process is conducted in a one-pot fashion within a biphasic system and represents a pioneering example of a chemoenzymatic cascade involving aerobic biooxidation and an organocatalytic step operating under hydrogen-bond activation mode
Collective Total Syntheses of Benzo[c]phenanthridine Alkaloids via A Sequential Transition Metal-Catalyzed Pot-Economy Approach
No full textThe collective total syntheses of a series of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids were accomplished via a pot-economy approach. The synthetic strategy was achieved by constructing ring C and ring B on pre-installed ring A and ring D via sequential transition metal-catalyzed reactions and condition-controlled Mannich reactions in a three-pot protocol. A palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction and a following Wittig reaction were utilized to connect ring A and ring D from readily available starting materials to finish the preparation of the 1,5-enyne substrates (the first pot). A gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization and in situ iododeauration cascade of 1,5-enyne substrates was developed to form ring C (the second pot). A copper-catalyzed Ullman coupling reaction, followed by a flexible condition-controlled Mannich reaction, was designed to install ring B in the final stage of the synthesis (the third pot). The synthetic naturally occurring alkaloids and related analogues were evaluated in cytotoxic activity against K562, MCF-7 and A549 cells
Pepper-pot emittance measurement of laser-plasma wakefield accelerated electrons
No full textThe transverse emittance is an important parameter governing the brightness of an electron beam. Here we present the first pepper-pot measurement of the transverse emittance for a mono-energetic electron beam from a laser-plasma wakefield accelerator, carried out on the Advanced Laser-Plasma High Energy Accelerators towards X-Rays (ALPHA-X) beam line. Mono-energetic electrons are passed through an array of 52 mu m diameter holes in a tungsten mask. The pepper-pot results set an upper limit for the normalised emittance at 5.5 +/- 1 pi mm mrad for an 82 MeV beam
Budi Daya Tanaman Buah Dalam Pot
No full textMenanam buah dalam pot merupakan solusi yang cerdas bagi msyarakat perkotaan karena selain tidak memerlukan lahan yang luas, juga memiliki banyak keuntungan. Buku ini menjelaskan secara praktis budidaya 25 jenis buah konsumsi dalam pot yang didalammnya dijelaskan mulai dari media tanam, pemilihan dan penanaman bibit, pemeliharaan bibit, penanggulangan hama dan penyakit, panen, dan pengolahan hasil panen. Adapun jenis buah yang dibahas yaitu jambu air, mangga, jeruk salak , jambu biji, nagka, pisang, belimbing, markisa, buah naga, sirsak, manggis, nanas, kelengkeng, pepaya, stroberi, ra,butan, durian, apel, sawo, belimbing wuluh, anggur, srikaya, kedongdong, dan jeruk bali. Dilengkapi juga dengan cara perbanyakan bibit secara vegetatif.viii, 216 hal. : Ilus.; 21 c
Fish consumption, does it beneficially affect markers of colorectal carcinogenesis?
No full textBackground: Fish consumption is possibly associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer, as has been shown in several observational studies. However, most of these studies did not discriminate between the effects of oil-rich and lean fish. To date, no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined the possible beneficial effects of fish intake on colorectal cancer risk. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether fish consumption beneficially affects markers of colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods and Results: In a case control study (363 cases, 498 controls), we studied the association of serum n 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels as a marker of oil rich fish intake with colorectal adenomas, a precursor lesion of colorectal cancer. We found that individuals with high serum long chain n 3 PUFA levels had a decreased risk of colorectal adenomas (odds ratio (OR) 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46; 0.96), whereas individuals with high serum n 6 PUFA levels had an increased risk of colorectal adenomas (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.17; 2.42). In an RCT, we studied the effects of 3.5g/d fish oil (~1.5g/d n 3 PUFA) for 12 weeks on 19 serum inflammation markers in 77 healthy subjects and found that serum levels of these cytokines and chemokines were not changed. Finally, we studied the effects of increasing fish consumption compared with no additional fish, on markers of colorectal carcinogenesis in an RCT. Subjects (n=242), at an increased risk of colorectal cancer and those with no macroscopic signs of disease, were randomly allocated to receive dietary advice (DA) plus either two additional weekly portions of oil rich fish (salmon, ~1.4g/d n 3 PUFA) or lean fish (cod, ~0.09 g/d n 3 PUFA), or only DA for six months. We observed no change in apoptotic and mitotic cell numbers after the 6 months intervention with either salmon or cod compared with DA. Furthermore, colorectal genotoxicity, levels of cytokines and chemokines in colonic biopsies and feces, and fecal calprotectin were also not markedly changed after fish consumption. Only serum C reactive protein (CRP) levels were statistically significantly decreased after consumption of salmon ( 0.5 mg/l, 95% CI 0.9; 0.2) and cod ( 0.4 mg/l, 95% CI 0.7; 0.0) compared with DA. Conclusion: The results of this thesis do not provide strong evidence for beneficial effects of fish consumption on markers of colorectal carcinogenesis. <br/
One-pot synthesis of CRBN PROTACs via photoinduced C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross coupling and amide formation for PROTAC library synthesis
No full textIn this study, a one-pot synthesis via photoinduced C(sp2)–C(sp3) coupling followed by amide formation to access proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) was developed. The described protocol was studied on cereblon (CRBN)-based E3-ligase binders and (+)-JQ-1, a bromodomain inhibitor, to generate BET (bromodomain and extra terminal domain) targeting protein degraders. The generated PROTACs were profiled in-vitro and tested for their degradation ability with several potent candidates identified. Upfront, the individual reactions of the one-pot transformation were carefully optimized for CRBN binder functionalization and multiple heterobifunctional linker moieties were designed and synthesized. Separate scopes detailing the C(sp2)–C(sp3) coupling and one-pot PROTAC synthesis are described in this report as well as a library minituarization study showing the high-throughput compatibility. Overall, the developed protocol provides rapid access to PROTACs in a single process thereby allowing efficient generation of CRBN-based PROTAC libraries
Invariantes of map germs from \'C POT. n+m\' to \'C POT. m\' and Fitting ideals
No full textO primeiro objetivo deste trabalho é um estudo dos invariantes necessários para determinar condições de Whitney equisingularidade ou trivialidade topollógica para germes de aplicações f : (\'C POT.n+3\' ,0) \'SETA\' (\'C POT.3\',0). São obtidas relações entre os invariantes sem considerar a hipótese de que o germe tenha co-posto 1 e o desdobramento ser excelente, generalizando os resultados obtidos por Jorge Pèrez para germes f : (\'C POT.3\' ,0) \' SETA\' !(\'C POT.3\' ,0) de co-posto 1. Outro problema interessante em teoria de singularidades é encontrar fórmulas para calcular invariantes 0-estáveis que podem surgir no discriminante de uma deformaçãao estável de um germe finitamente determinado. Neste contexto são desenvolvidos métodos de contagem dos invariantes 0-estáveis a partir dos ideais de Fitting associados ao conjunto discriminante de f . Por último, implementamos um algoritmo no software Maple, para determinar a matriz de uma apresentação do \'O IND.m\' módulo finitamente gerado \'O IND.SIGMA( f ). Desta matriz, podemos obter os ideais de definição de todos os conjuntos de pontos múltiplos de f . Além disto apresentamos uma aplicação deste algoritmo no cálculo do número de pontos múltiplos em germes finitamente determinados de \'C POT.2\' em \'C POT.2\'In the first of this work we study the necessary invariants to give conditions for the Whitney equissingularity or the topological triviality in families of map germs f : (\'C POT. n+3\', 0) \'ARROW\' (\'C POT.3\' ,0). We obtain relations between these invariants without the hypothesis of the germ to be of co-rank 1 and the unfolding to be excelent. We generalize the results given by Jorge Perez in the case co-rank one map germs f : (\'C POIT.3\', 0)!(\'C POT.3\' ,0). Other interesting problem in Singularity Theory is to find formulae which allow us to count the 0-stable singularities which appear in the discriminant of a stable deformation of a finitely determibed germ. In this context are developed methods of calculation of invariant 0-stable from the ideals of fitting associated with the discriminant set of f . Last, but not least we implement an algorithm using Maple to obtain the representation matrix of the finitely generated \'O IND.m\' module \'O IND. SIGMA\'( f ). From this matrix we obtain all Fitting ideals related with the multiple points. Moreover we show how to apply this algorithm to obtain the multiple points of finitely determined map germs f : (\'C POT.2\' ,0) \'ARROW\' (\'C POT.2\', 0
Síntese one-pot de a-arilideno- ð-lactonas a partir de brometos alílicos funcionalizados : estudo das etapas reacionais e caracterização dos intermediários
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Florianópolis, 2014Neste trabalho foi estudada a síntese de a-arilideno-ð-lactonas utilizando alguns dos princípios da Química Verde, como o uso de micro-ondas, métodos one-pot e solventes aquosos. Primeiramente, realizou-se a preparação de a-metileno-ß-hidroxi ésteres, a partir da reação de Morita-Baylis-Hillman, em bons rendimentos (52-94%). Estes álcoois foram convertidos aos (Z)-2-(bromometil)-2-alcenoatos correspondentes após tratamento com LiBr e H2SO4 em CH3CN, levando à formação dos produtos esperados de forma simples e rápida e com rendimentos de 71 a 90%. A reação destes (Z)-2-(bromometil)-2-alcenoatos com acetoacetato de etila em meio básico forneceu os produtos de alquilação em bons rendimentos (68-80%). Em seguida, os compostos alquilados foram submetidos a hidrólise descarboxilativa favorecida pelo meio alcalino e altas temperaturas, formando os cetoácidos correspondentes em rendimentos de 77 a 81% após tratamento ácido (Método A). Os cetoácidos também foram sintetizados diretamente a partir dos (Z)-2-(bromometil)-2-alcenoatos em ótimos rendimentos (78-89%) (Método B). Para a preparação das a-arilideno-ð-lactonas, os cetoácidos foram submetidos a duas etapas reacionais consecutivas, de redução (pela adição de NaBH4 em um meio aquoso e alcalino) e de ciclização (catalisada por ácido, HCl), levando à formação das lactonas em rendimentos de 60 a 79%. Posteriormente, a síntese das a-arilideno-ð-lactonas foi realizada em etapas sequências e pelo método one-pot (sob aquecimento convencional ou por irradiação de micro-ondas). Dentre as quatro condições reacionais aplicadas (A, B, C e D), os Métodos A e B, que envolveram o isolamento de alguns produtos intermediários (compostos alquilados e cetoácidos), forneceram as lactonas em rendimentos globais de 36 a 47% e de 48 a 62%, respectivamente. No Método C, a reação foi realizada em one-pot sob aquecimento convencional e com rendimento global de 68%. Por fim, no Método D a reação foi realizada sob condições one-pot e sob irradiação de micro-ondas, obtendo a lactona em um menor tempo e melhor rendimento global (80%) comparado às outras metodologias (Métodos A, B e C). A síntese das lactonas foi realizada de forma eficiente (ótimos rendimentos globais), em meio aquoso, gerando apenas sais ou álcoois como resíduo. Todos os compostos foram caracterizados por técnicas como: ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio e carbono, espectrometria de infravermelho, espectrometria de massas de alta resolução e medidas de ponto de fusão.Abstract: This work describes the synthesis of a-arylidene-ð-lactones based on principles of Green Chemistry, such as the use of microwave energy, one-pot methods and aqueous medium. First, the preparation of a-methylene-ß-hydroxy esters was carried out by the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction, in good yields (52-94%). These alcohols were readly converted to the corresponding (Z)-2-(bromomethyl)-2-alkenoates after treatment with LiBr and H2SO4 in CH3CN after 0,5-4 h, furnishing the expected products in 71 to 90% yield. The reaction of these (Z)-2-(bromomethyl)-2-alcenoates with ethyl acetoacetate in basic medium provided the alkylation products in good yields (68-80%). Then, the alkylated compounds underwent a decarboxylative hydrolysis mediated by the alkaline medium under high temperatures to give the corresponding ketoacids in 77 to 81% yield after acidic treatment (Method A). The ketoacids were also synthesized directly from the (Z)-2-(bromomethyl)-2-alcenoates in high yields (78-89%) (Method B). For the preparation of the a-arylidene-ð-lactones, the starting ketoacids were subjected to two sequential reactional steps, first the reduction keto group (by addition of NaBH4 in an aqueous alkaline medium) followed by acid-catalyzed cyclization (with HCl), leading to the formation of the expected lactones in 60 to 79% yield. Subsequently, the synthesis of a-arylidene-ð-lactones was performed through one-pot methods, under conventional heating (Method C) or microwave irradiation (Method D). Among the four conditions tested (Methods A, B, C and D) applied, Methods A and B, which involved the isolation of reaction intermediates (alkylated products and ketoacids), furnished the final lactones in 36-47% and in 48-62% overall yield, respectively. For Method C, the one-pot reaction under conventional heating gave the expected lactone in 68% overall yield. Finally, in Method D the one-pot reaction performed under microwave irradiation gave the best overall yield (80%) among all methods tested. All the methods studied were simple, mild, inexpensive and generates only aqueous residues of sodium salts and simple alcohols. The characterization of the products was accomplished by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectroscopy and melting point determination
One-pot synthesis of C/Bi/Bi2O3 composite with enhanced photocatalytic activity
No full textIn this work, a novel C/Bi/Bi2O3 composite photocatalyst was prepared by a facile one-pot method, using EDTA-Bi as a precursor. The C/Bi/Bi2O3 composite photocatalyst exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than Bi2O3 on the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) under both simulated sunlight and visible light irradiation. Metallic Bi and the remaining organic carbon cannot only enhance the absorption of lights, but also accelerate the seperation of photogenerated charge carriers. As a result, the photocatalytic activity is enhanced. More importantly, this paper provides a facile method for the preparation of C/Bi/Bi2O3 composite materials, which is suitable for mass production.No Full Tex
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