1,720,971 research outputs found
Gut Bless Your Pain—Roles of the Gut Microbiota, Sleep, and Melatonin in Chronic Orofacial Pain and Depression
No full textBackground. Increased attention has been paid to the gut–brain axis recently, but little is known so far regarding how this translates into pain susceptibility. Aim. The aim of this review is to determine whether gastroenterological disorders and sleep disorders (directly or indirectly) contribute to an increased susceptibility to depression and chronic orofacial pain. Method. A search was performed in the U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database in order to find studies published before 19 December 2021. We used the following terms: gut microbiome, OR sleep quality, OR melatonin, OR GERD, OR IBS, AND: depression OR chronic pain, in different configurations. Only papers in English were selected. Given the large number of papers retrieved in the search, their findings were described and organized narratively. Results. A link exists between sleep disorders and gastroenterological disorders, which, by adversely affecting the psyche and increasing inflammation, disturb the metabolism of tryptophan and cause excessive microglial activation, leading to increased susceptibility to pain sensation and depression. Conclusions. Pain therapists should pay close attention to sleep and gastrointestinal disorders in patients with chronic pain and depression
Correlation Between Parental-Reported Tooth Grinding and Sleep Disorders: Investigation in a Cohort of 741 Consecutive Children
No full textPURPOSE: A possible relationship between sleep bruxism (SB) and several sleep disorders has been suggested in children, which could influence sleep quality and quality of life. This study aims to assess such correlations in a large sample of school children.
METHODS: Parents of 741 consecutive children aged between 8 and 12 years filled the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). It evaluated 45 items grouped in 8 components: duration of night-time sleep, sleep latency, bedtime problems, sleep quality, night awakenings, noc-turnal symptoms, morning symptoms and daytime sleepiness. An item evaluating parental-reported tooth grinding was also included. Correlation analysis was performed between paren-tal-reported tooth grinding and all the other items.
RESULTS: A significant correlation between parental-reported tooth grinding and several sleep disorders concerning bedtime problems, night awakenings, nocturnal symptoms, and morning symptoms has been found. In general, correlation strength of significant pairs was low, ranging from .092 (sleep apnea) to .234 (movement while falling asleep).
CONCLUSIONS: Parental-reported tooth grinding in children is correlated, even if weakly, with some sleep disorders concerning the sphere of bedtime problems, night awakenings, noc-turnal symptoms, breathing symptoms and morning symptoms. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings, with particular regard to the consistency of correlation outcomes between the parental reports and the sleep laboratory measures
Relationship between sleep bruxism and obstructive sleep apnoea: A population-based survey
Full text linkObjective: Sleep bruxism (SB) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) seem to be mutually associated. This study investigates the relationship between current SB and OSA-related symptoms and the difference in OSA-related symptoms between groups based on a history of SB. Methods: An online survey was drafted to report the presence of SB and OSA in sample of 243 individuals (M = 129;F = 114;mean(SD)age = 42.4 ± 14.4 years). The Subject-Based Assessment strategy recommended in the ‘Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism’ (STAB) was adopted to assess SB. To evaluate OSA-related symptoms, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and STOP-BANG questionnaires were adopted. Correlations between current SB and OSA-related symptoms were evaluated by Spearman test. ESS and STOP-BANG scores were compared by Mann–Whitney U test in individuals with and a without positive SB history. Results: Current SB and SB history were reported by 45.7% and 39.1% of the sample, respectively. 73.7%, 21% and 5.3% of the responders showed a low, intermediate and high risk of OSA, respectively. Neither significant correlations between current SB and OSA nor significant differences between SB groups emerged. Conclusions: This study did neither find any significant correlation between self-report of current SB and OSA nor significant differences in ESS and STOP-BANG scores between groups based on SB history
Correlation between Parental-Reported Tooth Grinding and Sleep Disorders: Investigation in a Cohort of 741 Consecutive Children.
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pilot Study of a New Mandibular Advancement Device
Full text linkThis study was conducted to determine the efficacy of a customized mandibular advancement device (MAD) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Eight patients (M = 3; F = 5; mean age = 56.3 ± 9.4) with a diagnosis of OSA confirmed by polysomnography (PSG) were re-cruited on the basis of the following inclusion criteria: apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 5, age between 18 and 75 years, body mass index (BMI) < 25, and PSG data available at baseline (T0). All were treated with the new NOA® MAD by OrthoApnea (NOA® ) for at least 3 months; PSG with NOA in situ was performed after 3 months of treatment (T1). The following parameters were calculated at T0 and T1: AHI, supine AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), percentage of recording time spent with oxygen saturation <90% (SpO2 < 90%), and mean oxygen desaturation (MeanSpO2%). Data were submitted for statistical analysis. The baseline values were AHI = 21.33 ± 14.79, supine AHI = 35.64 ± 12.80, ODI = 17.51 ± 13.5, SpO2 < 90% = 7.82 ± 17.08, and MeanSpO2% = 93.45 ± 1.86. Four patients had mild OSA (5 > AHI < 15), one moderate OSA (15 > AHI < 30), and three severe OSA (AHI > 30). After treatment with NOA®, statistically significant improvements in AHI (8.6 ± 4.21) and supine AHI (11.21 ± 7.26) were recorded. OrthoApnea NOA® could be an effective alternative in the treatment of OSA: the device improved the PSG parameters assessed
Craniofacial morphology in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
No full textAIM: The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between cranio-facial morphology and the severity of OSA.
METHODS: A sample of 14 adult patients (8 males and 6 females, mean±SD age=58±16.9 years), with a polysomnography confirmed diagnosis of OSA (i.e., AHI over 5 events/h), was recruited from the Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry (Pavia) and underwent a cephalometric evaluation. The cephalometric tracing was performed with Tweed analysis and using the Delta-Dent CE software.
Sleep parameters such as AHI, AHI supine, ODI and mean desaturation (%) were assessed. Correlation analysis between cephalometric features and AHI was performed by means of Pearson test.
RESULTS: Five of the OSA patients were diagnosed with mild OSA, 3 with moderate OSA, and 6 with severe OSA.
Mean AHI was 24,3±19.3/h, mean AHI supine 56,9/h, mean Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) 18,95/h, mean desaturation 93,55 %.
Cephalometric variables were FMA 19,3±1,4; SNB 78,8±0,8; ANB 1,25±3,4; Occl Plane 12,35 ± 9,1; PFH 50,8±11.
Pearson test showed a lack of correlation with any of the assessed cephalometric variables (p>.05).
CONCLUSIONS: This investigation showed that apnea severity is not correlated to craniofacial parameters. However, most of the patients in the sample showed a reduced FMA, a tendency to skeletal class III, an anterotation of the occlusal plane. Furthermore, prosthetic rehabilitations of the posterior sectors were found in many patients
Correlation between a Force-Sensing Oral Appliance and Electromyography in the Detection of Tooth Contact Bruxism Events
Full text linkBackground: Oral appliances embedding sensors can be interesting tools for monitoring tooth contact bruxism in a home environment, as they address some of the usability limitations of portable electromyography (EMG) systems. In this study, an oral appliance for sleep bruxism monitoring was compared to an electromyograph. Methods: Simulated bruxism events with tooth contact, specifically clenching and grinding, and other occlusal activities unrelated to bruxism, were measured in 23 subjects with the two instruments simultaneously. The recordings were analyzed automatically by a computer program in order to compare the two techniques. Results: The two instruments were found to be strongly correlated in terms of detecting events (r = 0.89), and estimating their duration (r = 0.88) and their intensity (r = 0.83). Conclusions: The two techniques were in agreement in measuring event frequency, duration and intensity in the studied group, suggesting that force-sensing oral appliances have the potential to be easy-to-use tools for home monitoring of bruxism, alone or as complements to portable EMGs
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