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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Möglichkeiten des Elektrodencoatings für elekrisch-akusische Stimulationsimplantate
No full textHintergrund: Die Idee mittels elektrischer Stimulation des Hörnervs einen Höreindruck zu generieren, wurde bereits vor über hundert Jahren geboren, jedoch war es ein weiter Weg bis zur heutigen Cochleaimplantat- und elektrisch-akustischen Stimulationstechnologie. In einigen Versuchen wurden Teilstrecken der Elektroden im Mittelohr belassen. Bei dem Versuch diese nach Verlust des Restgehörs nachzujustieren, fand man fibrosierte und mit Biofilm umgebene Elektroden vor. Da die Elektroden sehr anfällig für eine Biofilmbildung und Fibrosierungen sind, muss nach Methoden für das Coating der Elektroden gesucht werden, um die Funktionalität aufrecht zu erhalten. Weil bereits einige Studien rund um das Thema Coating im Innenohr existieren, werden die relevantesten Studien gegenübergestellt und auch mit Coatingmethoden anderer Fachdisziplinen verglichen und auf ihre Relevanz für das Mittelohr überprüft. Das Vergleichen verschiedener rezenter Studien aus unterschiedlichsten Fachdisziplinen dient als Themenaufriss für eine spätere Forschung.
Methoden: Diese Literaturarbeit vergleicht rezente Studien zum Thema Elektrodencoating bei Cochleaimplantaten, sowie bei anderen Elektrodenappplikationen. Für die Erarbeitung der Grundlagen wurden Lehrbücher und Fachliteratur verwendet. Es wurde eine umfassende Literaturrecherche über PubMed sowie Google Scholar durchgeführt. Mittels der Stichworte Cochlear implant electrode coating, middle ear electrode protection cochlear oder cochlear implant biofilm prevention konnten wichtige, aktuelle Studien in die Arbeit berücksichtigt werden. Die verschiedenen Modelle der drei größten Cochleaimplantat Produzenten wurden gegenübergestellt. Außerdem wurden andere Fachbereiche hinzugezogen und auf Coatingmethoden untersucht, welche auch in der Cochleaimplantat Technologie nützlich sein können. Die Studien wurden nach Funktionalisierungsmethoden sortiert und auf ihre Relevanz überprüft. Anschließend wurden die Strategien des Coatings anderer Fachgebiete in den Kontext eingeordnet. Die Studien wurden analysiert und die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile zusammengefasst.
Ergebnisse: Die Analyse der verschiedenen Studien über das Elektrodencoating im medizinischen Bereich brachte die verschiedenen Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Methoden hervor. Keine der hier gezeigten Studien konnte gleichzeitig die Biofilm- und Bindegewebsbildung verhindern. Daher scheint eine Kombination mehrerer Funktionalisierungsmethoden sinnvoll. Der Blick in andere Fachdisziplinen bezüglich der Coatingstrategien konnte viele interessante und vielversprechende Ansätze hervorbringen, welche im Milieu des Mittel- und Innenohrs weiter erforscht werden sollten.Background: The idea of generating a hearing impression by means of electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve was born more than a hundred years ago, but it was a long way to today's cochlear implant and electric-acoustic stimulation technology. In some experiments, partial sections of the electrodes were left in the middle ear. When attempts were made to readjust these after loss of residual hearing, electrodes were found to be fibrosed and surrounded by biofilm. Due to the fact that the electrodes are very susceptible to biofilm formation and fibrosis, methods for coating the electrodes to prevent them from breaking down must be sought. Because there are already some studies around the topic of coating in the inner ear, only the most relevant studies will be compared and also compared with coating methods from other disciplines and reviewed for their relevance to the middle ear. The comparison of different recent studies from different disciplines serves as a topic outline for a later research.
Methods: This literature review compares recent studies on electrode coating for cochlear implants, as well as other electrode applications. Textbooks and technical literature were used to develop the basic principles. A comprehensive literature search was conducted via PubMed as well as Google Scholar. By using the keywords cochlear implant electrode coating, middle ear electrode protection cochlear or cochlear implant biofilm prevention, important recent studies could be included in the work. The different models of the three largest cochlear implant producers were compared. In addition, other disciplines were consulted and examined for coating methods that may also be useful in cochlear implant technology. The studies were sorted by functionalization methods and reviewed for relevance. Coating strategies from other disciplines were then placed in context. The studies were analyzed and the respective advantages and disadvantages were summarized.
Results: Analysis of the various studies on electrode coating in the medical field revealed the different advantages and disadvantages of each method. None of the studies shown here could simultaneously prevent biofilm and connective tissue formation. Therefore, a combination of several functionalization methods seems reasonable. The look into other disciplines regarding coating strategies could bring many interesting and promising approaches, which should be further explored in the middle and inner ear milieu.eingereicht von Posch Eva BSc.Masterarbeit Universität Linz 202
Möglichkeiten des Elektrodencoatings für elekrisch-akusische Stimulationsimplantate
No full textHintergrund: Die Idee mittels elektrischer Stimulation des Hörnervs einen Höreindruck zu generieren, wurde bereits vor über hundert Jahren geboren, jedoch war es ein weiter Weg bis zur heutigen Cochleaimplantat- und elektrisch-akustischen Stimulationstechnologie. In einigen Versuchen wurden Teilstrecken der Elektroden im Mittelohr belassen. Bei dem Versuch diese nach Verlust des Restgehörs nachzujustieren, fand man fibrosierte und mit Biofilm umgebene Elektroden vor. Da die Elektroden sehr anfällig für eine Biofilmbildung und Fibrosierungen sind, muss nach Methoden für das Coating der Elektroden gesucht werden, um die Funktionalität aufrecht zu erhalten. Weil bereits einige Studien rund um das Thema Coating im Innenohr existieren, werden die relevantesten Studien gegenübergestellt und auch mit Coatingmethoden anderer Fachdisziplinen verglichen und auf ihre Relevanz für das Mittelohr überprüft. Das Vergleichen verschiedener rezenter Studien aus unterschiedlichsten Fachdisziplinen dient als Themenaufriss für eine spätere Forschung.
Methoden: Diese Literaturarbeit vergleicht rezente Studien zum Thema Elektrodencoating bei Cochleaimplantaten, sowie bei anderen Elektrodenappplikationen. Für die Erarbeitung der Grundlagen wurden Lehrbücher und Fachliteratur verwendet. Es wurde eine umfassende Literaturrecherche über PubMed sowie Google Scholar durchgeführt. Mittels der Stichworte Cochlear implant electrode coating, middle ear electrode protection cochlear oder cochlear implant biofilm prevention konnten wichtige, aktuelle Studien in die Arbeit berücksichtigt werden. Die verschiedenen Modelle der drei größten Cochleaimplantat Produzenten wurden gegenübergestellt. Außerdem wurden andere Fachbereiche hinzugezogen und auf Coatingmethoden untersucht, welche auch in der Cochleaimplantat Technologie nützlich sein können. Die Studien wurden nach Funktionalisierungsmethoden sortiert und auf ihre Relevanz überprüft. Anschließend wurden die Strategien des Coatings anderer Fachgebiete in den Kontext eingeordnet. Die Studien wurden analysiert und die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile zusammengefasst.
Ergebnisse: Die Analyse der verschiedenen Studien über das Elektrodencoating im medizinischen Bereich brachte die verschiedenen Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Methoden hervor. Keine der hier gezeigten Studien konnte gleichzeitig die Biofilm- und Bindegewebsbildung verhindern. Daher scheint eine Kombination mehrerer Funktionalisierungsmethoden sinnvoll. Der Blick in andere Fachdisziplinen bezüglich der Coatingstrategien konnte viele interessante und vielversprechende Ansätze hervorbringen, welche im Milieu des Mittel- und Innenohrs weiter erforscht werden sollten.Background: The idea of generating a hearing impression by means of electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve was born more than a hundred years ago, but it was a long way to today's cochlear implant and electric-acoustic stimulation technology. In some experiments, partial sections of the electrodes were left in the middle ear. When attempts were made to readjust these after loss of residual hearing, electrodes were found to be fibrosed and surrounded by biofilm. Due to the fact that the electrodes are very susceptible to biofilm formation and fibrosis, methods for coating the electrodes to prevent them from breaking down must be sought. Because there are already some studies around the topic of coating in the inner ear, only the most relevant studies will be compared and also compared with coating methods from other disciplines and reviewed for their relevance to the middle ear. The comparison of different recent studies from different disciplines serves as a topic outline for a later research.
Methods: This literature review compares recent studies on electrode coating for cochlear implants, as well as other electrode applications. Textbooks and technical literature were used to develop the basic principles. A comprehensive literature search was conducted via PubMed as well as Google Scholar. By using the keywords cochlear implant electrode coating, middle ear electrode protection cochlear or cochlear implant biofilm prevention, important recent studies could be included in the work. The different models of the three largest cochlear implant producers were compared. In addition, other disciplines were consulted and examined for coating methods that may also be useful in cochlear implant technology. The studies were sorted by functionalization methods and reviewed for relevance. Coating strategies from other disciplines were then placed in context. The studies were analyzed and the respective advantages and disadvantages were summarized.
Results: Analysis of the various studies on electrode coating in the medical field revealed the different advantages and disadvantages of each method. None of the studies shown here could simultaneously prevent biofilm and connective tissue formation. Therefore, a combination of several functionalization methods seems reasonable. The look into other disciplines regarding coating strategies could bring many interesting and promising approaches, which should be further explored in the middle and inner ear milieu.eingereicht von Posch Eva BSc.Masterarbeit Universität Linz 202
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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