1,720,980 research outputs found
Medición de funciones neuropsicológicas con el uso de tareas de lectura
Get PDFTwenty eight study subjects with three different academic backgrounds (university students, professors and cleaning staff), ages 18 thru 51, were interviewed to measure cognitive functions from the frontal lobes using four Reading Tasks and six Frontal Lobe Tests. Reading Tasks and Frontal Lobe Tests are good predictors of cognitive functions and the former measure pre morbid functions. All of these tests have high correlations with frontal lobes damage and Frontal Lobe Tests have been previously tested to have correlations with frontal lobes cognitive functions. High correlations were found between some of the tests which could be assumed to be good predictors of cognitive functioning. Finally, the importance between the correlations found and the measurement of pre morbid functions are discussed.Se entrevistó a 28 sujetos, entre estudiantes universitarios, personal de limpieza y profesores con doctorados, de entre 18 y 51 años de edad para medir funciones cognitivas de los lóbulos frontales utilizando cuatro Tareas de Lectura y seis Pruebas de Lóbulos Frontales. Las Tareas de Lectura y las Pruebas de Lóbulos Frontales son buenos predictores de funciones cognitivas y las primeras miden funciones pre mórbidas. Todas las pruebas tienen correlaciones con daños cerebrales en los lóbulos frontales y las Pruebas de Lóbulos Frontales han sido previamente constatadas para tener correlación con funciones cognitivas de los lóbulos frontales. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas altas entre algunas de las pruebas de las cuales se puede asumir que son buenos predictores de funcionamiento cognitivo. Además, se menciona la importancia entre las correlaciones encontradas y la medición de funciones pre mórbidas
La relación entre el desarrollo cognitivo en adolescentes entre 12 a 18 años y el estatus socioeconómico de sus familias
Get PDFThe main objective of this study was to verify if there is a correlation between the Socioeconomic Status (SES) of students aged 12 to 18 years and the test score of cognitive abilities. Due to all the literary evidence, it has been observed that poverty negatively affects the development of various skills such as vocabulary acquisition, executive functions and social cognition (Theory of Mind). In order to be able to verify if in fact the young people who have grown up in a low SES demonstrate a lower performance, and that this relationship exists between the SES and the development of their cognitive abilities, five cognitive tests were applied to young people from public and private schools. The design that was used for this research was quantitative correlational. The results proved that there is a significant correlation between the SES of the participants and the cognitive abilities evaluated. However, when taking the vocabulary test as a control variable, the new partial correlation coefficients indicated that the relationship between SES and executive functions and social cognition were eliminated. Concluding that the skill most affected by the SES of families is language, and that possibly this would be a predictor of the development of other skills.El principal objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si existe una correlación entre el Estatus Socioeconómico (ESE) de estudiantes de 12 a 18 años y el puntaje de test de habilidades cognitivas. Debido a toda la evidencia literaria, se ha observado que la pobreza afecta de forma negativa al desarrollo de varias destrezas como la adquisición de vocabulario, las funciones ejecutivas, y la cognición social (Teoría de la Mente). Para poder comprobar si en efecto los jóvenes que han crecido en un ESE bajo demuestran un menor desempeño, y que existe esta relación entre el ESE y el desarrollo de sus habilidades cognitivas se aplicaron cinco test cognitivos a jóvenes de instituciones educativas públicas y privadas. El diseño que se usó para esta investigación fue cuantitativo correlacional. En los resultados se pudo evidenciar que existe una correlación significativa entre el ESE de los participantes y las habilidades cognitivas evaluadas. Sin embargo, al tomar el resultado del test de vocabulario como una variable de control, los nuevos coeficientes de correlación parcial indicaron que se eliminó la relación entre el ESE y las funciones ejecutivas y cognición social. Llegando a la conclusión de que la habilidad más afectada por el ESE de las familias es el lenguaje, y que posiblemente este sea un predictor del desarrollo de las otras habilidades
Estudio correlacional entre la memoria de trabajo, inhibición de respuesta, y habilidad verbal con el éxito académico y el comportamiento en adolescentes
Get PDFIn the present research, the correlation of three executive functions and academic achievement is analyzed. In the same way, this study shows the relation of executive functions and students’ misbehavior at school. The total number of participants is 66 adolescents. The Spanish version of Vocabulary WISC, Reading Span, and Hayling were used to measure verbal ability, working memory, and response inhibition respectively. A modified version of Hayling test was created and applied specifically for this study. To assess the academic achievement, five-month period grades of Language, Science, History, and Math were included. In addition, a behavior questionnaire about students’ behavior was applied to four different teachers for each of the 66 participants. Consequently, the statistical analysis with SPSS shows significant correlations between executive functions and the academic achievement in some subjects, as well with students’ misbehavior.En este estudio correlacional se analizan por un parte tres funciones ejecutivas y su relación con el rendimiento académico. Por otra parte, se indica la relación entre estas funciones ejecutivas y el comportamiento de adolescentes dentro de su institución educativa. El número total de participantes es 66. Se utilizaron las versiones en español del sub test Vocabulario WISC, Reading Span, y Hayling para medir la habilidad verbal, memoria de trabajo e inhibición de respuesta respectivamente. Una versión modificada de Hayling test que se aplicó a los participantes fue creada exclusivamente para esta investigación. Para medir el desempeño académico de los participantes se usaron sus calificaciones correspondientes a un periodo de cinco meses en cuatro materias: Lenguaje, Biología, Historia y Matemática. Adicionalmente, se aplicó una encuesta a cuatro profesores distintos sobre el comportamiento de cada uno de los 66 participantes. Como consecuencia, el análisis estadístico a través de SPSS indica correlaciones no solamente entre las funciones ejecutivas y algunas materias, sino también con el mal comportamiento
Terapia cognitiva basada en mindfulness aplicada en niños refugiados con síntomas de estrés postraumático
Get PDFIn the year 2017 16.2 million people around the globe were forcefully displaced from their cities or countries. In the first 8 months of 2018, Ecuador received 547 thousand Venezuelans looking for refuge. Twenty percent of them were children or belonged to other vulnerable groups...En el año 2017 se registraron 16,2 millones de personas desplazadas forzosamente de sus ciudades y países, en el mundo. En tan sólo los primeros 8 meses del 2018 Ecuador recibió a 547 mil venezolanos en busca de refugio. De estos, 20% estaba conformado por niños y otros grupos vulnerables..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Challenges and strengths, thinking about ´street children´
Get PDFThe term ‘street children’ is often used as an umbrella category for street-connected children and youth. In this post, Graham Pluck discusses research approaches to street children, from those documenting their dire situation to those advocating their resourcefulness. However, if researchers are to effectively tackle street children’s problems, facile distinctions should be avoided by acknowledging both their strengths and weaknesses, he writes
A lexical decision task to measure crystallized-verbal ability in Spanish
No full textAbstract A classical distinction in cognitive science is between fluid and crystalized abilities. Fluid ability is captured by many common executive function and intelligence tests. Crystalized ability, on the other hand, can be measured quite simply via lexical decision tasks including the English-language Spot-the-Word Test. However, no similar Spanish-language test has been available up to now. This paper presents a Spanish-language Lexical Decision Task that is quick to administer and was tested on sample of 139 normal adult participants. Results indicate that the new test has good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. An analysis of the correlations between this new test and demographic variables, as well as with the subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale suggest that it is a valid measure of crystalized-verbal ability. It also appears to be a brief but valid assessment of intelligence in general, and its positive correlation with academic achievement establishes predictive validity. The new test has the potential to be a useful research tool to rapidly measure reading ability, crystalized-verbal ability, and intelligence in Spanish speaking adults.Resumen Una distinción clásica en la ciencia cognitiva es entre las habilidades fluidas y cristalizadas. La habilidad fluida es medida por muchas funcionas ejecutivas y tests de inteligencia. Por otro lado, la habilidad cristalizada puede ser medida sencillamente mediante una tarea de decisión léxica, como en la versión en inglés conocida como Spot-the-Word Test. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no ha habido una versión similar de este test en español. Aquí les presento una Tarea de Decisión Léxica en español que es de rápida aplicación. Esta fue aplicada en una muestra de 139 participantes, adultos normales. Los resultados indican que este nuevo test tiene buena consistencia interna y confiabilidad test-retest. Los análisis de las correlaciones entre este nuevo test y las variables demográficas, al igual que con las sub pruebas de las Escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler para Adultos, sugiere que es una medida confiable de la habilidad verbal cristalizada. También parece ser una breve, pero válida evaluación de inteligencia en general, con validez predictiva establecida por sus correlaciones positivas con el logro académico. Este nuevo test tiene potencial para ser una herramienta útil para medir rápidamente habilidad de lectura, habilidad verbal cristalizada e inteligencia en adultos hispanohablantes
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