1,720,958 research outputs found
Common agricultural policy: a European journey - then, now and the future
No full textUnderstanding the evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) during the last decade would need a glimpse of the transformation of the political, economic and social landscape in which the European Union (EU) operates and in which, its agricultural policy is allocated. Since the Mac Sharry reform of 1992, the CAP went under a gradual reform process, conditioned by internal and external factors affecting the agricultural sector. As with other EU reforms, changes in the CAP revealed that for them to be successful, they must be anchored or built upon their past achievements. Fast or discontinuous changes often reveal a non-feasible option. These past achievements must, however, be reviewed in the context of newly emerging factors of influence shaping the Union and the CAP. The main factors that have been driving the EU reform process can be grouped in the following categories: external factors, such as the Monetary Union and the Enlargement; internal factors, such as societal concerns about food safety, environmental conditions and animal welfare; and such other factors as the need to review the financing mechanism, the influence of structural adjustments, the impact of multilateral commitments and the position that EU hopes to occupy in the future global world
L'impatto sul sistema agroalimentare veneto dei nuovi scenari europei: revisione di medio periodo della PAC e adesione alla UE dei Paesi PECO
No full textRapporto sul sistema agroalimentare del Venet
Ocean Dynamics and Ice Fractures: Insights from Earth and Beyond
No full textIce, a pervasive element across the Solar System, holds immense importance in understanding the response of the Earth to ongoing climate change as well as the dynamics of planetary bodies. This dissertation investigates ice fractures on terrestrial and planetary ice bodies, focusing on their impact on the melting of ice shelves in Antarctica and their dynamics on Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons.The urgency to understand the behavior of terrestrial ice shelves under environmental forcing is driven by the ongoing climate crisis. Antarctica is experiencing a rapid loss of mass, primarily due to increasing ocean-induced melting at the base of its ice shelves in response to global warming. The release of glacier meltwater into the world’s oceans contributes to arising the global sea level. However, the rate and magnitude of sea-level rise are highly uncertain and the potential ice mass-loss from Antarctica could significantly accelerate sea-level rise throughout this century due to the instability of its ice shelves. Thus, accurately projecting Antarctica’s contribution to global sea level necessitates a better understanding of the processes behind the loss of its ice shelves.In this dissertation, I examine the thinning of Antarctic ice shelves caused by enhanced melting at their base due to warming oceans. Intrusion of ocean heat beneath the ice shelves indeed plays a crucial role in projecting their future. Through idealized ocean modeling using the Massachussetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm), I simulate ocean dynamics under the ice, investigating the impact of fractures and ice front retreat on the sub-shelf ocean circulation. Results indicate that fractures may act as barriers, inhibiting the intrusion of warm water towards the inland sections of the ice shelves, and thereby reducing basal melt. Furthermore, I examine the impact of the separation of iceberg A-68 from the Larsen C ice shelf in July 2017 on the sub-shelf ocean dynamics. This specific retreat event leads to the redistribution of heat under the ice, resulting in enhanced melting in specific sections of the ice shelf, suggesting future destabilisation of Larsen C. These findings highlight the importance of considering updated ice-shelf coastlines to accurately project ocean circulation and its implications for ice shelf stability.Furthermore, this dissertation explores the dynamics of specific lineament features observed on the surface of Europa, which are identified as ice fractures. Although limited observations restrict our understanding of ice fracturing events on this moon, insights from studying terrestrial ice sheets provide valuable knowledge. By extend ing an existing terrestrial-based numerical model of fracture propagation on ice shelves, I show that some lineaments on the surface of Europa exhibit a behavior that is similar to ice fractures on Antarctic ice shelves. The model depicts the evolution of these lineament features as bursts of fracture propagation events interspersed with periods of inactivity, which is a typical behavior of fractures on terrestrial ice shelves. Overall, this dissertation shows the potential for synergy between Earth and planetary science. By leveraging advances in our understanding of physical processes on Earth, terrestrial-based models and theories contribute to expanding our knowledge of physics on other celestial bodies. This interdisciplinary approach, supported and validated by remote sensing and in-situ missions, is fundamental in order to advance our understanding of ice fractures, their interaction with the surrounding environment and their dynamics throughout the Solar System. On Earth, a better understanding of the dynamics of Antarctic ice shelves is imperative to correctly project Antarctica’s contribution to global sea level.Physical and Space Geodes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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