1,720,967 research outputs found
Creative quality matters: Teaching early-career scientists to think in multiple directions
No full textDivergent thinking (DT) is an essential cognitive ability to nurture creativity and is often used as an indicator of creative potential. This study examined early-career scientists’ ability to generate ideas in multiple directions during a 10-week creativity course. Three alternate-form exercises of two formats (“Many uses” and “What is”) – conducted at the beginning, middle, and end of the course – were used to assess DT evolution of biology PhD students (n = 21). Responses to these exercises were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using traditional DT scores, and theorydriven dimensions representing the ideational hyperspace. Results showed that PhD students’ fluency, originality, and peak originality greatly increased from Exercise 1 to Exercise 2, however, in Exercise 3, which involved the “What is” task, growth was not statistically significant in any ofthe three DT scores. Although overall fluency increased, correlations with originality and peakoriginality became weaker as the course advanced and not significant in the last exercise. The ideational hyperspace analysis revealed that PhD students generated ideas mostly on six conceptual categories: Practical, Serious, Non-Synthetic, NEMBL, Feasible, and Domain-General; five of which had been negatively correlated with originality. Findings suggested that DT should be supported with the practice of cognitive flexibility and deliberately thinking about specific cognitive processes to improve early-career scientists’ ability to generate both more and highly original ideas. Considerations for teaching creativity to scientists are discussed.Fil: Pontis, Sheila. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Vasquez Perez, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Salerno, Graciela Lidia. Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Diseño gráfico: Un novel objeto de investigación. Caso de estudio, el proceso de diseño
No full textEl término investigación es comúnmente utilizado en el ámbito de las ciencias experimentales, mientras que en el ámbito de las disciplinas artísticas, como el Diseño Gráfico, su significado es casi desconocido. Sin embargo, desde hace por lo menos 20 años, se ha estado generando un creciente interés por la práctica académica del Diseño Gráfico, que se evidencia, por ejemplo, en el análisis de los procesos de diseño. Este enfoque plantea una visión del diseño como una disciplina compleja, respaldada también por un corpus teórico y no sólo como una práctica profesional. Este artículo describe en qué consiste una investigación de una práctica proyectual, introduce distintas teorías sobre una investigación en diseño, analiza cuáles pueden ser algunas de sus metodologías, e introduce la investigación del proceso de diseño como un "estudio de caso"
Diseño gráfico: Un novel objeto de investigación. Caso de estudio, el proceso de diseño
No full textp. 9 - 18El término investigación es comúnmente utilizado en el ámbito de las ciencias experimentales, mientras que en el ámbito de las disciplinas artísticas, como el Diseño Gráfico, su significado es casi desconocido. Sin embargo, desde hace por lo menos 20 años, se ha estado generando un creciente interés por la práctica académica del Diseño Gráfico, que se evidencia, por ejemplo, en el análisis de los procesos de diseño. Este enfoque plantea una visión del diseño como una disciplina compleja, respaldada también por un corpus teórico y no sólo como una práctica profesional. Este artículo describe en qué consiste una investigación de una práctica proyectual, introduce distintas teorías sobre una investigación en diseño, analiza cuáles pueden ser algunas de sus metodologías, e introduce la investigación del proceso de diseño como un "estudio de caso".Theterm researchis commonly used in the field of experimental sciences, while in the field of artistic disciplines such as Graphic Design, its meaning is almost unknown. However, for at least 20 years, a growing interest in the academic practice of graphic design has been generated; this is made evident, for example, in the analysis of design processes. This approach suggests a vision of design as a complex discipline, also supported by a body of theory and not only as a professional practice. This article describes the role of a research project within a project practice, introduces differenttheories on a design research, analyzes what can some of its methodologies be, and introduces the research ofthe design process as a "case study," as well.Medellí
The story behind the output: Enhancing transparency in design research through flexible and adapted strategies
No full textTransparency is an integral element in achieving trustworthiness in qualitative research. Current transparency standards are generally built for academic contexts. They often require a substantial investment of time in explaining the rationale behind every step of the research process, synthesis being recognized as the most complex stage to follow, document, and communicate.
Design consultancies deal with different constraints from those faced by academic researchers, including tight deadlines, and clients’ participation, creating potential barriers to adopting the same kind of transparency strategies in the consultancy context. With this in mind, the exploration began by questioning: are transparency strategies currently being applied in the design consultancy world? If so, how? If not, why not? and how could design researchers be helped to do so?
The thesis used semi-structured online interviews with design research professionals to determine a broad set of themes relevant to the research questions. The subsequent identification of challenges and opportunities to apply transparency in online research led to (1) a new definition of transparency adapted to the design consultancy context, (2) a set of motivations to be intentionally transparent, and (3) a toolbox with strategies to integrate and improve transparency in different remote project situations a design researcher may face. This toolbox is meant to be collaborative, flexible, and fun while providing a stepping stone to purposefully start, encourage, and continue the transparency conversation.S.M
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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