1,721,003 research outputs found
Science - industry double impact coupling : modeling and empirical tests
No full textLes grands défis sociétaux contemporains nécessitent la création conjointe de nouveaux savoirs scientifiques et d’innovations techniques. Pourtant, les relations entretenues entre activités de recherche scientifique et activités de développement de produits, procédés ou services semblent s’apparenter à une double contrainte : l’impact scientifique s’opérerait au détriment de l’impact technique, et inversement. Pourtant, l’étude de cas historiques ou modernes permet de faire l’hypothèse d’un modèle de couplage science – industrie dit de double impact simultané. En menant une démarche exploratoire à partir des théories de la conception, de la littérature sur l’engagement académique et l’innovation combinatoire, cette thèse propose un modèle formel des conditions d’existence et des performances des relations science – industrie. Une démonstration empirique du double impact simultané est proposée à partir d’un cas d’étude dans l’industrie agroalimentaire. Le modèle formel apporte un cadre conceptuel aux quatre essais qui composent ce travail. Les deux premiers essais permettent de démontrer la dynamique historique et les performances du modèle de double impact simultané dans les sciences dites « fondamentale » (étude longitudinale des lauréats du Prix Nobel) et « appliquées » (étude des thèses CIFRE), comparativement aux cas traditionnels. Un troisième essai discute des conditions institutionnelles du modèle dans le cas de la R&D industrielle en étudiant la dynamique de l’invention dans le secteur du pétrole et du gaz. Enfin, un quatrième essai propose une réflexion sur la résilience du modèle de double impact simultané aux crises, à partir d’une analyse des effets des crises sanitaires liées aux coronavirus.Contemporary grand challenges require the conjoint development of new scientific discoveries and technical innovations. Nevertheless, the relations between (1) scientific research activities and (2) product, process, or service development activities mainly look like a double hurdle. In many projects, scientific impact would seem to be made at the expense of technological impact, and vice-versa. Nevertheless, by studying historical or recent cases, this research suggests the hypothesis of a "simultaneous double impact" model between science and industry. Through an exploratory analysis based on design theories, the academic engagement and the combinatorial innovation literatures, the thesis provides a formal model of such a relation by specifying their conditions of existence and expected performances. The research brings an empirical demonstration of the simultaneous double impact model through a case study in the agrifood industry. Finally, the formal model constitutes a framework for the four essays of the thesis. The first two essays aim at demonstrating the historical dynamic and performances of the simultaneous double impact model. The first analyzes "fundamental sciences" through a longitudinal analysis of Nobel laureates. The second explores "applied sciences" by demonstrating the model performances in university-industry collaborative Ph.D. The third essay discusses the model institutional conditions in corporate sciences by reviewing the inventive dynamic in the oil & gas industry. Finally, the fourth essay reflects on the model resilience during significant crisis by studying the effects of coronavirus crisis in the long run
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Couplages science – industrie à double impact : modélisation et tests empiriques
No full textContemporary grand challenges require the conjoint development of new scientific discoveries and technical innovations. Nevertheless, the relations between (1) scientific research activities and (2) product, process, or service development activities mainly look like a double hurdle. In many projects, scientific impact would seem to be made at the expense of technological impact, and vice-versa. Nevertheless, by studying historical or recent cases, this research suggests the hypothesis of a "simultaneous double impact" model between science and industry. Through an exploratory analysis based on design theories, the academic engagement and the combinatorial innovation literatures, the thesis provides a formal model of such a relation by specifying their conditions of existence and expected performances. The research brings an empirical demonstration of the simultaneous double impact model through a case study in the agrifood industry. Finally, the formal model constitutes a framework for the four essays of the thesis. The first two essays aim at demonstrating the historical dynamic and performances of the simultaneous double impact model. The first analyzes "fundamental sciences" through a longitudinal analysis of Nobel laureates. The second explores "applied sciences" by demonstrating the model performances in university-industry collaborative Ph.D. The third essay discusses the model institutional conditions in corporate sciences by reviewing the inventive dynamic in the oil & gas industry. Finally, the fourth essay reflects on the model resilience during significant crisis by studying the effects of coronavirus crisis in the long run.Les grands défis sociétaux contemporains nécessitent la création conjointe de nouveaux savoirs scientifiques et d’innovations techniques. Pourtant, les relations entretenues entre activités de recherche scientifique et activités de développement de produits, procédés ou services semblent s’apparenter à une double contrainte : l’impact scientifique s’opérerait au détriment de l’impact technique, et inversement. Pourtant, l’étude de cas historiques ou modernes permet de faire l’hypothèse d’un modèle de couplage science – industrie dit de double impact simultané. En menant une démarche exploratoire à partir des théories de la conception, de la littérature sur l’engagement académique et l’innovation combinatoire, cette thèse propose un modèle formel des conditions d’existence et des performances des relations science – industrie. Une démonstration empirique du double impact simultané est proposée à partir d’un cas d’étude dans l’industrie agroalimentaire. Le modèle formel apporte un cadre conceptuel aux quatre essais qui composent ce travail. Les deux premiers essais permettent de démontrer la dynamique historique et les performances du modèle de double impact simultané dans les sciences dites « fondamentale » (étude longitudinale des lauréats du Prix Nobel) et « appliquées » (étude des thèses CIFRE), comparativement aux cas traditionnels. Un troisième essai discute des conditions institutionnelles du modèle dans le cas de la R&D industrielle en étudiant la dynamique de l’invention dans le secteur du pétrole et du gaz. Enfin, un quatrième essai propose une réflexion sur la résilience du modèle de double impact simultané aux crises, à partir d’une analyse des effets des crises sanitaires liées aux coronavirus
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
La recherche partenariale : une alliance stratégique entre recherche fondamentale et monde industrie
No full textLa Fabrique de l'IndustrieDans une économie fondée sur la connaissance, les collaborations entre universités et entreprises jouent un rôle central dans l’innovation, la croissance économique et la transformation des sociétés. Loin de se limiter à un simple transfert de technologies ou à une sous-traitance de compétences scientifiques, ces partenariats sont aujourd’hui des espaces structurants de coconstruction des savoirs, où se redéfinit la frontière entre recherche académique et monde industriel
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