1,720,969 research outputs found
Stress, coping and psychopathology in Type 1 Diabetes
Get PDFDiabetes is associated with increased prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders. Disease burden-related stress and sub-optimal blood glucose control are generally accepted as the primary mediating factors. The extent of the prevailing psychopathology is contentious with previous cross-sectional studies reporting large variations. Furthermore, previous investigations have used self-report measures rather than clinical assessments of psychopathology. Additionally, studies of mood and anxiety disorders in non-Diabetes cohorts have shown a close association with increased psychological stress and maladaptive coping strategies however, little research has been conducted on the association between these factors in Diabetes. Regardless, comorbid mood and anxiety disorders in diabetes are associated with decreased self-care, sub-optimal metabolic control, and increased risk of complications. The aim of the present study was to quantify the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using clinical assessment, and to compare coping strategies and perceived stress levels to non-diabetes controls. Procedure: The study employed a cross-sectional case-control design. Participants presented for a structured neuropsychiatric interview (MINI600) in which they were assessed for the presence of psychopathology according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Coping and perceived stress were assessed by self-report using the Perceived Stress Scale, Rhode Island Stress and Coping Inventory, and Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Results and discussion: Multivariate ANOVA found no significant differences between groups in either perceptions of stress or coping strategies (p=.497). Chi-square tests revealed a significantly higher prevalence of mood or anxiety disorder (p<.001, 60% vs 10%). Alcohol and/or substance misuse was also found to be higher in the T1D group (p=.002, 30% vs 11%). Other variables could not account for the differences in levels of psychopathology between participant groups. As many as 60% of individuals with T1D suffer from anxiety or depression at any given time however; sufferers do not appear to perceive that they are under higher levels of stress than those without the condition, nor do they report different coping strategies. The results suggest that neither disease burden-related psychological stress nor blood glucose control factors may be able to account for the high prevalence of comorbid psychopathology
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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No full textFor more information about this item, browse to http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/578
Mental health and connectedness: exploring urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders understandings of mental health
Get PDFIt has been acknowledged that the mental health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people has been 'bedevilled' by the inappropriate application of non-Indigenous models of mental health. Given the poor health outcomes of Indigenous people, another approach to mental health practice is required. The space in which clinical psychology is practiced across cultures continues to be defined, with many services being provided by non-Indigenous practitioners. In order to enhance Indigenous health and wellbeing, it is necessary for non-Indigenous practitioners to find in a culturally safe way in which to enter the negotiated space of cross-cultural mental health. This will be facilitated through understanding both the points of similarly and divergence in perspectives of mental health across cultures. The current study aimed to provide a voice for urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to convey their understandings of mental health so that an accurate reflection may be available for those who are engaged in healing through health promotion and disease prevention. This study explored urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander's understandings of mental health using a positive psychology framework. A qualitative research design was conducted with a sample of 19 Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants. Data was collected via individual semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Qualitative analysis was conducted using a grounded theory method. Four themes emerged as reflecting health and wellbeing – coping skills, knowledge social support, and connectedness. The theme of connectedness emerged as reflecting a unique contribution to Indigenous health and wellbeing. The role of connectedness to country, family and kinship, knowledge and social networks were highlighted. Further, the theme of connectedness also emerged as central to supporting cultural identity. This information has implications for cross-cultural clinical practice, through providing a map for non-Indigenous practitioners to engage culturally safe practice. Further, it will support the development of culturally safe health and wellbeing programs that sustain and nurture the cultural identity and mental health of Indigenous people. In this way, meaningful contributions may be made by health professionals to closing the gap' in health and mental health outcomes for Indigenous people
The influence of union membership, precarious employment and government sectors on occupational stress, job security and job satisfaction
No full textOver the last three decades workers have experienced a dramatic shift towards neo-liberalism characterised by a reduction of social and public programs and services, deregulation, privatisation, and increased competition in most markets. This transformation of the workforce has lead to a rise in occupational stress levels and a significant reduction in union membership. This study examined the differences in occupational stress, job security and satisfaction levels between union and non union members. It also examined occupational stress, security, and satisfaction levels of workers in precarious and non precarious employment, and compared levels between government and non government workers. The study was completed as a fourth year thesis. Therefore it had a small sample size (N=57) consisting of participants recruited from the small city of Cairns and James Cook University, and also the Australian Workers Union, and the Department of Child Protection Services. The questionnaire consisted of 4 scales: Occupational Stress Index, Job Security Index, Job Satisfaction Index and Demographic Questionnaire. Results indicated that union members had significantly higher occupational stress than non union members (p=0.000). However, there were no significant difference between the two groups in job security and satisfaction. We also found no significant difference in job stress, security or satisfaction levels between workers in precarious and non precarious employment, nor between workers in government and non government sector. The significantly higher stress levels found among union members compared to non union member implies that it be further examined
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