1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Zustandsselektive Untersuchungen von Ionen-Neutral Reaktionen mit Hilfe einer weiterentwickelten guided-ion-beam Apparatur
No full textIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die GIB-Apparatur weiterentwickelt, um uner- wünschte Nebenreaktionen durch Diffusion zwischen den Kammern der Apparatur zu unterbinden. Dazu wurden verschiedene Ionenoptiken getestet. Als abschließen- der Aufbau wurde eine Kopplung zweier linearer Oktopole durch ein Transferlin- sensystem aus Aperturlinsen verwendet. Um Feldverzerrungen zu minimieren, sind die äußeren elektrostatischen Linsen, die den Oktopolen am nächsten verortet sind, auf Massepotential gelegt.
In dieser GIB-Apparatur wurde das Reaktionssysteme HBr+ + HCl vergleichend zu den Ergebnissen aus früheren Aufbauten der GIB-Apparatur untersucht. Die alten Ergebnisse konnten mit dem neuen Aufbau reproduziert werden, sodass weitere Reaktionssysteme untersucht wurden. Ein weiteres untersuchtes Reak- tionssystem war das HBr+ + CH4 System. In diesem konnte das Produkt der PT-Reaktion CH+5 , das HA-Produkt H2Br+, das CT-Produkt CH+4 und das BT- Produkt CH4Br+ beobachtet werden. Die erste Reaktion ist exotherm und der Wirkungsquerschnitt nimmt mit zunehmender Stoßenergie monoton ab. Weiterhin nimmt der Wirkungsquerschnitt mit zunehmender Rotationsenergie des Reaktan- dions ab. Die Rotationsabhängigkeit der PT-Reaktion folgt der Gesetzmäßigkeit Θnrot mit n=0.15. Bei identischen Winkelgeschwindigkeiten der Reaktanden kann eine Unstetigkeit beobachtet werden. Die endotherme HA-Reaktion nimmt mit zu- nehmender Stoßenergie wie erwartet zu. Die experimentell bestimmte Reaktions- barriere liegt für verschiedene Wirkungsquerschnittfunktionen bei 0.13 ±0.13 eV für alle untersuchten Rotationsenergien des HBr+-Ions. Dies liegt in guter Über- einstimmung zu der Reaktionsenthalpie, wenn die SO-Energie in der Reaktions- koordinate zur Verfügung steht. Diese Reaktion weist keine signifikante Rotati- onsabhängigkeit auf. Die CT- und BT-Reaktion sind beides Reaktionen mit Bar- rieren. Die CT-Reaktion besitzt die Reaktionsenthalpie als Barriere, während die BT-Reaktion eine Aktivierungsbarriere vorweist. Beide Reaktionen zeigen keine signifikante Abhängigkeit von der Rotation des Reaktandions. Die Reaktionsbar- riere der CT-Reaktion wurde experimentell zu 0.95 ± 0.05 eV bestimmt. Es wurde geschlussfolgert, dass die SO-Energie nicht in der Reaktionskoordinate zur Ver- fügung steht. Die Aktivierungsbarriere der BT-Reaktion wurde experimentell zu 0.78 ± 0.04 eV für die kleinste Rotationsenergie des HBr+-Ions bestimmt. Dies liegt in guter Übereinstimmung zu der theoretisch berechneten Aktivierungsener- gie des Reaktionspfades auf der PES.[286] Die SO-Energie steht für die BT-Reaktion nicht in der Reaktionskoordinate zur Verfügung. Die Wirkungsquerschnitte der CT-Reaktion zeigen in Simulation und Experiment einen concave down Verlauf (Arrhenius-artig[177]), während diese der BT-Reaktion einen concave up Verlauf zeigen. Letzteres deutet auf eine Winkelabhängigkeit der Reaktion bezüglich der beiden Reaktanden hin. AIMD-Simulationen zeigten für die untersuchten Reakti- onskanäle qualitativ gute Übereinstimmung mit den experimentellen Daten. Die unterschiedliche Wölbung der Wirkungsquerschnitte als Funktion der Stoßenergie des CT und BT sind ebenfalls in Simulation und Experiment identisch. Dies indi- ziert eine Winkelabhängigkeit des BT-Reaktionsmechanismus im Gegensatz zum CT-Mechanismus.
Das HCl+ + Kr Reaktionssystem ist ein von der Stoßenergie dominiertes Re- aktionssystem. Die zwei Parallelreaktionen PT und CT wurden untersucht. Die Wirkungsquerschnitte der ersten Reaktion zeigen als Funktion der Stoßenergie ein Maximum, welches durch Produktdissoziation des HKr+-Moleküls hervorgerufen wird. Die Dissoziationsenergie des HKr+ wurde für die niedrigste Rotationsener- gie des HCl+ zu 4.87 ± 0.68 eV bestimmt. Dies liegt in guter Übereinstimmung mit dem Wert 4.92 eV berechnet aus den Standardbildungsenthalpien. Gutbier hat als untere Grenze für die Dissoziationsenergie 4.5 eV angegeben.[318] Für Sto- ßenergien bis 9 eV dominiert die PT-Reaktion, bei höheren Stoßenergien die CT- Reaktion. Für die CT-Reaktion konnte keine signifikante Rotationsabhängigkeit beobachtet werden, die PT-Reaktion zeigte eine Deaktivierung durch die Rotation des Reaktandions im Bereich der Reaktionsbarriere.
Die HA-Reaktion des NH+3 + H2 Reaktionssystems zeigte keine Rotationsabhän- gigkeit, nur der Q(1)-Übergang der Progression K=J erscheint signifikant akti- viert. Als Funktion der Stoßenergie weist der Wirkungsquerschnitt bei 0.3 eV ein Minimum vor. Unterhalb der Aktivierungsbarriere von 0.2 eV läuft diese Reakti- on signifikant ab. Das Minimum wurde als Resultat der gegenläufigen Effekte von abnehmender Komplexstabilität des Eingangskanals und zunehmender Tunnelrate mit zunehmender Stoßenergie interpretiert.
Alle in dieser Arbeit untersuchten HA-Reaktionen zeigen keine signifikante Ro- tationsabhängigkeit von der Rotation des Reaktandions. Die exothermen PT- Reaktionen zeigen eine Deaktivierung mit zunehmender Rotationsenergie des Re- aktandions. Die endothermen CT-Reaktionen sind im Rahmen dieser Arbeit un- abhängig von der Rotationsenergie des Reaktandions und nur für HBr+ + HCl rotationsaktiviert im Bereich der Reaktionsbarriere. Die BT-Reaktion ist ebenfalls unabhängig von der Rotationsenergie des Reaktandions. Generell sind die Reaktionen, die im Übergangskomplex mit den größeren Enden reagieren oder rotationssymmetrisch sind unabhängig von der Rotationsanregung des Eduktkations.During this work the GIB apparatus was developed to prevent undesired reactions through diffusion between the chambers. Various ion optic setups were tested. In the final stage of development two linear octopole ion guides are coupled by a lens assembly consisting of aperture lenses. The outer lenses are grounded for minimi- zing electric field distortions.
The results of the reaction system HBr+ + HCl in the new apparatus design are compared to the results observed in the earlier stage of development. No signifi- cant changes of the results were investigated. The next reaction system of interest was HBr+ + CH4. The products CH+5 , H2Br+, CH+4 and CH4Br+ were identified. The protone transfer reaction leading to CH+5 is exothermic. The reaction cross section decreases monotonically. Additionally the cross section decreases with in- creasing reactand ion rotation. As a function of the rotational temperature the decrease is proportional to Θnrot with n=0.15. At the point of equal angular speed of the reactands the function has a discontinuity. As expected the cross section of the endothermic hydrogen abstraction reaction increases with increasing collision energy. The experimentally determinded reaction barrier is 0.13 ± 0.13 eV for all investigated rotational energies of the HBr+ ion. This is in accordance with the reaction enthalpy if the SO energy is available in the reaction coordinate. This reaction has no significant rotational dependence. Both the charge-transfer and bromine-transfer reaction have reaction barriers. In case of the charge-transfer the barrier arises from the reaction enthalpy thereas the bromine-transfer has an ac- tivation barrier. Both reactions are not dependent on the rotation of the ionic reactand. The reaction barrier of the charge-transfer was experimentally determined to be 0.95 ± 0.5 eV. Hence the SO-energy is not available in the reaction coordinate. The activation energy of the bromine-transfer is 0.78 ± 0.04 eV for the ion rotational energy of 3.4 meV. This value matches well with that obtained from the reaction path along the potential energy surface.[286] As in the case of the charge-transfer the SO-energy is not available in the reaction coordinate. The cross section of the charge-transfer reaction shows a concave down behavior in simulation and experiment (Arrhenius like[177]), whereas the bromine-transfer cross section has in experiment and simulation a concave-up behavior. The latter indicates an angle dependency of the reaction mechanism. This observation is qualitatively the same in experiment as well as in the simulation results.
The HCl+ + Kr reaction system is dominated by effects of the collision energy. The two parallel reaction charge-transfer and protone-transfer were investigated. The cross section of the latter reaction has a maximum as a function of the collision energy, due to the dissociation of the product of this reaction. Up to 9 eV colli- sion energy the protone-transfer is the domination reaction, above that collision energy the charge-transfer becomes the dominating channel. The charge-transfer has no dependency on the reactand ion rotation, the protone-transfer is deactiva- ted by increasing rotation of the reactand ion near the thermochemical threshold. The dissociation energy of the protone-transfer product was determined to be 4.87 ± 0.68 eV. This value is in good agreement to the value calculated from the standard formation enthalpies 4.92 eV as well as the lower limit reported by Gut- bier of 4.5 eV.[318]
The hydrogen abstraction is the only observable reaction for the NH+3 + H2 reac- tion system. The reactand ion rotation has no effect on that reaction except for the Q(1)-transition of the progression J=K. For that transition the reaction seems to be activated. As a function of the collision energy at 0.3 eV the cross section has a minimum. Below the activation energy of 0.2 eV the reaction significantly takes place. The minimum is interpreted as a result of decreasing stability of the entrance complex and increasing tunneling rate with increasing collision energy.
All the investigated hydrogen abstraction reactions have no significant rotational dependency, whereas the exothermic protone-transfer reactions are deactivated by increasing rotational energy of the reactand ion. The endothermic CT-reactions are independent on the reactand ion rotation and only in the reaction system HBr+ + HCl activated by rotation near the thermochemical threshold. The BT-reaction is independent on the educt ion rotation too. In conclusion all reactions which have rotational symmetric transition complexes or react with the bigger end of the particle are independent on the ion rotation
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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