306,145 research outputs found
Leikki-ikäisen lapsen tutkiminen ABCDEF-protokollan mukaan : e-posteri sairaanhoitajaopiskelijoille
No full textToiminnallisen opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli luoda sairaanhoitajaopiskelijoille e-posteri, joka käsittelee leikki-ikäisen lapsen tutkimista ABCDEF-protokollan mukaan. Tietoa etsittiin laajasti oppikirjoista, artikkeleista ja kansainvälisistä tutkimuksista. Löydetyn tiedon pohjalta luotiin e-posteri, jossa lukija saa tiivistetysti tiedon ABCDEF-protokollan eri vaiheista leikki-ikäisen lapsen tutkimisessa. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin yhdessä Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulun kanssa.
Opinnäytetyössä vastattiin tutkimuskysymykseen: “Miten toteutetaan leikki-ikäisen lapsen tutkiminen ABCDEF-protokollaa käyttäen?”. Aihe muodostui, koska opinnäytetyön tekijät halusivat luoda lasten hoitotyöhön avuksi työkalun, joka mahdollistaa ABCDEF-protokollan sisällön kertaamisen helposti. Vastaavanlaista e-posteria ei ole aikaisemmin ollut saatavilla.
Opinnäytetyön menetelmänä käytettiin toiminnallista lähestymistapaa. Teoriaosuudessa esitellään tietoa leikki-ikäisestä lapsesta potilaana, lapsen kohtaamisesta tutkimustilanteessa, perhehoitotyöstä sekä tutkimisesta ABCDEF-protokollan mukaan. F-kirjain sisällyttää protokollaan perheen, joka on oleellinen tiedonantaja lasta tutkiessa.
E-posterin etusivulla esitellään leikki-ikäisen lapsen tutkiminen ABCDEF-protokollan mukaan. E-posterin takasivulle luotiin tiivistetty lista ABCDEF-protokollasta muistikortiksi. E-posteri tulee lisämateriaaliksi Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulun sairaanhoitajan tutkinto-ohjelman lasten ja nuorten hoitotyön kurssille. E-posteri mahdollistaa opiskelijoille helpon ja nopean kertaamisen ABCDEF-protokollan mukaiseen tutkimiseen leikki-ikäisen lapsen kohdalla. E-posterin voi tallentaa puhelimeen tai tulostaa.
Tämän opinnäytetyön johtopäätöksenä voidaan pitää havaintoa siitä, kuinka tärkeää oli lisätä tietoa ABCDE-protokollasta, joka sisältää myös F-kirjaimen. F-kirjaimella on merkittävä ero kyseisen protokollan mukaisessa tutkimisessa lapsen ja aikuisen välillä. Toisena johtopäätöksenä voidaan pitää tuotoksen hyödyllisyyttä. Tuotoksena syntynyt e-posteri lisää sairaanhoitajaopiskelijoiden tietoutta ABCDEF-protokollasta, koska se sisältää kaiken tarvittavan tiedon systemaattisesta tutkimisesta ja on helposti saatavilla.The purpose of this study was to create an e-poster about examining a toddler according to the ABCDEF protocol for nursing students. The Bachelor´s thesis was conducted in cooperation with Tampere University of Applied Sciences. Functional approach was chosen for this study because concise and comprehensive e-poster was prepared for nursing students.
The main result was the e-poster about systematic examination of a toddler according to the ABCDEF protocol. The letter F in the protocol stands for a family. The theoretical part covers information about meeting the child in the research situation, family care work and research according to the ABCDEF protocol. The ABCDEF protocol steps notecard can be found on the back of the e-poster.
In conclusion, saving the e-poster on the phone and printing it out as a memory card allows nursing students to easily and quickly return to the ABCDEF protocol examination of a toddler. In addition, the e-poster will be used as additional material for the course on child and adolescent nursing in the Tampere University of Applied Sciences for Degree Programme in Nursing and Health Care
The coupled dual boundary element-scaled boundary finite element method for efficient fracture mechanics
No full textA novel numerical method is presented for applications to general fracture mechanics problems in engineering. The coupled dual boundary element-scaled boundary finite element method (DBE-SBFEM) incorporates the numerical accuracy of the SBFEM and the geometric versatility of the DBEM. Background theory, detailed derivations and literature reviews accompany the extensions made to the methods constituents necessary for their coupling as part of the present work. The coupled DBE-SBFEM, its constituent components and their application to linear elastic fracture mechanics are critically assessed and presented with numerical examples to demonstrate both method convergence and improvements over previous work. Further, a proof of concept demonstrates an alternative formation of the DBEM that both negates the need for hyper-singular integration and lends itself to a wider variety of imposed boundary conditions. Conclusions to this work are drawn and further recommendations for research in this area are made
Giovanni Pontano di fronte ai posteri: un autoritratto letterario
No full textGiovanni Pontano, il più grande umanista e poligrafo del Rinascimento meridionale, non avrebbe mai potuto non cedere all’istanza di lasciare in eredità ai posteri un proprio ritratto d’autore ed ‘autorizzato’, che potesse rappresentarlo di fronte alle generazioni future. Così, egli ci ha lasciato nella sua opera una molteplicità di autorappresentazioni che consentono di focalizzare di volta in volta quell’aspetto che intendeva tramandare in un ritratto personale da affidare alla posterità. Diversamente da Petrarca, il Pontano non era incline all’idealizzazione di se stesso ed amava l’autoironia. Nella sua autorappresentazione come letterato, tuttavia, emerge tutto il suo orgoglio e tutta la sua autocoscienza di continuatore e restauratore della grande tradizione classica: nel suo poema 'Urania' affida orgogliosamente ai posteri un’autorappresentazione che lo colloca accanto ad Omero ed a Virgilio in un Parnaso restaurato e fatto napoletano
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Il necessario legame di democrazia e diritti: considerazioni a partire da "Politica e cultura" di Norberto Bobbio
No full textQuali sono le condizioni della democrazia? Quando un regime politico può dirsi una dittatura, e in base a quali elementi esso risulta ingiusto e pericoloso? E ancora, cosa rende una democrazia tale, e cosa, quindi, va difeso? Queste sono le domande che guidano due scritti pubblicati da Bobbio nel 1954 e poi raccolti in "Politica e cultura": "Democrazia e dittatura" e "Della libertà dei moderni comparata a quella dei posteri". In questo saggio si ripercorrono le tesi esposte da Bobbio in tali scritti e si traccia un bilancio rispetto al rapporto tra libertà negativa e libertà positiva
Giovanni Pontano di fronte ai posteri: un autoritratto letterario
No full textGiovanni Pontano, il più grande umanista e poligrafo del Rinascimento meridionale, ha ceduto anche lui al narcisismo ed ha
lasciato in eredità ai posteri un proprio ritratto d’autore, che potesse rappresentarlo di fronte alle generazioni future come egli
meglio desiderava. Così, egli ci ha lasciato nella sua opera alcune autorappresentazioni che consentono di focalizzare di volta in
volta quell’aspetto che egli intendeva tramandare in un ritratto ideale da affidare alla posterità. Diversamente da Petrarca, il
Pontano non era incline all’idealizzazione di se stesso ed amava l’autoironia, sicché le sue autorappresentazioni fisiche e morali
non mancano di realismo e di una garbata capacità di mettere in luce la propria varia umanità. Nella sua autorappresentazione
come letterato, tuttavia, emerge tutto il suo orgoglio e tutta la sua autocoscienza di continuatore ed originale restauratore della
grande tradizione classica: nel suo poema didascalico-astrologico ‘Urania’, infatti, egli definisce di sé ed affida orgogliosamente ai
posteri un’autorappresentazione che lo colloca accanto ad Omero ed a Virgilio in un Parnaso restaurato e fatto napoletano
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
Pikkulasten unihäiriöt ja niiden hoito : e-posteri sairaanhoitajaopiskelijoille
No full textOpinnäytetyön tavoitteena on lisätä ja syventää tietoa alle 2-vuotiaiden pikkulasten unihäiriöistä ja niiden hoidosta. Tehtävänä on selvittää, millaisia unihäiriöitä pikkulapsilla on ja kuinka unihäiriöitä voidaan hoitaa ja ehkäistä. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin toiminnallisena opinnäytetyönä, jonka tuotoksena tehtiin e-posteri.
Pikkulasten unihäiriöt ovat hyvin yleisiä ja ne voivat saada alkunsa hyvin monista eri syistä. Huono vuorokausirytmi, nukahtamisen vaikeudet ja yöheräily olivat tyypillisimpiä unihäiriöitä pikkulapsilla. Pikkulasten unihäiriöt ovat kuitenkin usein lieviä ja niitä voidaan hoitaa yksinkertaisilla unen huollon ohjeilla ja unikoululla. Tyypillisimpiä laukaisevia tekijöitä havaittiin olevan epäedulliset unitottumukset ja rutiinit, turvaton vanhempi-lapsi-suhde, puutteellinen varhainen vuorovaikutus, sairastelut ja lapsen eri ikävaiheet. Vanhempien henkisellä jaksamisella sekä keskinäisillä ristiriidoilla oli myös suuri vaikutus lapsen unihäiriöihin. Kun vanhemman jaksaminen on vähissä, se heijastuu suoraan lapseen. Silloin vanhempi ei välttämättä jaksa olla tarpeeksi sinnikäs opettelemaan nukkumistaitoja lapsen kanssa. Pikkulapsen unihäiriöt vaikuttivat myös suoraan koko muun perheen hyvinvointiin.
Unihäiriöiden hoidossa vanhemmilla todettiin olevan iso vastuu. Unihäiriöiden ehkäisyssä painotettiin terveydenhuollon ammattilaisilta saatua psykoedukaatiota eli tietoa unihäiriöistä sekä hyvää ennakointia. Suurta hyötyä koettiin siitä, että vanhemmat saivat konkreettisia keinoja ja neuvoja unihäiriöiden hoitoon.
Opinnäytetyön pohjalta luotiin e-posteri, johon sisällytettiin keskeisimmät asiat pikkulasten unihäiriöistä ja niiden hoidosta. Siinä esitellään tyypillisimmät unihäiriöt, niiden aiheuttajat sekä niiden hoito- ja ehkäisykeinoja. E-posteriin on lisätty myös linkkejä lisätietoihin pikkulasten unihäiriöistä. E-posteria voidaan jatkossa hyödyntää sairaanhoitajaopiskelijoiden tai jo valmiiden sairaanhoitajien tiedon syventämiseen.The objective of this thesis was to gather knowledge about young children’s sleeping disorders. After collecting enough information about the topic, the purpose was to make an e-poster based on the data. The e-poster was made for nursing students or already graduated nurses to deepen their knowledge.
The results were that young children’s sleeping disorders were very common and they can be caused by various factors. The most common reasons were unfavorable circadian rhythm and routines. For some more of the most common reasons, there were bad interactions between a parent and a child, or a parent’s mental disorder. The whole family was affected by the child’s sleeping disorder. The most common sleeping disorders were bad sleeping patterns, difficulties falling asleep alone and waking up in the middle of the night. Young children’s sleeping disorders were usually mild and could be easily treated. Parents have much responsibility for treating the disorders. Information given by healthcare professionals was seen significant to prevent young children’s sleeping disorders.
The e-poster was made, and the most central information was gathered there. The information consisted of general knowledge about young children’s sleeping disorders, what they are, what triggers them and how they can be treated and prevented
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