1,721,021 research outputs found
Bioactive extracts, obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction, from Citrus processing wastes
No full textCitrus plants belong to the Rutaceae family and include Citrus reticulata (sweet mandarin), Citrus paradisi (grapefruit), and Citrus limon (lemon); all of which are among the most popular fruits in the world. The main use of citrus fruits is to produce citrus juice, however, the processing waste of the citrus industry such as peel, pulp and seeds are also a potential source of valuable by-products. Citrus seeds are also used in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. This study investigates the fixed oil obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE), at 250 bar and 40 °C, and by n-hexane in a Soxhlet apparatus (SE) from seeds of mandarin, lemon and grapefruit waste discarded by a local industry in Sardinia (Italy). High percentages of linoleic, from (35 to 42) %; oleic, (22 to 28) %; palmitic, (21 to 25) %; linolenic, (4 to 10) % and stearic, (4 to 7) % acids were observed in SFE Citrus seed oils. The fatty acid profiles of the three oils were similar; linoleic acid was the major fatty acid. The content of linolenic acid was higher in the lemon oil than in the mandarin and grapefruit seed SFE oils; 10 % with respect to 4 %. Citrus SFE oils were also evaluated for their attractant effect on the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata by behavioral assays. The three oils obtained by solvent extraction were identical to the ones obtained by means of SFE but without the additional benefit of not having unwanted traces of solvent
Extraction and isolation of Salvia Desoleana and Mentha Spicata Subsp Insularis essential oil by supercritical CO2
No full textThermodynamics of binary mixtures containing linear or cyclic alkenes + n-alkanes or cyclohexane
No full textA head-space technique has been used to determine vapor-phase equilibria for binary mixtures of linear or cyclic mono- and polyalkenes + n-alkanes or + cyclohexane. Excess molar Gibbs energies, G(E), for the mixtures investigated were obtained by a least-squares treatment of the equilibrium results. These data, the previously measured excess enthalpies, H-E, and the data available in the literature on G(E), H-E, activity coefficients at infinite dilution, gamma(i)(infinity), and molar excess enthalpies at infinite dilution, h(i) (E,infinity) are examined on the basis of the DISQUAC group contribution model. The model provides a fairly consistent description of the phase equilibria and the related excess functions, using a unique set of structure-dependent dispersive parameters
Supercritical extraction of fixed oils from Rosa canina L. seeds and pulp. Chemical composition.
No full textHERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF BINARY MIXTURES CONTAINING ALKANENITRILES. II. EXCESS VOLUMES OF ALKANENITRILES + 1-CHLOROALKANES
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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