588 research outputs found
Fetal programming in pregnancy-associated disorders:Studies in novel preclinical models
Get PDFHet prenatale leven wordt gekenmerkt door snelle groei en ontwikkeling van de foetus. Tijdens deze periode worden organen gevormd en de rijping van alle organen en weefsels gaat samen met een snelle groei van het lichaam. Dit is een zeer kritische periode in het mensenleven, omdat de omgeving tijdens de zwangerschap de fysiologie van de foetus kan vormen om het optimaal te laten functioneren in de rest van het leven. Blootstelling aan ongunstige omstandigheden in het vroege leven kan echter een langdurige nadelige invloed hebben op de fysieke en mentale gezondheid. Dit fenomeen wordt ‘foetale programmering’ of ‘Developmental Origins of Health and Disease’ hypothese genoemd. Tijdens de zwangerschap ondergaat het lichaam van de moeder verschillende lokale en systemische veranderingen in metabolisme, immunologie en hart en vaten. Deze veranderingen zorgen voor optimale groei en ontwikkeling van de foetus. Wanneer de beschikbaarheid van voedingsstoffen of het functioneren van de placenta niet optimaal is, zal dit leiden tot verminderde groei van de foetus en de ontwikkeling van zwangerschapscomplicaties. De meest voorkomende complicaties waarbij de intra-uteriene omstandigheden niet optimaal zijn, zijn pre-eclampsie, intra-uteriene groeivertraging en zwangerschapsdiabetes. Deze complicaties worden gekenmerkt door een complexe etiologie en kunnen het risico op de ontwikkeling van andere complicaties vergroten. Daarnaast wordt de foetus hier ook aan blootgesteld, wat leidt tot een verhoogd risico op cardiovasculaire en metabole aandoeningen later in het leven. Welke factoren tijdens de zwangerschap betrokken zijn bij deze foetale programmering is echter nog grotendeels onbekend. Het ontwikkelen van preklinische modellen voor zwangerschapscomplicaties is belangrijk om de effecten van verschillende factoren tijdens de zwangerschap op foetale programmering te onderzoeken. Het onderzoek beschreven in dit proefschrift focust op nieuwe modellen voor de meest voorkomende zwangerschapscomplicaties en het effect daarvan op de gezondheid van de foetus. De resultaten in dit proefschrift zouden nuttig kunnen zijn voor het evalueren van ernst van foetale programmering en het bepalen van klinisch beleid op dit gebied. In dit proefschrift laten we nieuwe preklinische modellen van zwangerschapscomplicaties zien die waardevol zijn voor het bestuderen van foetale programmering als gevolg van een niet-optimale intrauterine omgeving. Deze modellen zijn zeer belangrijk om de mechanismen die een rol spelen in het beïnvloeden van levenslange gezondheid te ontrafelen. Het achterhalen van deze mechanismen kan helpen om selectieve en geslachtsspecifieke diagnostische en therapeutische middelen te ontwerpen om nadelige foetale programmering tegen te gaan. De modellen die in dit proefschrift beschreven worden benaderen het klinische verloop van de zwangerschapscomplicaties met als doel de hiaten in translationeel onderzoek naar foetale programmering te overbruggen
More than just a gut instinct-the potential interplay between a baby's nutrition, its gut microbiome, and the epigenome
No full text<p>Substantial evidence links early postnatal nutrition to the development of obesity later in life. However, the molecular mechanisms of this connection must be further elucidated. Epigenetic mechanisms have been indicated to be involved in this process, referred to as metabolic programming. Therefore, we propose here that early postnatal nutrition (breast and formula feeding) epigenetically programs the developing organs via modulation of the gut microbiome and influences the body weight phenotype including the predisposition to obesity. Specifically, the early-age food patterns are known to determine the gross composition of the early gut microbiota. In turn, the microbiota produces large quantities of epigenetically active metabolites, such as folate and short chain fatty acids (butyrate and acetate). The spectrum of these produced metabolites depends on the composition of the gut microbiota. Hence, it is likely that changes in gut microbiota that result in altered metabolite composition might influence the epigenome of directly adjacent intestinal cells, as well as other major target cell populations, such as hepatocytes and adipocytes. Nuclear receptors and other transcription factors (the PPARs, LXR, RXR, and others) could be physiologically relevant targets of this metabolite-induced epigenetic regulation. Ultimately, transcriptional networks regulating energy balance could be manipulated. For these reasons, we postulate that early nutrition may influence the baby epigenome via microbial metabolites, which contributes to the observed relationship between early nutrition and adult obesity.</p>
Towards the mechanism of early-life programming: Consequences of a maternal western diet
Get PDFMaternal diet is associated with the development of metabolism-related and other diseases in the offspring. Underlying mechanisms and molecular markers are only starting to be revealed. In this research project, we explored the physiological and molecular impact of maternal western-style diet on the development of the offspring. Mice were exposed to either a low fat/low cholesterol diet (LFD) or a western-style high fat/high cholesterol diet (WSD) before mating, as well as during gestation and lactation. Dams and offspring were sacrificed at different developmental stages. In offspring of both sexes of WSD dams, liver and blood parameters, as well as hepatic gene expression profiles were changed. Exclusively male offspring had significantly higher body weight and a non-alcoholic fatty liver-phenotype upon maternal WSD. We conclude that maternal WSD affects physiological parameters and induces vital changes in the molecular profile of the liver in offspring. Remarkably, the observed biological responses of the offspring reveal pronounced sex-specificity, which in part might be related to a differential development of the placenta. We describe that the labyrinth diameter is larger in male placentas compared to the female placentas, which let us speculate that the male placenta supports transport of excess maternal nutrients to the male fetus. In addition we studied DNA methylation changes that might facilitate programming effects to persist into adulthood. In our mice we found a core set of specific methylation patterns corresponding to human steatohepatitis
Entwicklung einer schnellen Pulsformanalyse für asymmetrische AGATA-Germanium-Detektoren
No full textOnTEAM metadata: GDSID: DOC-2007-May-32; Attribute ID: LIBRARY-thesis_diss-2007-005; Title: [GSI Diss 2007-05] Entwicklung einer schnellen Pulsformanalyse für asymmetrische AGATA-Germanium-Detektoren; Author(s): Beck, Torsten; Corporate author(s): ; Publication date: 20070501; Creator: manton; Creation date: 15.05.2007 16:02:12; Change date: 29.10.2008 16:29:34; Access: nur berechtigte Gruppen; Attribute type: Text.Thesis.Diss; Directory path: ['GSI Publications', 'GSI as Publisher']; Attribute path: ['Infrastructure', 'Library and Documentation', 'thesis_diss', 'Added in 2007']; File name(s): ['DOC-2007-May-32-1.pdf']; File title(s): ['']; File access: ['nur berechtigte Gruppen'
Manifolds, sheaves, and cohomology
No full textThis book explains techniques that are essential in almost all branches of modern geometry such as algebraic geometry, complex geometry, or non-archimedian geometry. It uses the most accessible case, real and complex manifolds, as a model. The author especially emphasizes the difference between local and global questions. Cohomology theory of sheaves is introduced and its usage is illustrated by many examples. Content Topological Preliminaries - Algebraic Topological Preliminaries - Sheaves - Manifolds - Local Theory of Manifolds - Lie Groups - Torsors and Non-abelian Cech Cohomology - Bundles - Soft Sheaves - Cohomology of Complexes of Sheaves - Cohomology of Sheaves of Locally Constant Functions - Appendix: Basic Topology, The Language of Categories, Basic Algebra, Homological Algebra, Local Analysis Readership Graduate Students in Mathematics / Master of Science in Mathematics About the Author Prof. Dr. Torsten Wedhorn, Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
James Watson, Maclyn McCarty, and Torsten Wiesel
Get PDFTorsten Wiesel (right) with Professor Emeritus Maclyn McCarty (center), co-author of the paper with Oswald Avery and Colin MacLeod, and James D. Watson, director of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1994
Photo by Leif Carlsson
To commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the discovery at The Rockefeller University that genes are made of DNA - considered by many to be the single most important biological discovery of the twentieth century - the university has kicked off a year-long series of events that were running through May 1994. The celebration was formally inaugurated in November 1993 with a lecture by Nobel laureate James D. Watson, best known for discovering the double-helical structure of DNA.
See also Search Winter 1994, vol. 4, no. 1https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/group-portraits/1013/thumbnail.jp
Seltsame Schauspiele. Torsten Fogelqvists Deutschlandreise 1934
No full textIn 1934 Torsten Fogelqvist, a prominent member of the Swedish Academy and a well-known journalist and intellectual, visits Nazi Germany. He writes about his visit to the Third Reich in 17 articles published in the Stockholm daily newspaper Dagens Nyheter. The author, highly critical of the Hitler regime, scrutinizes several aspects of the nazified German society such as the attempts to re-educate the German citizen in accordance with the ideology of the new regime, the hero cult in the Nazi movement, and the relationship between the German state and the churches. In order to further an understanding of political and social developments in Germany Fogelqvist uses a specific strategy. He “translates” them into an imaginary Swedish context. This paper compares his views with those of other Swedish visitors
PISM glacial cycle sensitivity experiments of the Antarctic Ice Sheet
No full textThis dataset contains PISM simulation results (http://www.pism-docs.org) of the Antarctic Ice Sheet based on code release v1.0-paleo-ensemble (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3574033). PISM is the open-source Parallel Ice Sheet Model developed mainly at UAF, USA and PIK, Germany.
With the help of added python scripts, all figures can be reproduced as in the journal publication:
- Albrecht et al., 2020, doi:10.5194/tc-14-599-2020.
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Data:
Find PISM results as netCDF data. See 'README.md' for a list of all performed experiment.
All forcing input data for the experiments and plots can be downloaded and remapped via https://github.com/pism/pism-ais. Some of the original input data files are freely available, for others please contact the author or the corresponding data publisher.
Figure plotting scripts (jupyter notebook based on python, see https://jupyter.org) in 'plot_scripts' access the uploaded PISM results in 'model_data' and save the plots to 'final_figures'. Jupyter notebook can be run in the browser and shared, see https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/www.pik-potsdam.de/~albrecht/notebooks/paleo_paper/paleo_paper_final.ipynb.
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Contact:
Albrecht, Torsten ([email protected]) ; Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, German
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