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Tratamentos alternativos e peliculiza??o de sementes de milho para controle de Sitophilus zeamais
Get PDFCorn is one of the main cereals grown on the world, is the second most produced grain in
the Brazilian territory and its seed is important not only for its annual production, but for
the relationship with the Brazilian agricultural production. In small rural properties, corn
seeds are usually stored after harvest for future sowing, however, such seeds are normally
stored with low or no health control, presenting a high potential for infestation of pests,
such as Sitophilus zeamais MOTS. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the
efficiency of pelliculation and different products of plant origin in the control of corn
weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) and its influence on the physiological quality of corn seeds. For
this purpose, this work was divided into two chapters. The experimental design used in the
first chapter was completely randomized (DIC), in a bifactorial scheme, 5 x 4, with five
vegetable derivatives (Piper nigrum, Pinnus elliottii, Ricinus communis, Corymbia
citriodora and Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and four concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 6 g.kg-1 of
seeds). The evaluations were carried out at two (zero time) and at thirty days (time 30),
after seed treatment, with tests of humidity, germination, mortality and insect repellency.
Black pepper was effective for the control of S. zeamais and its toxicity to insects is directly
proportional to the increase in the concentration of application in corn seeds. Black pepper
and castor bean have a repellent action against S. zeamais regardless of the storage time of
the seeds and the concentration of the product used. Castor at a concentration of 4 g.kg-1
impairs the physiological quality of corn seeds. Chapter 2 evaluated the efficiency of
pelliculation and different pepper powders in the repellency and control of corn weevil and
its influence on the physiological quality of seeds during storage. The experimental design
used was completely randomized, adopting the 5 x 4 x 2 three-factor scheme and an
additional one. The treatments were Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.), Cayenne Pepper
(Capsicum annuum L.), Jamaica Pepper (Pimenta dioica L.), Lady's Finger Pepper
(Capsicum baccatum L.) and control, four evaluation periods (0, 45, 90 and 135 days), with
and without pelliculation and an additional treatment (chemical insecticide - Gastoxin?
B57), with four repetitions. Bioassays were carried out to evaluate the physiological quality
of seeds, infestation, repellency and insect mortality. The use of pelliculization impaired the
insecticidal effect of vegetable powders, contributing to the increase of insect infestation
and consequently reducing the physiological quality of seeds during storage.
The treatments with black pepper and Lady?s finger peper, did not affect the physiological
quality of the seeds during storage. The treatments that caused the highest mortality were
black pepper and Jamaica pepper, without pelliculation. However, further studies on
dosage, form of use and storage period are necessary.O milho ? um dos principais cereais cultivados no mundo, ? o segundo gr?o mais produzido
no territ?rio brasileiro e sua semente ? importante n?o apenas pela sua produ??o anual, mas
tamb?m pelo relacionamento com a produ??o agr?cola brasileira. Em pequenas
propriedades rurais, as sementes de milho costumam ser armazenadas ap?s a colheita para
semeadura futura, por?m tais sementes, normalmente s?o armazenadas com baixo ou
nenhum controle de sanidade, apresentando elevado potencial para infesta??o de pragas,
tais como de Sitophilus zeamais MOTS. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito
da peliculiza??o e de diferentes produtos de origem vegetal no controle do gorgulho do
milho (Sitophilus zeamais) e sua influ?ncia na qualidade fisiol?gica de sementes de milho.
Para tanto, este trabalho foi dividido em dois cap?tulos. O delineamento experimental
utilizado no primeiro cap?tulo foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em esquema bifatorial,
5 x 4, sendo cinco derivados vegetais (Pimenta do reino (Piper nigrum), Pinus (Pinnus
elliottii), Mamona (Ricinus communis), Eucalipto (Corymbia citriodora) e Canela
(Cinnamomum zeylanicum) e quatro concentra??es (0, 2, 4 e 6 g.kg-1 de sementes). As
avalia??es foram realizadas aos dois (tempo zero) e aos trinta dias (tempo 30) ap?s o
tratamento das sementes, sendo realizados os testes de umidade, germina??o, mortalidade e
repel?ncia de insetos. A pimenta do reino foi eficaz para o controle de S. zeamais e sua
toxicidade aos insetos ? diretamente proporcional ao aumento da concentra??o de aplica??o
nas sementes de milho. A pimenta do reino e a mamona apresentaram a??o repelente ao S.
zeamais independentemente do tempo de armazenamento das sementes e da concentra??o
do produto utilizado. A mamona na concentra??o de 4 g.kg-1 de sementes prejudicou a
qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes de milho. No cap?tulo 2 avaliou-se a efici?ncia da
peliculiza??o e de diferentes p?s de pimenta na repel?ncia e no controle do gorgulho do
milho e sua influ?ncia na qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes durante o armazenamento. O
delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, adotando-se o esquema
trifatorial 5 x 4 x 2 e um adicional. Os tratamentos foram Pimenta do reino (Piper nigrum
L.), Pimenta caiena (Capsicum annuum L.) Pimenta Jamaica (Pimenta dioica L.), Pimenta
dedo de mo?a (Capsicum baccatum L.) e testemunha, quatro per?odos de avalia??o (0, 45,
90 e 135 dias), com e sem peliculiza??o e um tratamento adicional (inseticida qu?mico ?
Gastoxin? B57), com quatro repeti??es. Foram realizados bioensaios para avalia??o da
qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes, de infesta??o, repel?ncia e mortalidade de insetos. O
uso da peliculiza??o prejudicou o efeito inseticida dos p?s vegetais contribuindo para o
aumento da infesta??o de insetos e por conseguinte redu??o da qualidade fisiol?gica das
sementes durante o armazenamento. Os tratamentos com pimenta do reino e pimenta dedo
de mo?a n?o prejudicaram a qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes durante o armazenamento.
Os tratamentos que causaram maior mortalidade dos insetos foram pimenta do reino e
pimenta jamaica, sem peliculiza??o. No entanto, se faz necess?rio maiores estudos sobre
dosagem, forma de utiliza??o e per?odo de armazenamento
Estudo das altera??es anat?micas, bioqu?micas e fisiol?gicas em pl?ntulas de milho h?brido e crioulo submetidas a diferentes temperaturas
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the anatomical, physiological and
biochemical changes in the germination and vigor of hybrid and creole corn seeds
submitted to different temperatures. The study was carried out at the Growth and
Plant Physiology Laboratories of the Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul
(UFFS), campus Laranjeiras do Sul campus, Paran?. Seeds of Creole and hybrid
corn were used. Creole corn seeds (MPA1 and Catarina varieties) came from the
MPA ? Movimento dos pequenos agricultores, from the city of Porto Barreiro,
Paran?. Hybrid corn seeds (Herculex? and Conventional cultivars) were acquired
from Pioneer. The experiments were divided into three trials. In the first
experiment, the germination temperature was 25 ?C, recommended for the
species. In the second, the germination temperature was 35 ?C and in the third,
the temperature was 15 ?C. In order to evaluate the physiological quality of the
seeds, the following tests were performed: germination, and index of germination
velocity, and time for 50% for germination (T50%). For the anatomical
characterization of the plants were observed the number of stomata and
equatorial and polar diameter of the stomata. For the biochemical evaluation, the
concentrations of chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars and starch,
proteins, the activity of the enzymes Superoxide dismutase - SOD and Ascorbate
peroxidase - APX and the damage caused by lipid peroxidation (LPO) in leaf
tissue were quantified. The physiological quality of the hybrid seeds was superior,
although the creole variety Catarina presented similar results to the Conventional
variety. The temperature of 15 ?C reduced the speed of the germination of corn
seeds, of general way, but did not affect the process itself. The temperature of 35
?C affected drastically the germination process of all the varieties. The parameter
polar diameter of stomata is sensitive to the temperature of 35 ? C, being
influenced by the stress caused by the temperature. The corn chlorophyll a and
b content were altered as a function of temperature. The temperature influenced
the accumulation of sugars, as the starch concentration was higher under stress
conditions. Hybrid varieties are more influenced by temperature in the protein
accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The MPA1 creole variety showed the highestprotein concentration and lower damage by lipid peroxidation in the different
temperatures. Conventional and Catarina varieties showed greater adaptation to
high and low temperatures since they presented greater of the APX activity. The
high temperature affected the SOD activity differently in the hybrids and creoles
varieties, reducing activity in the creole and increasing in the hybrids. Although
the physiological quality of the creole seeds is inferior to that of the hybrid seeds,
due to the less efficient production and storage care, It was observed that the
creole varieties present biochemical quality similar to the hybrids, and can
perform well in the field when subjected to temperature stress, due to being
adapted to the climate where they are cultivated.Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as altera??es anat?micas, fisiol?gicas e
bioqu?micas na germina??o e no vigor de sementes de milho h?brido e crioulo
submetidas a diferentes temperaturas. O estudo foi realizado nos Laborat?rios
de Crescimento e Fisiologia Vegetal da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul
(UFFS), campus Laranjeiras do Sul, Paran?. Foram utilizadas sementes de milho
crioulo e h?brido. As sementes de milho crioulo (variedades MPA1 e Catarina)
foram provenientes do MPA - Movimento dos Pequenos Agricultores, do
munic?pio de Porto Barreiro, Paran?. As sementes de milho h?brido (cultivares
Herculex? e Convencional) foram adquiridas da empresa Pioneer. Os
experimentos realizados foram divididos em tr?s ensaios. No primeiro ensaio foi
utilizada temperatura de germina??o de 25?C, recomendada para a esp?cie, no
segundo a temperatura de germina??o utilizada foi de 35?C e no terceiro a
temperatura utilizada foi de 15?C. Para a avalia??o da qualidade fisiol?gica das
sementes foram realizados os seguintes testes: germina??o e ?ndice de
velocidade de germina??o, e tempo para ocorr?ncia de 50% de germina??o (T50).
Para a caracteriza??o anat?mica das pl?ntulas foram observados o n?mero de
est?matos e di?metro equatorial e polar dos est?matos. Para a avalia??o
bioqu?mica foram quantificadas as concentra??es de clorofila, de a??cares
sol?veis totais, de a??cares redutores e amido, prote?nas, a atividade das
enzimas Super?xido dismutase - SOD e Ascorbato peroxidase - APX e o dano
causado pela peroxida??o lip?dica no tecido foliar. A qualidade fisiol?gica das
sementes h?bridas foi superior, apesar da variedade crioula Catarina apresentar
resultados semelhantes ? variedade Convencional. A temperatura de 15 ?C
reduziu a velocidade do processo de germina??o das sementes de milho, por?m
n?o afetou o processo em si. A temperatura de 35 ?C afetou drasticamente o
processo de germina??o de todas as variedades. O par?metro di?metro polar de
est?matos ? sens?vel a temperatura de 35 ?C, sendo influenciado pelo estresse
causado pela temperatura. O conte?do de clorofila a e b do milho foram alterados
em fun??o da temperatura. A temperatura influenciou na acumula??o de
a??cares, sendo que a concentra??o de amido foi maior em condi??es de
estresse. As variedades h?bridas s?o mais influenciadas pela temperatura quantoa acumula??o de prote?nas e a peroxida??o lip?dica sendo que a variedade
crioula MPA1 foi a que apresentou maior concentra??o de prote?nas e menor
dano por peroxida??o lip?dica nas diferentes temperaturas. As variedades
Convencional e Catarina apresentaram maior adapta??o a altas e baixas
temperaturas j? que apresentaram maior atividade da APX. A temperatura alta
afetou a atividade da SOD diferentemente nas variedades h?bridas e nas
crioulas, sendo que reduziu a atividade nas crioulas e aumentou nas h?bridas.
Apesar de a qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes crioulas serem inferiores a das
sementes h?bridas, devido aos cuidados com a produ??o e armazenamento
serem menos eficientes, observou-se que as variedades crioulas apresentam
qualidade bioqu?mica semelhante as h?bridas, podendo ter um desempenho no
campo quando submetidas a estresse por temperatura, devido a estarem
adaptadas ao clima onde s?o cultivadas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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