1,721,010 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
Full text linkThis chapter discusses methods and techniques for measuring and evaluating performance for the purpose of controlling the investment process. However, many of the methods discussed in this chapter are also used in communicating investment performance between the investment management company and it’s (potential) customers. Therefore, performance measurements also play an important role in the competition between investments management companies. Substantial evidence from the net sales of mutual funds shows that investors buy mutual funds with good past performance records although they fail to sell funds with bad past performance
PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
Full text linkThis chapter discusses methods and techniques for measuring and evaluating performance for the purpose of controlling the investment process. However, many of the methods discussed in this chapter are also used in communicating investment performance between the investment management company and it’s (potential) customers. Therefore, performance measurements also play an important role in the competition between investments management companies. Substantial evidence from the net sales of mutual funds shows that investors buy mutual funds with good past performance records although they fail to sell funds with bad past performance.Performance measurement; risk-adjusted performance
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Individual investor behavior and financial advice
Full text linkOngeveer de helft van de beleggers in Nederland, groot of klein, maakt gebruik van de adviezen van de bank. In de jaren die Kramer onder de loep nam, hadden ze gemiddeld zo’n 50.000 à 70.000 euro te verspijkeren, met uitschieters naar beneden van een paar duizend euro, en naar boven tot tientallen miljoenen. Beleggingsadviseurs verlagen het risico waar geen kans op extra rendement tegenover staat, blijkt uit de ongeveer 16.000 beleggingsportefeuilles die Kramer bekeek. Ze spreiden de risico’s zorgvuldig. Dat kan volgens Kramer altijd nog iets beter, maar ze doen dat in elk geval veiliger dan de zelfstandige belegger.
Spagaat
Belangrijker is dat de adviseurs geen hoger rendement halen. Dat lijkt conform het regelmatig uitgevoerde experiment waaruit zou blijken dat beleggingsdeskundigen niet beter scoren dan een gorilla. Maar zo eenvoudig ligt het niet, zegt Kramer: ‘Die vergelijking, die soms in het voordeel van de aap uitvalt, gaat alleen over “stock picking”. Het is de taak van de adviseur om een zorgvuldig mandje samen te stellen van bij de klant passende beleggingen. Dat er verbetering mogelijk is, heeft volgens mij te maken met de spagaat waarin de adviseur zit. De belangen van de bank waar hij in dienst is, komen niet helemaal overeen met die van zijn klanten. Zo krijgt een bank een soort provisie als er met bepaalde beleggingsfondsen zaken wordt gedaan. Vooral actief beheerde fondsen zijn in trek, in plaats van indexfondsen, hoewel die goedkoper zijn. Nu de wetgeving op dat punt strenger wordt, valt die prikkel vanaf 2014 weg en denk ik dat ze het belang van de klant meer kunnen dienen.’
Financiële ongeletterdheid
Diegenen die van zichzelf vinden dat ze over veel financiële kennis beschikken, kiezen minder vaak voor advies. Ook stelt Kramer in zijn onderzoek vast dat klanten met hooguit een vmbo-opleiding veel minder snel advies van hun bank vragen. ‘Daarnaast wordt dat advies lang niet altijd opgevolgd, terwijl je zou verwachten dat ze daar meer behoefte aan hebben.’ Hij vermoedt dat dat samenhangt met het gebrek aan zelfinzicht van die categorie. Kramer vindt dat beleggingsadvies daarom vanzelfsprekender moet worden. ‘Het zou deel moeten uitmaken van een waaier aan mogelijkheden om betere financiële beslissingen te stimuleren, zoals financiële educatie, keuze-architectuur en regelgeving. Daarnaast verdient het aanbeveling dat adviseurs meer worden onderwezen in beleggerspsychologie.’
Crisis
De periode die Kramer onderzocht beslaat de gouden jaren tussen 2003 en 2007, met rendementen van zo’n 15% per jaar. Maar zijn conclusies blijven ook geldig voor slechte periodes: ‘Ik heb onderzocht hoe goed de adviezen waren als de beurs in die jaren een poos stagneerde. Dan blijkt zich hetzelfde patroon voor te doen.’
About half of the investors in the Netherlands, large or small, make use of the advice of their bank. In the years Kramer investigated, they had on average € 50,000 to € 70,000 to play with, with the extremes from a few thousand to several million. The 16,000 or so investment portfolios that Kramer investigated revealed that investment consultants reduce the risk where there is no chance of extra yield. They carefully spread that risk. In Kramer’s view, they could do even better, but they certainly act more safely than an independent investor.
Dilemma
What is more important is that the advisors do not achieve higher yields. This appears to correspond with a regular experiment that apparently shows that investment consultants score no higher than a gorilla. But it’s not as simple as that, says Kramer: ‘That comparison, which is sometimes in favour of the ape, is only about “stock picking”. The advisor’s task is to compile a well-thought-out basket of investments that fit the client. The fact that there’s room for improvement is in my opinion related to the dilemma the advisor faces. The interests of the bank that employs him are not always compatible with those of his clients. For example, banks receive a sort of premium if they do business with certain investment funds. Actively managed funds are particularly popular, instead of index funds, although they are cheaper. That incentive will be gone by 2014 as legislation is tightening up on that point, and I think they will be able to serve the clients’ interests better.’
Financial illiteracy
Those who think they have a lot of financial knowledge are less likely to ask for advice. Kramer also states in his research that clients with only pre-vocational secondary education (VMBO) are much less likely to ask their bank for advice. ‘In addition, that advice is very often ignored, although you’d expect them to need it more.’ He suspects that this is related to a lack of self-knowledge in that category of people. Kramer thinks that investment advice should thus become much more automatic. ‘It should be part of a range of possibilities to stimulate better financial decisions, including financial education, choice architecture and legislation. Further, I would recommend that advisors be trained in investor psychology.’
Crisis
The period investigated by Kramer covers the golden years from 2003 to 2007, with yields of up to 15% per annum. However, his conclusions also apply to the bad periods: ‘I investigated how good the advice was during the times in those years when the markets stagnated. The same pattern was revealed.’
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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